Identification of Seed Storage Protein Polymorphism in Some Soybean (Glycine max Merril) Genotypes Using SDS-PAGE Technique

Abstract

Seed storage proteins are considered as biochemical markers, which are less affected by the environment and have high repeatability, and have become a powerful tool in studying genetic variation within and among genotypes in crop plants and also distinguishing cultivars of a particular crop species. In this study, 17 genotypes of soybean were studied using SDS-PAGE. The results showed that genetic diversity average for all detected loci including total proteins and low molecular weight (LMW-GS) was equal to 0.48 and for proteins with high molecular weight (HMW-GS) was 0.42. Additionally, Shannon average index were 0.4096, 0.41 and 0.60 respectively with regard to three storage proteins examined. While the cluster analysis produced from total proteins divided genotypes into four groups, proteins with low molecular weight (LMW-GS) and high molecular weight(HMW-GS) divided them into three groups. This polymorphism could be used in any biochemical marker based breeding programs to facilitate selection.

Keywords

• Cluster analysis, Genetic diversity, SDS-PAGE, Soybean

SDS-Page Tekniği Kullanılarak Bazı Soya (Gylicine max Merril) Genotiplerindeki Tohum Depo Protein Polimorfizminin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Tohum depo proteinleri, çevre tarafından daha az etkilenir ve yüksek tekrarlanabilirliğe sahiptir ve kültür bitkilerinde genotipleri arasındaki genetik varyasyonum belirlenmesinde ve aynı zamanda belirli ürün türlerinin çeşitlerinin ayırt edilmesinde güçlü bir araç haline gelen bir biyokimyasal belirteç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 17 soya genotipi SDS-PAGE kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, toplam protein ve düşük moleküler ağırlıklı (LMW-GS) lokuslar dahil olmak üzere tespit edilen tüm lokusların genetik çeşitlilik ortalamasının, 0.48 olduğunu ve yüksek molekül ağırlığına sahip proteinler (HMW-GS)  için ise 0.42 olduğunu göstermiştir.  Ayrıca, Shannon ortalama endeksi, bu üç depo protein grubu için sırasıyla 0.4096, 0.41 ve 0.60 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam proteinler için oluşturulan kümeleme analizi genotiplerin dört gruba ayrırırken, genotipler düşük moleküler ağırlıklı (LMW-GS) ve yüksek moleküler ağırlıklı (HMW-GS) sahip proteinler bakımından üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu polimorfizm,  herhangi bir biyokimyasal belirteç tabanlı ıslah programlarında seleksiyon amacı ile kullanılabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kümeleme analizi, Genetik çeşitlilik, SDS-PAGE, Soya

References

1. Akinamed, SA, Oben, TT, Soetan, KO (2010). Biochemical characterization soybean (Glycine max) TGX1485-1D seed proteins. pp. 851-856.
2. Alipour H, Rezai A, Meibodi SAM, Taheri M (2002) Evaluation of genetic variation in soybean lines using seed protein electrophoresis. J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Nat. Resour. 5(4): 85-96.
3. Ciaffi M, Lanfiandra D, Porceddu E, Benedettelli S (1993). Storage protein variation in wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) from Jordan and Turkey. 2. Patterns of allele distribution. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86: 518-5250.
4. Dobhal VK (1995) Genetic divergence in soybean. Legume Res. 18(1): 29-34.
5. Faisal Anwar Malik M, Qureshi SA, Rashid Khan M, Ashraf M, Javed A (2009).Evaluation of genetic diversity in soybean (Glycine max) lines using seed protein electrophoresis. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 3(2):107-112.
6. Ghafoor A, Gulbaaz FN, Afzal M, Ashraf M, Arshad M (2003). Inter-relationship between SDS-PAGE markers and agronomic traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Pak. J. Bot. 35(4): 613-624.
7. Hahn H, Schoberlein W (1999). Characterizationand identification of Festulolium hybrids byelectrophoresis of seed proteins. Seed Science and Technology, 27: 525-542.
8. Hill JE, Breidenbach RW (1974). Proteins of soybean seeds. I. Isolation and characterization of the major components. Plant Physiol. 53:742–746.

9. Laemmli UK (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of head of bacteriophage T4.Nature, 227: 680-685.
10. Liu S, Zhou R, Tian S, Gai J (2007). A Study on Subunit Groups of Soybean Protein Extracts under SDS- PAGE.J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 84:793–801.
11. Naghavi A, Sofalian O, Asghari A, Sedghi M (2010). Relation between freezing tolerance and seed storage proteins in winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Tur. J. F. Crops, 15: 154-158.
12. Odeigah PGC, Osanyinpeju AO (1996). Seed protein electrophoretic characterization of cowpea (Vignaun guiculata) germplasm from IITA gene bank.Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 43: 485- 491.
13. Payne PI, Lawrence J (1983).Catalogue of alleles for the complex gene loci Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 which code for high molecular weight subunits of glutenin inhexaploid wheat. Cereal Research Communications, 11: 29-35.
14. Sathe SKGG, Lilley A, Mason C, Weaver CM (1987).High-resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soybean (Glycine max L.)seed proteins. Cereal Chem.64:380-384.
15. Wolf WJ, Briggs DR (1956).Ultracentrifugal investigation of the effect of neutral salts on the extraction of soybean proteins. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 63:40–49.
16. Wolf WJ, Tamura T (1968). Heat denaturation of soybean 11S protein. Cereal Chem. 46:331–344.
17. Yang V, Scrimshaw N (1998). Soybean protein in human nutrition. J. Amer. Oil. Chem. Soc. 56:110-120.