Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Maize based on Calendar and Thermal Time

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic effects on flowering traits in maize and to determine the suitable families for potential use in the future breeding studies. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BcP1F1, BcP2F1) of five different maize families were used as plant material in this study. These materials were generated in the years of 2011 and 2012, than evaluated in 2013. Four flowering traits (days to tasseling, days to pollen shading, days to silking and anthesis silking interval) were investigated. Type of gene action, narrow heritability values, effective gene number and genetic gain from selection for investigated traits were determined by the Generation Mean Analysis method. A considerable variation for the evaluated traits was found among the families and their generations. The results of the study showed that few genes had effect on the evaluated flowering traits. Additive gene action was preponderance for most of the flowering traits, while dominance and epistatic interactions were significant just in two families. In terms of the significance of gene effects, the results were similar from both calendar and thermal time calculations, but not for the heritability estimations. Some of the families (IHOxMo17, IHPxHya, Mo17xIHO) showed potential for effective selection for flowering traits.

Keywords

• Genetic effects, Growing degree days, Zea mays

Mısırda Çiçeklenmenin Gün ve Termal Süreye Göre Genetik Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amaçları, mısırda çiçeklenme özelliklerine etki eden gen tipinin incelenmesi ve ilerde yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında kullanıma uygun olan aileler tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmada materyal olarak beş farklı aileye ait altı farklı nesil (P1, P2, F1, F2, BcP1F1, BcP2F1) kullanılmıştır. Bu materyal 2011 ve 2012 yılında oluşturulmuş ve 2013 yılında değerlendirme denemesine alınmıştır. Dört çiçeklenme özelliği (tepe püskülü çıkarma, polen dökme, koçan püskülü çıkarma ve koçan püskülü çıkarma polen dökme aralığı) gün ve termal süre bazlı olarak ele alınmıştır. İncelenen özelliklerde gene etki tipi, dar anlamda kalıtım derecesi, etkili gen sayısı ve seleksiyona karşı ilerleme değeri Nesil Ortalama Analizi (NOA) metodu ile belirlenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından kullanılan aileler ve bu ailelere ait nesiller arasında dikkate değer bir değişim saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları incelenen çiçeklenme özellikleri üzerine az sayıda genin etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Çiçeklenme özelliklerinin çoğunda eklemeli gen etkilerinin rol oynadığı bulunurken yalnızca iki ailede dominans ve epistatik interaksiyonlar önemli bulunmuştur. Gen etkilerinin önemliliği bakımından gün sayısı ve termal sure hesaplamaları arasında benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiş, fakat kalıtım derecesi tahminleri farklılık göstermiştir. Bazı ailelerin (IHOxMo17, IHPxHya, Mo17xIHO) çiçeklenme özellikleri için seleksiyon potansiyeline sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gen etkileri, Günlük gelişim derecesi, Zea mays

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