Oxidative Damage in Some Tissues of Van Fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) Having Abnormal Ovary

Yıl 2017, , 447 - 452, 29.09.2017

Necati Özok Ahmet Regaib Oğuz , Abdulahad Doğan Burcu Ergöz

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.315388

Öz

Van Lake is the largest soda lake of Turkey and there is only one fish species (Van Fish, Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) that can survive under the extreme conditions of the lake. There are several researches carried out on the issue of lake contamination recently. Gonad abnormalities observed among these fish are one of the most important issues. In the present study, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and the antioxidant enzyme levels such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH – Px) are compared in gills, livers, and gonads of the Van Fish (the ovary abnormality of which are determined in Van Lake) and the normal fish. Compared to the normal fish, the MDA levels of the abnormal fish show a considerable amount of increase in all of the tissues (P<0.05). There is a significant decrease in the SOD activity in the gill and ovary tissue and in the GSH – Px activity in the livers of the abnormal individuals compared to the normal individuals (P<0.05). As for the GSH levels, there is no difference found when the normal and abnormal tissues are compared. Consequently, when the fish with ovary abnormalities which are thought to be exposed to contaminators in a certain time period is compared to the normal fish, it can be said that their antioxidant defense systems are affected.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alburnus tarichi, Lake Van, Ovary abnormalities, Oxidative enzymes, Van Fish

Anormal Gonadlı Van Balığının (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) Bazı Dokularında Oksidatif Hasarın Belirlenmesi

Öz

Van Gölü dünyanın en büyük sodalı gölü olup gölde ekstrem şartlara uyum sağlayan tek bir balık türü olan Van balığı yaşamaktadır. Son yıllarda, gölün kirliliğine ilişkin pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Özellikle balıklar arasında gözlenen gonad anormallikleri bunlardan en önemlisidir. Bu çalışmada, Van gölünde ovaryum anormalliği belirlenen Van balığı ve normal balıklarda malondialdehit (MDA) seviyeleri ve redükte glutatyon (GSH) düzeyleri ile superoksid dismutaz (SOD) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-px) gibi antioksidan enzim seviyeleri solungaç, karaciğer ve gonadlarda karşılaştırıldı. MDA seviyeleri anormal bireylerde normal bireylere göre bütün dokularda önemli oranda artış gösterdi (P<0.05). Anormal bireylerin solungaç ve ovaryum dokularındaki SOD aktivitesi ve karaciğer dokusundaki GSH-Px aktivitesi normal bireylere göre azalma önemli bulundu (P<0.05). GSH seviyesinde ise normal ve anormal dokuların karşılaştırılmasında fark bulunmadı. Sonuç olarak belirli bir dönemde kirleticilere maruz kaldığı düşünülen anormal ovaryumlu balıkların normal balıklarla karşılaştırıldığında antioksidant savunma sistemlerinin etkilendiği söyleyenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alburnus tarichi, Van Gölü, Van Balığı, Oksidatif enzimler, Ovaryum anormallikleri

Kaynakça

• Ahmad I, Hamid T, Fatima M, Chand HS, Jain SK, Athar M, Raisuddin S (2000). Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1523(1): 37-48.
• Ayala A, Munoz MF, Arguelles S (2014). Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2014, 360438.
• Bainy AC, Saito E, Carvalho PS, Junqueira VB (1996). Oxidative stress in gill, erythrocytes, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from a polluted site. Aquatic Toxicology 34(2):151-162.
• Bernet D, Schmidt H, Meier W, Burkhardt‐Holm P, Wahli T (1999). Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution.Journal of Fish Diseases, 22(1): 25-34.
• Beutler E, Dubon OB, Kelly M (1963). Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med 61:882–888.
• Bilgili A, Sağmanlıgil H, Çetinkaya N, Yarsan E, Türel İ (1995). Van gölü suyunun doğal kalitesi ve buradan avlanan İnci kefali (Calcalburnus tarichii, Pallas 1811) örrneklerinde bazı ağır metal düzeyleri. A Ü Vet Fak Derg 42:445–450.
• Dogan A, Celik İ (2012). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of grapeseeds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 107,45–51.
• Draper HH, Hadley M (1990). Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid Peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology 186:421-431.
• Ercal N, Gurer-Orhan H, Aykin-Burns N (2001). Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 1(6): 529-539.
• Förlin L, Lemaire P, Livingstone DR (1995). Comparative studies of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in different fish species. Marine Environmental Research 39(1): 201-204.
• Freyhof J (2014). Alburnus tarichi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 April 2015.
• Gül Ş, Belge-Kurutaş E, Yıldız E, Şahan A, Doran F (2004). Pollution correlated modifications of liver antioxidant systems and histopathology of fish (Cyprinidae) living in Seyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Environment International 30(5):605-609.
• Jain SK, McVie R, Duett J., et al. (1989). Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and glycosylated hemoglobin in
diabetes. Diabetes 38:1539–1543.
• Jomova K, Valko M (2011) Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 283(2):65-87.
• Lushchak VI (2011). Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals. Aquatic Toxicology 101(1):13-30.
• McCord JM, Fridovich I (1969). Superoxide dismutase, an enzymatic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein).J Biol Chem 244:6049- 6053.
• Oğuz AR (2015a). A histological study of the kidney structure of Van fish (Alburnus tarichi) acclimated to highly alkaline water and freshwater. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 48(2):135-144.
• Oğuz AR (2015b). Histological changes in the gill epithelium of endemic Lake Van Fish (Chalcalburnus tarichi) during migration from alkaline water to freshwater, North-Western Journal of Zoology 11(1):51-57.
• Oğuz AR, Kankaya E (2013). Determination of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Lake Van, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 91(3): 283-286.
• Oğuz AR, Yeltekin A (2014). Metal Levels in the Liver, Muscle, Gill, Intestine, and Gonad of Lake Van Fish (Chalcalburnus tarichi) with Abnormal Gonad. Biological Trace Element Research 159(1-3):219-223.
• Paglia DE, Valentine WN (1967). Studies on quantitative 
and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70:158-169.
• Pandey S, Parvez S, Sayeed I, Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Raisuddin S. (2003). Biomarkers of oxidative stress: a comparative study of river Yamuna fish Wallago attu (Bl. & Schn.). Science of the Total Environment 309(1):105-115.
• Sanchez W, Palluel O, Meunier L, Coquery M, Porcher JM, Ait-Aissa S (2005). Copper-induced oxidative stress in three-spined stickleback: relationship with hepatic metal levels. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 19(1):177-183.
• Teh SJ, Adams SM, Hinton DE (1997). Histopathologic biomarkers in feral freshwater fish populations exposed to different types of contaminant stress. Aquatic Toxicology 37(1):51-70.
• Unal G, Türkoğlu V, Oğuz AR, Kaptaner B (2007). Gonadal histology and some biochemical characteristics of Chalcalburnus tarichi (Pallas, 1811) having abnormal gonads. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 33(2):153-165.
• Valavanidis A, Vlahogianni T, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M (2006). Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 64(2):178-189.
• Xing H, Li S, Wang Z, Gao X, Xu S, Wang X (2012). Histopathological changes and antioxidant response in brain and kidney of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos. Chemosphere 88(4):377-383.