The Influence of Iron Fertilizer and Sewage Sludge on Plant Growth and Anti-oxidative Enzyme Activity Against Cadmium Toxicity in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of increased iron (Fe1:100 mg Fe kg^-1, Fe2:500mg Fe kg^-1) and sewage sludge (10% SS) applications against cadmium (100 mg kg^-1) toxicity on growth, enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in lettuce plant, as well as cadmium availability in plant and soil in greenhouse conditions. In the glasshouse experiment, cadmium application caused decrease in plant height, plant weight, and leaf count compared to control. Nevertheless, Cd+Fe1 application resulted in an increase in plant height up to sole Cd application in glasshouse experiment. In comparison to control, cadmium application was increased catalase activity and malondialdehit (MDA) content. In comparison to alone Cd application, Cd+Fe1 application was decreased accumulation of Cd content, catalase activity and MDA content in plant. In comparison to sole Cd application, Cd+Fe2 application resulted in a decrease Cd content of soil. Cd+SS application caused increased plant height, plant weight and number of leaf to sole Cd application. Moreover, Cd + SS application was associated with decrease in Cd availability, catalase activity, and MDA content in plant. These results pointed out that Fe application could be beneficial to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd; municipal sewage sludge used in this experiment did not reveal a toxic effect due to low levels of heavy metal content and it might be beneficial to reduce Cd toxicity because of its high organic material content. 

Keywords

• Anti-oxidative enzymes,Sewage sludge,Iron fertilizer,Cadmium,Lettuce

Kadmiyum Toksisitesine Karşı Demir Gübrelemesi ve Arıtma Çamurunun Marul (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) Bitkisinin Gelişimine ve Antioksidatif Enzim Aktivitesine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sera koşullarında kadmiyum (100 mg Cd kg^-1) toksisitesini önlemek için artan demir (Fe1: 100 mg Fe kg^-1, Fe2: 500mg Fe kg^-1) düzeylerinin ve arıtma çamurunun (AÇ %10) marul bitkisinin gelişimine, bazı antioksidatif enzim aktivitelerine, lipit peroksidasyon ile bitki ve toprakta Cd içeriklerine etkisini belirlemektir. Sera koşullarında yürütülen saksı denemesindeCd uygulamasının kontrole göre bitki boyu, bitki ağırlığı ve yaprak sayısında önemli düzeyde düşüşe neden olduğu bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte Cd uygulamasının marul bitkisinde katalaz aktivitesi ve malondialdehit (MDA) içeriğini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Cd+Fe1 uygulaması tek başına Cd uygulamasına göre, bitki boyunda önemli ölçüde artışa, katalaz aktivitesi, MDA içeriği ve bitki Cd konsantrasyonunda önemli düzeyde azalmalara neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cd+Fe2 uygulaması tek başına Cd uygulamasına göre, toprağın Cd konsantrasyonunu önemli düzeyde düşürmüştür. Cd+AÇ uygulaması tek başına Cd uygulamasına göre, bitki boyunu, bitki ağırlığını ve yaprak sayısını önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Bununla birlikte Cd+AÇ uygulaması tek başına Cd uygulamasına göre, bitki Cd konsantrasyonu, katalaz aktivitesi ve MDA içeriğinde önemli düzeyde düşüşe neden olmuştur. Bu sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, bitki ve toprakta Cd toksisitesinin giderilmesinde Fe gübrelemesinin kullanılabileceğini ayrıca denemede kullanılan kentsel arıtma çamurunun Cd içeriğinin düşük ve organik madde içeriğinin yüksek olmasından dolayı Cd toksisitesini azaltan bir materyal olarak kullanılabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arıtma çamuru,Marul,Antioksidatif enzimler,Demir gübreleme,Kadmiyum

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