The Use of DNA Barcoding in Entomology

Abstract

DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a short and standard genomic DNA fragment to discriminate species. An approximately 600-700 base pair (bp) region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene referred as ‘DNA barcode’ is used in insect barcoding studies. This short standart DNA sequence is not only a tool for simplifying species identification but also is used for discovery of new species. Furthermore DNA barcoding enables the detection of cryptic species via delimiting species boundaries. Here we reviewed the historical and conceptual perspective of DNA barcoding term, the gene regions used as DNA barcodes and COI gene which is ideal species-identification marker in insects. Furthermore we discussed the advantages and limitations of DNA barcoding and presented DNA barcoding studies in entomology.

Keywords

• COI,DNA barcode,Entomology,Taxonomy,Species identification

Entomolojide DNA Barkodlama Tekniğinin Kullanımı

Öz

DNA barkodlama, herhangi bir organizmaya ait DNA’nın PCR teknikleri ile çoğaltılacak büyüklükteki kısa ve standart bir fragmanının dizilenmesi ile tanılanmasını sağlayan taksonomik bir yöntem olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu amaçla böceklerle yapılan çalışmalarda ‘DNA barkodu’ olarak bilinen mitokondriyal sitokrom c oksidaz alt ünite I (COI) geninin yaklaşık 600-700 baz çiftine (bç) ait kısmı kullanılmaktadır. Bu kısa standart DNA sekansı türlerin tanılanmasını kolaylaştırmasının yanı sıra yeni türlerin keşfi için de oldukça iyi bir araçtır. Ayrıca DNA barkodlama türlerin sınırlarını belirleyerek kriptik türlerin ayrımına katkı sağlar. Bu derlemede DNA barkodlama teriminin tarihsel ve kavramsal olarak ortaya çıkışı, DNA barkodu olarak kullanılan gen bölgeleri ve böcekler için ideal tür tanımlama markörü olan COI gen bölgesi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Son olarak DNA barkodlamanın avantajları ve kısıtlamaları irdelenerek entomolojide DNA barkodlama çalışmalarından örnekler sunulmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entomoloji,DNA barkodlama,COI,Taksonomi,Tür tanımlama

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