The Effect of Different Growing Periods and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Fractions and Nutrient Content of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilization is the most preferred type of fertilizer on garden cress because of causing to more developing of leaves and better looking. However, as a result of this fertilization, nitrate and nitrite accumulation may occur in the cress leaves. Nitrozo compounds which are formed by binding nitrite and nitrate to other compounds are toxic and can cause serious health problems. In this study; the effects of different months of the year and nitrogen sources on garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) yield and accumulation of nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen and nutrient change in leaves were investigated during two years. In both years, seeds were sown on the first days of September, October, November, January, February and March. Three different nitrogen sources were used Farmyard manure (100 ton ha^-1), Ca(NO₃)₂ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ (150 kg N·ha^-1). The experiment was carried out according to the randomized plots design with three replicates and harvested at the time of 7-10 leaves of 90% of the leaves. Then, the nitrogen fractions of the leaves and other nutrient contents and yield were determined. The sowing time and the nitrogen source were significantly affected both yield and nitrogen fractions of leaves in both years, but no effect on other nutrient quantities was observed. The highest yields in both years were found in ammonia and nitrate fertilizer applications in January and September, while the lowest yields were found in March and November in farmyard application. The highest nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen values were determined in nitrate fertilizer application.

Keywords

• Nitrogen fertilizers,Lepidium sativum L,Nitrate-N,Nitrite-N,Yield

Farklı Ekim Zamanı ve Azotlu Gübre Uygulamalarının Tere (Lepidium sativum L.) Bitkisinin Azot Fraksiyonları ve Bitki Besin Maddesi İçeriğine Etkileri

Öz

Azotlu gübreleme, yaprakların gelişmesine ve bitkinin daha iyi görünmesine neden olduğu için terede en çok tercih edilen gübreleme çeşididir. Fakat bu gübreleme sonucu tere yapraklarında nitrat ve nitrit birikimi söz konusu olabilmektedir. Nitrit ve nitritin başka bileşiklere bağlanmasıyla oluşan nitrozo bileşikleri toksiktir ve insan bünyesinde ciddi sağlık sorunlarına neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada da; tere bitkisinin (Lepidium sativum L.) farklı azot formlarını içeren gübrelerle 2 yıl boyunca yetiştirilmesi sonucu yapraklarındaki nitrat, nitrit ve toplam azot birikimi ile bitki besin maddelerinin değişimi incelenmiştir. Sera çalışması olarak yürütülen denemede farklı azot kaynakları olarak; çiftlik gübresi (100 ton/ha), Ca(NO₃)₂ (150 kg N/ha) ve (NH₄)₂SO₄ (150 kg N/ha) kullanılmıştır. Tere bitkisi Ocak’tan Mart’a ve Eylül’den Kasım’a kadar olan aralıklarda her yıl toplam 6 ay yetiştirilmiştir. Tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülen denemede tere yapraklarının % 90’ı 7-10 adet yaprak olduğu anda hasat edilmiş ve yaprakların azot fraksiyonları ile diğer besin madde içerikleri ve verimi saptanmıştır. Ekim zamanı ve uygulanan azot kaynağı, her iki yılda da verim ve yapraklardaki azot fraksiyonları üzerinde istatistiki anlamda etkili olmuş, fakat diğer besin madde miktarları üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi ortaya çıkmamıştır. Her iki yılda da en yüksek verim Ocak ve Eylül aylarında amonyumlu ve nitratlı gübre uygulamalarında, en düşük verim ise Mart ve Kasım aylarında çiftlik gübresi uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Her iki yılda da en yüksek nitrat, nitrit ve toplam azot değerleri ise nitratlı gübre uygulamasında ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Azotlu gübreler,Nitrat azotu,Nitrit azotu,Lepidium sativum L.,Verim

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