Determination of the Optimum Mulch-Irrigation Program Combination for Young Apple Trees

Abstract

The gradual increase demand for water resources, the interest for growing techniques provides irrigation water saving in agricultural production and have no undesired impacts on yield, crop quality, growth and development. This study determined the effects of different mulch materials (black textile, rose oil processing wastes, wheat straw, and no mulch) and irrigation programs on growth of in an orchard for Fuji apple variety grafted on MM106 rootstock on irrigation water, water consumption, shoot number, shoot diameter, shoot length, leaf area index and trunk cross-sectional area. The highest vegetative development was obtained at mulch treatments and frequently irrigated 1st irrigation program. 1st irrigation program was determined as recommended irrigation when the available water resources are sufficient and also 2nd irrigation program together with mulch materials when available water resources are scarce. Each mulch treatment saved water compared to control as 22.0-31.3%, 21.2-28.7% and 17.8-23.5% in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Black textile was determined the most suitable mulch material for young apple trees according to results of water saving and vegetative development. Rose oil processing wastes and straw also can be used as mulch materials.

Keywords

• Apple
• Black textile
• MM106
• Vegetative development
• Water saving

Genç Elma Ağaçları için Uygun Malç-Sulama Programı Kombinasyonunun Belirlenmesi

Öz

Su kaynakları için talep giderek artmaktadır ve tarımsal üretimde sulama suyu tasarrufu sağlayan ve verim, ürün kalitesi, büyüme ve gelişme üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olmayan yetiştirme tekniklerine olan ilgi de artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, MM106 anaçlı Fuji elma çeşidinde farklı malç uygulamaları (siyah taban örtüsü, gül posası işleme atığı, buğday samanı ve malçsız konu-kontrol) ve sulama programlarının sulama suyu, evapotranspirasyon, sürgün çapı, sürgün sayısı, sürgün uzunluğu, yaprak alan indeksi ve gövde kesit alanı üzerinde etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Her bir malç uygulaması için üç farklı sulama programı (sulamaya etkili kök derinliği bölgesindeki elverişli suyun %20, 40 ve 60’ı tüketildiğinde başlama) en uygun sulama programını belirlemek için denenmiştir. En yüksek vejetatif gelişim malç uygulamalarında ve sık sulama yapılan 1. sulama programlarında elde edilmiştir. Tavsiye edilen sulama programı su kaynaklarının elverişli ve yeterli olduğu bölgelerde 1. sulama programıdır. Elverişli su kaynakları miktarının yetersiz olduğu zamanlarda ise malç uygulamalarıyla birlikte 2. sulama programı da uygulanabilir. Malç uygulamalarından elde edilen su tasarrufu miktarı control konusuna göre 2009, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında sırasıyla 22.0-31.3%, 21.2-28.7% and 17.8-23.5% arasında değişmiştir. Su tasarrufu ve vejetatif gelişim sonuçlarına göre genç elma ağaçları için siyah taban örtüsü en uygun malç materyali olarak belirlenmiştir. Gül posası işleme atıkları ve buğday samanı da malç materyali olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elma
• Siyah taban örtüsü
• MM106
• Vejetatif gelişme
• Su tasarrufu

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