Determination of Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Some Bread Wheat Grown in the Central Anatolia Region

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to determine nitrogen use efficiency of some bread wheat varieties widely grown in Central Anatolia Region under field conditions. Field experiment was established according to the split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications under dry conditions in Konya. In the work carried out with the aim of determination of nitrogen use efficiencies (physiologic -NPE, agronomic-NAgE and uptake-NUE) of genotypes two treatments (control; 0 kg da-1 N and 8 kg da-1 N) and 8 bread wheat species (Gerek 79, Bezostaya 1, Altay 2000, Bayraktar 2000, Kate A–1, İzgi 2001, Sönmez 2001 and Karahan 99). In trial, nitrogen doses formed main plots and wheat varieties formed sub-plots. In the results of study, effects of N application on physiological, agronomic and uptake efficiency were found statistically significant. In addition, when the average N use efficiency of varieties analysed, while the highest physiological efficiency of N was determined in the Bayraktar 2000 (50.5), the highest agronomic and uptake efficiencies of N were found in the Kate A -1 (15.9 and 0.33).

Keywords

• Bread wheat
• Nitrogen
• Nitrogen use efficiency

Orta Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Yaygın Yetiştirilen Bazı Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinin Azot Kullanım Etkinlikleri Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Orta Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin azot kullanım etkinliklerin belirlenmesi amacıyla tarla şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Tarla denemesi kuru koşullarda Konya’da tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Genotiplerin azot kullanım etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülen çalışmada kontrol (0 kg/da N) ve 8 kg/ da-1 N olmak üzere iki uygulama ile 8 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (Gerek 79, Bezostaya 1, Altay 2000, Bayraktar 2000, Kate A–1, İzgi 2001, Sönmez 2001 and Karahan 99) kullanılmıştır. Azot dozları ana parselleri ve buğday çeşitleri alt parselleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışma sonunda, azot uygulamasının azotun fizyolojik, agronomik ve alım etkinliği üzerine olan etkileri istatistiki bakımdan önemli bulunmuştur. Ayrıca genotiplerin ortalama azot kullanım etkinlikleri incelendiğinde azotun fizyolojik etkinliği en yüksek Bayraktar 2000 (50.5) çeşidinde belirlenirken, azotun agronomik ve alım etkinliği en yüksek Kate A-1 (15.9 ve 0.33) çeşidinde belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekmeklik buğday
• Azot
• Azot kullanım etkinliği

References

1. Ahmed, S., Humphrey, E., Salim, M. & Chauhan, B.S. (2016). Growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of dry-seeded rice as influenced by nitrogen and seed rates in Bangladesh, Field Crops Research, 186:18-31 s.
2. Atar, B., Kara, B. & Küçükyumuk, Z. (2017). Kışlık ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin azot etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 119-127 s.
3. Barut, H., Aykanat, S., Şimşek., T. & Eker, S. (2015). Nitrogen-use efficiencies of bread and durum wheat cultivars grown in çukurova region. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 1(1): 15 - 22 s.
4. Belete, F., Decgasse, N., Molla, A. & Tana, T. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties on the Vertisols of central highlands of Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secu, ( 7),78-89 s.
5. Bhavana, B., Laxminarayana, P., Madhavi Latha. & Anjaiah, T. (2020). Need based nitrogen management using leaf colour chart for short duration transplanted rice: Effect on nitrogen use efficiency. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(3), 1704-1709 s.
6. FAO, 2018. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (24.05.2019).
7. Haile, D., Nigussie, D. & Ayana, A. (2012). Nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat: Effects of nitrogen rate and time of application. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutritio,. 12 (3), 389-409 s.
8. Mansour, E., Merwad, A.M.A., Yasın, M.A.T., Abdul-Hamıd, M.I.E., Sobky, E.E.A. & Oraby, H.F. (2017), Nitrogen use efficiency in spring wheat: genotypic variation and grain yield response under sandy soil conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, 155, 1407–1423 s.

9. Moll, R.H., Kamprath, E.J. & Jackson, W.A. (1982). Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agron.J. 74: 562-564 s.
10. Oktem, A.G. & Oktem, A. (2019). Effect of semi-arid environmental conditions to quality of durum wheat genotypes (triticum turgidum l. var. durum), Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 3(1): 1-1 s.
11. Raun, W.R. & Johnson, G.V. (1999). Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agronomy Journal, 357–363 s.
12. Salim, N., Raza, A., (2019). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable wheat production: a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(2), 297-315 s.
13. Slater, J.V, 2016. Association of american Plant Food Control Officials Inc. written commun., 15 November 2016.
14. Srivastava, R.K., Pandab, R.K., Chakrabortyc, A. & Halderd, D. (2018). Enhancing grain yield, biomass and nitrogen use efficiency of maize by varying sowing dates and nitrogen rate under rainfed and irrigated condition, Field Crops Research, (221), 339-349 s.
15. Şahin, G. (2016). Türkiye'de Gübre Kullanım Durumu ve Gübreleme Konusunda Yaşanan Problemler., Turkish Journal Agricultural Economics, 22, (1), 19-32s.
16. Tamado, T., Dawit, D. & Sharma. J. Effect of weed management methods and nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat in Southern Ethiopia. East Afr J Sci., 9(1), 15–30 s.
17. TUIK. (2019). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001. (25.06.2020)
18. Whitehead, D.C. (1981) An improved chemical extraction method for predicting the supply of available soil nitrogen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 32 (4).
19. Yang, D. Q., Cai, T., Luo, Y. L. & Wang, Z. L. (2019). Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat.PeerJ, 7, e6484. https ://doi.org/10.7717/peerj .6484.
20. Zhang, F., Peng, Y., Miao, L., Wang, Z., Wang, S. & Li., B. (2017). A novel simultaneous partial nitrification Anammox and denitrification (SNAD) with intermittent aeration for cost-effective nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate. Chemical Engineering Journal, 313, 619-628 s.