Akçakoca ve Yığılca İlçelerinden (Batı Karadeniz) Bal Örneklerinin Polen ve Fizikokimyasal Analizi

Öz

Türkiye, ılıman bölgede zengin bitki örtüsü ve yüksek endemizm oranı ile arıcılık için oldukça elverişlidir. Çalışma alanında Apis mellifera anatoliaca ve Karadeniz bölgesinde anatoliaca’nın ekotipi olarak belirlenen Yığılca lokal bal arısı olmak üzere iki bal arısı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Akçakoca ve Yığılca’dan alınan bu iki bal arısına ait balların botanik kaynaklarını belirlemektir. Kestane ve deli bal örnekleri yerel arıcılardan temin edilmiştir. Bal örneklerindeki polen türleri belirlenmiş ve frekans sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Castanea sativa, Anadolu bal arısı kestane ve deli bal örnekleri arasında baskın polen olarak belirlenmiştir; bu örnekler monofloral bal olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca Anadolu bal arısı deli bal örneklerinde Rhododendron ponticum ve Lysimachia verticillaris polenleri önemli minör polenler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yığılca lokal bal arısından elde edilen deli bal örnekleri, multifloral baldır ve önemli minör polen olarak Rhododendron ponticum ve diğer beş türün polenini içermektedir. Ayrıca fizikokimyasal analizleri de yapılmıştır. Yığılca ilçesinden toplanan bal örneklerinde değerler kabul edilen sınırlar içindedir. Öte yandan Akçakoca ilçesinden alınan bal numunelerinde, nem içeriği dışındaki değerler kabul edilebilir bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, arı kovanlarının etrafında 104 bitki örneği toplanmış ve 54 takson ballı bitki olarak belirlenmiştir. İki ilçenin (Akçakoca ve Yığılca) ballı bitkileri arasında hesaplanan Sorensen benzerlik katsayısı % 51.85 olarak bulunmuştur. Yığılca ilçesinde ballı bitki çeşitliliği de Akçakoca ilçesine göre daha fazladır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Apis mellifera
• Düzce
• Melissopalinoloji
• Yığılca lokal balarısı

Pollen and Physicochemical Analysis of Honey Samples from Akçakoca and Yığılca District (Western Black Sea)

Abstract

Turkey, with its rich flora and high endemism proportion in a temperate zone, is highly favorable for beekeeping. In the studied area, two honeybees are present: Apis mellifera anatoliaca and the Yığılca local honeybee, which has been determined as local ecotype of anatoliaca in the Black Sea region. The main objective of this study was to determine the botanical sources of honey samples, which are produced by these two honeybees, from Akçakoca and Yığılca district. Chestnut and mad honey samples were obtained from local beekeepers. Pollen types in the honey samples were identified and determined the frequency classes. Castanea sativa was identified as the predominant pollen among the honey samples of Anatolian honeybee; these samples were classified as monofloral honey. Besides, Rhododendron ponticum and Lysimachia verticillaris pollens were found to be the important minor pollens in the mad honey samples of Anatolian honeybee. Mad honey samples from the Yığılca local honeybee were a multifloral honey and included Rhododendron ponticum and five other pollens as important minor pollen. In addition, physicochemical analyses were also performed. The honey samples gathered from the Yığılca district were deemed acceptable. On the other hand, the honey samples from the Akçakoca district were found acceptable except for moisture content. Also, 104 plant specimens were collected around beehives and 54 taxa were reported as melliferous plants. The Sorensen similarity coefficient, calculating among the melliferous plants of two localities (Akçakoca and Yığılca), was 51.85%. Diversity of melliferous plants was also higher in Yığılca than in Akçakoca.

Keywords

• Apis mellifera
• Düzce
• Melissopalynology
• Yığılca local honey bee

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