Identification and Pathogenicity of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, the Agent of Canker and Dieback in Almonds and In Vitro Activities of Some Fungicides

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to identify the causal agents associated with cancer and dieback symptoms in almond production areas in Batman's Binatlı village, to determine the pathogenicity of the causal agent, and to determine the efficacy of some fungicides on the pathogen in vitro. As a result of the morphological and molecular characterization of fungal isolates obtained from diseased plant tissues, the fungus was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae. In the pathogenicity test of 5 isolates of N. novaehollandiae on almond seedlings cv Ferragnes, AlNnov79 was determined as the most virulent isolate. As a result of the efficacy trial of five different fungicides on N. novaehollandiae isolate AlNov79, highly effective fungicides were determined as fluazinam (EC50;0.002 µl ml-1), thiophanate–methyl (EC50;0.3 µl ml-1), tebuconazole (EC50;0.4 µl ml-1), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (EC50;2.2 µl ml-1). Trifloxystrobin (EC50;19.5 µl ml-1) was found as the lowest effective fungicide.

Keywords

• Almond
• fungicide
• dieback
• canker
• Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae

Bademde Kanser ve Geriye Doğru Ölüm Etmeni Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae’nın Tanılanması, Patojenisitesi ve Bazı Fungisitlerin In Vitro Etkinlikleri

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Batman’ın Binatlı köyündeki badem üretim alanlarında görülen kanser ve geriye doğru ölüm belirtilerine neden olan hastalık etmeninin tanısını yapmak, etmenin patojenisitesini belirlemek ve in vitro koşullarda bazı fungisitlerin patojene karşı etkinliğini saptamaktır. Hastalıklı bitki dokularından elde edilen fungal izolatlar, morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonu sonucunda fungus, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae olarak tanılanmıştır. N. novaehollandiae’nın 5 izolat ile Ferragnes çeşidi badem fidanlarında yapılan patojenisite testinde AlNnov79, en virülent izolat olarak belirlenmiştir. N. novaehollandiae’nın AlNnov79 izolatına karşı beş farklı fungisitin etkinlik denemesi sonucunda en etkili fungisitler; fluazinam (EC50;0.002 µl/ml), thiophanate–methyl (EC50;0.3 µl/ml), tebuconazole (EC50;0.4 µl/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (EC50;2.2 µl/ml), olarak belirlenmiştir. Etkinliği en düşük fungisit ise trifloxystrobin (EC50;19.5 µl/ml) olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Badem
• fungisit
• geriye doğru ölüm
• kanser
• Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae

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