Çilek Meyve ve Yaprak Mikro Besin Elementlerinin Farklı Sulama Seviyeleri ile Biyo-aktivatör Uygulamasına Tepkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 18 - 29, 31.03.2020

Eser Çeliktopuz , Bülent Özekici

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.624059

Cited By: 1

Öz

Çalışmada, farklı sulama seviyeleri (IR125, IR100, IR75 ve IR50) ve biyo-aktivatör uygulamasının Rubygem çilek çeşidinin meyve ve yapraklarındaki mikro besin element içerikleri (Fe, Cu, Mn, ve Zn) üzerine etkileri 2015-2016 yetiştirme döneminin aktif hasat döneminde (Mart-Mayıs) incelenmiştir. Çukurova Üniversitesi deneme alanında yürütülen çalışma sonucunda, farklı sulama seviyelerinin yaprakta incelenen tüm mikro besin element içeriklerinde önemli farklılıklar oluşturduğu belirlenirken, meyvelerde sadece Fe ve Zn içeriklerinde önemli değişikliklere neden olduğu saptanmıştır. IR50 uygulamasının yaprak Fe, meyve Fe ve Zn içeriklerinde en yüksek önem grubunda yer alması dikkat çekerken, IR75 uygulamasının hem meyve hem de yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre Zn, Cu ve Mn içeriklerinde IR100 ile aynı önem grubunda yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Denemede biyo-aktivatör uygulamalarının hem yaprakların hem de meyvelerin Zn, Cu ve Fe içeriklerini önemli oranda arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle biyo-aktivatör uygulamasının çilek yetiştiriciliği için önemli bir strateji olabileceği, aynı zamanda %25 düzeyinde kısıntılı sulamanın su sıkıntısı yaşanan bölgelerde tam sulamaya alternatif bir yöntem olarak değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Su stresi, Akdeniz Bölgesi, Yüksek Tünel

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma ‘Farklı Sulama Düzeyleri ve Biyoaktivatör Uygulamasının İki Çilek Çeşidinde Verim ve Meyve Kalitesi ile Besin Elementi İçerikleri Üzerine Etkileri’ adlı doktora tezinin bir bölümünden üretilmiştir.

The Reactions of Strawberry Fruit and Leaf Micronutrients under Different Irrigation Levels and Bio-activator Application

Öz

In this study, the effects of different irrigation levels (IR125, IR100, IR75 and IR50) and bio-activator application on micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) concentrations of fruits and leaves of cultivar Rubygem were investigated during the active harvest period of 2015-2016. As a result of the study, which carried out in Çukurova University trial area, it was determined that different irrigation levels caused significant differences in all micronutrient element concentrations examined in leaves, although it caused significant changes only in Fe and Zn concentrations in fruits. IR50 application was found to be in the highest importance group in leaf Fe, fruit Fe and Zn concentrations, while IR75 application was found to be in the same importance group with IR100 for Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations according to both fruit and leaf analysis results. In the experiment, it was determined that bio-activator applications significantly increased Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations of both leaves and fruits. Therefore, it is thought that bio-activator application can be an important strategy for strawberry cultivation and at the same time, 25% restricted irrigation can be considered as an alternative method to full irrigation in water shortage areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Water stress, Mediterranean region, High tunnel

Kaynakça

• AOAC. (1990). In: Helrich, K (Ed.), Official methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Washington, DC.Baligar, V. C., Fageria, N. K., & He, Z. L. (2001). Nutrient use effıcıency in plants. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 32:7-8, 921-950, doi: 10.1081/ css-100104098. https://doi.org/10.1081/css-100104098Boukar, I., Hess, D. E., & Payne, W. A. (1996). Dynamics of moisture, nitrogen and striga infestation in pearl millet, transpiration and growth. Agron J 88:545.Battacharyya, D., Babgohari, Z. M., Rathor, P., & Prithiviraj, B. (2015). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 39-48.Bulgari, R., Cocetta, G., Trivellini, A., Vernieri, P., & Ferrante, A. (2015). Biostimulants and crop responses: a review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 31: 1–17. doi:10.1080/01448765.2014.964649.Capar, S., & Cunningham, W. (2000). Element and radionuclide concentrations in food: FDA total diet study 1991–1996. Journal of AOAC International, 83, 157–177.Crouch, I. J., Beckett, R. P., & Van Staden, J. (1990). Effect of seaweed concentrate on the growth and mineral nutrition of nutrient-stressed lettuce. J. Appl. Phycol. 2, 269-272.Castaings, L., Marchive, C., Meyer, C., & Krapp, A. (2011). Nitrogen signalling in Arabidopsis: how to obtain insights into a complex signalling network. J. Exp. Bot. 62. 1391-1397.Çeliktopuz, E., Kapur, B., Sarıdaş, M.A., & Paydaş Kargı, S. (2018). Determining the yield and morpho-physiological responses of 'fortuna' strawberry cv. of using different ırrigation levels with bio stimulant application. Yyü tar bil derg (yyu j agr scı), 28(4): 368-374.Çeliktopuz, E. (2019). The effects of different irrigation levels and bioactivator application on yield, fruit quality and nutrient contents in two strawberry varieties. (PhD), CU Science Inst. Department of Agr. Struc. And Irr. Adana/Turkey. 327p. Erdal, I., Kepenek, K., & Kızılgoz, I. (2004). Effect of foliar ıron applications at different growth stages on ıron and some nutrient concentrations in strawberry cultivars. Turk J Agric For, 28: 421-427.Ersoy, B., & Demirsoy, H. (2006). Effect of shading on seasonal variation of some macro –nutrients in ‘Camarosa’ strawberry. Asian Journal of Chemistry.18 (3), 2329-2340European Environment Agency. (2004). Impactacs of Europe’s Changing Climate. EEA report no. 2/2004. EEA, Copenhagen, Denmark.Feng, S., & Fu, Q. (2013) Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 10081–10094.Gama, F., Saavedra, T., da Silva, J. P., Miguel, M. G., de Varennes, A., Correia, P. J., Pestana, M. (2016). The memory of iron stress in strawberry plants. Plant. Physiol. Bioch. 104:36.44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.019Geçer, M.K., & Yılmaz H. (2012). Nutrient contents of runner plants of some strawberry cultivars grown under open field and protected cultivation conditions. YYÜ Tar. Bil. Derg. 22 (1):1-6.Ghaderi, N., & Siosemardeh, A. (2011). Response to drought stress of two strawberry cultivars (cv. kurdistan and selva). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52(1):6-12. 2011. doi:10.1007/s13580-011-0019-6.Grant, O. M., Davies, M. J., James, C. M., Johnson, A. W., Leinonen, I., & Simpson, D. W. (2012). Thermal imaging and carbon isotope composition indicate variation amongst strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivars in stomatal conductance and water use effiency. Environmental and Experimental Botany.76:7-15.Grewal, H. S., &Williams, R. (2000). Zinc nutrition affects alfalfa responses to water stress and excessive moisture. Journal of Plant Nutrition 23, 949-962.Hakala, M., Lapvetelainen, A., Huopalahti, R., Kallio, H.,& Tahvonen, R. (2003). Effects of varieties and cultivation conditions on the composition of strawberries. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 16 (1) 67-80.Hu, Y., & Schmidhalter, U. (2005). Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 168, 541-549.İnal, A., Güneş, A., & Alpaslan, M. (1999). Anamur ve Silifke yöresinde çilek yetiştirilen alanların toprak özellikleri ile bitkilerin beslenme durumları arasındaki ilişkiler. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Foresty, 23 (3): 729–740.Jorhem, L., & Sundström, B. (1993). Levels of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, manganese, and cobalt in foods on the swedish market, 1983–1990. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 6, 3, 223-241.Kacar, B., & Katkat, A.V. (2007). Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayın No. 849.Keutgen, A.J., & Pawelzik, E. (2008). Quality and nutritional value of strawberry fruit under long term salt stress. Food Chemistry. 1007, 1413-1420.Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M. N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D. M., Critchley, A. T., Craigie, J. S., Norrie, J., & Prithiviraj, B. (2009). Seaweed extract as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J. Plan Growth Regul, 28, 386-399.Khan, H.R., McDonald, G. K., & Rengel, Z. (2004). Zinc fertilization and water stress affects plant water relations, stomatal conductance and osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.). Plant and Soil 267, 271-284.Klamkowski, K., & Treder, W. (2006). Morphological and physiological responses of strawberry plants to water stress. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 71, 4, 159-165.Kunicki, E., Grabowska, A., Sekara, A., Wojciechowska, R. (2010). The effect of cultivar type, time of cultivation, and biostimulant treatment on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Folia Hortic. 22:9–13.Krouk, G., Lacombe, B., Bielach, A., Perrine-Walker, F., Malinska, K., Mounier, E., Hoyerova, K., Tillard, P., Leon, S., Ljung, K., Zazimalova, E., Benkova, E., Nacry, P., & Gojon, A. (2010). Nitrate-regulated auxin transport by NRT1. 1 defines a mechanism for nutrient sensing in plants. Dev. Cell 18, 927-937.Mahouachi, J. (2007). Growth and mineral nutrient content of developing fruit on banana plants (Musa acuminata AAA, ‘Grand Nain’) subjected to water stress and recovery. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 82, 839-844.Mancuso, S., Azzarello, E., Mugnai, S., & Briand, X. (2006). Marine bioactive substances (IPA extract) improve foliar ion uptake and water stres tolerance in potted Vitis vinifera plants. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 20, 156-161.May, G.M., & Pritts, M. P. (1993). Phosphorus, zich, and boron influence yield components in ‘Earliglow’ strawberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118(1): 43-49.Mills, H.A., & Jones Jr, J. B. (1996). Plant Analysis Handbook II. A Practical Sampling, Preparation, Analysis, and Interpretation Guide. Micro-Macro Publishing, Athens.Osório, J., Osório, M. L., Correia, P. J., de Varennes, A., & Pestana, M. (2014). Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging as a tool to understand the impact of iron deficiency and resupply on photosynthetic performance of strawberry plants. Sci Hortic. 165: 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.10.042Perin, E. C., Messıas, R. D. S., Gallı, V., Borowskı, J. C., Souza, E. R. D., Avıla, L. O. D., Bamberg, A.L., & Rombaldı, C. V. (2019). Mineral content and antioxidant compounds in strawberry fruit submitted to drough stress. Food Science and Technology. httpsI://doi.org/10.1590/fst.09717.Pessarakli, M. (1999). Handbook of plant and crop stress Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. New York Marcel Dekker. ISBN: 0-8247-1948-4.Schmidt, R.E., Ervin, E.H., & Zhang, X. (2003). Questions and answers about biostimulants. Golf Course Manage 71:91–94.Seferoğlu, S., & Kaptan, M.A. (2010). Camarosa çilek çeşitinde besin maddelerinin mevsimsel değişimi. 5. bitki besleme ve gübre kongresi bildirileri. Sayfa:203-209.Sharma, S.S.H., Fleming, C., Selby, C. (2014). Plant biostimulants: a review on the processing of macroalgae and use of extracts for crop management to reduce abiotic and biotic stresses. J Appl Phycol. 26:465–490. doi: 10.1007/s10811-013-0101-9.Spinelli, F., Fiori, G., Noferini, M., Sprocatti, M., & Costa, G. (2010). A novel type of seaweed extract as a natural alternative to the use of iron chelates in strawberry production. Sci Hortic. 125:63–269.Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., & Ogaya, R. (2008). Drought’s impact on Ca, Fe, Mg, Mo and S concentration and accumulation patterns in the plants and soil of a Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex forest. Biogeochemistry 87, 49-69.Sarıdaş, M. (2013). Farkli dozlarda kalsiyum uygulamalarinin bazi çilek çeşitlerinde meyve verim ve kalite kriterleri ile yapraklardaki besin element konsantrasyonlari üzerine etkileri. Ç.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst. Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı YL tezi. Adana/TürkiyeSato, S., Sakaguchi, S., Furukawa, H., & Ikeda, H. (2006). Effects of NaCl application to hydroponic nutrient solution on fruit characteristic of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Scientific Horticulture, 109. 248-253.Şenyigit, U., Erdal, I., Ozdemir, F., Kucukyumuk, Z., & Kadayıfcı, A. (2012). Effects of different irrigation methods on leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations of young apple varieties grafted on M9 rootstock. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 18 (No 3), 362-369.Tahvonen, R. (1993). Contents of selected elements in some fruits, berries and vegetables on the Finnish market in 1987–1989. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 6, 75–86.Tanaka, A., Watanabe, N., & Ishizuka, Y. (1969). A critical study of the phosphorus concentration in the soil solution of submerged soils. J Soil Sci Manure Jpn 406.Turan, M., & Köse, C. (2004). Seaweed extracts improve copper uptake of grapevine. Acta Agric. Scand. Plant Sci. 54, 213-220.TÜİK, 2019. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri Veri Tabanı. http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001,, Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2019.Uzunoğlu Bulduk, E., & Erdal, İ. (2012). Genotipsel farklılığın çileğin mineral beslenmesi üzerine etkisi. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi, 29 (1):59-70.Vernieri, P., Borghesi, E., Ferrante, A., & Magnani, G. (2005). Application of biostimulants in floating system for improving rocket quality. J Food Agric Environ 3:86–88.Zipori, I., Yermiyahu, U., Erel, R., Presnov, E., Faingold, I., Ben-Gal, A., & Dag, A. (2015). The influence of irrigation level on olive tree nutritional status. Irrig Sci. 33: 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-015-0465-5.