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Genç Elma Ağaçları için Uygun Malç-Sulama Programı Kombinasyonunun Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 628 - 638, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.731093

Öz

Su kaynakları için talep giderek artmaktadır ve tarımsal üretimde sulama suyu tasarrufu sağlayan ve verim, ürün kalitesi, büyüme ve gelişme üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olmayan yetiştirme tekniklerine olan ilgi de artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, MM106 anaçlı Fuji elma çeşidinde farklı malç uygulamaları (siyah taban örtüsü, gül posası işleme atığı, buğday samanı ve malçsız konu-kontrol) ve sulama programlarının sulama suyu, evapotranspirasyon, sürgün çapı, sürgün sayısı, sürgün uzunluğu, yaprak alan indeksi ve gövde kesit alanı üzerinde etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Her bir malç uygulaması için üç farklı sulama programı (sulamaya etkili kök derinliği bölgesindeki elverişli suyun %20, 40 ve 60’ı tüketildiğinde başlama) en uygun sulama programını belirlemek için denenmiştir. En yüksek vejetatif gelişim malç uygulamalarında ve sık sulama yapılan 1. sulama programlarında elde edilmiştir. Tavsiye edilen sulama programı su kaynaklarının elverişli ve yeterli olduğu bölgelerde 1. sulama programıdır. Elverişli su kaynakları miktarının yetersiz olduğu zamanlarda ise malç uygulamalarıyla birlikte 2. sulama programı da uygulanabilir. Malç uygulamalarından elde edilen su tasarrufu miktarı control konusuna göre 2009, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında sırasıyla 22.0-31.3%, 21.2-28.7% and 17.8-23.5% arasında değişmiştir. Su tasarrufu ve vejetatif gelişim sonuçlarına göre genç elma ağaçları için siyah taban örtüsü en uygun malç materyali olarak belirlenmiştir. Gül posası işleme atıkları ve buğday samanı da malç materyali olarak kullanılabilir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Numarası

BBMB-11-01

Teşekkür

Projeyi destekleyen Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Barragan, J., & Wu, I. P. (2001). Optimal scheduling of a micro irrigation system under deficit irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80 (2) 201-208.
  • Buban, T., Helmeczi, B., Papp, J., Dorgo, E., Jakab, I., Kajati, I. & Merwin, I. (1996, July). IFP-compatible ground-cover management systems in a new-planted apple orchard Paper presented at the Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, 19(4):263-267, Crackow, Poland.
  • Cohen, S. & Naor, A. (2002). The Effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductivity. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25(1), 17-28.
  • Çay, Ş., Tarı, A. F., Dinç, N., Bitgi, S., Özbahçe, A., Palta, Ç., & Okur, O. (2009). Effects of different irrigation programmes on yield and quality characteristics of Granny Smith apple variety grafted onto M9 rootstock. Journal of Agriculture Sciences Researches, 2(2), 73-79.
  • FAO, 2019). Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2020
  • Hegazi A. & Ogier, J.P. (2000). Plastic mulching for weed control and water economy in vineyards. Acta Horticulturae 2000, (536,) 245-250.
  • Hogue, E. J., Kuchta, S., Neilsen, G. H., Forge, T. & Neilsen, D. (2005, June). Improving yield and soil quality with mulches and amendments in orchards Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Third National Organic Tree Fruit Research Symposium, 6-8 June 2005, p. 76-77, Campbell’s Resort, Chelan, WA.
  • James, L.G. (1988). Principles of Farm Irrigation System Design. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA.
  • Kanber, R. (2002). Irrigation. Çukurova University Agriculture Faculty General Publication Number:174, Lesson books No:A-52, Adana, 530 p.
  • Kılıç, C., & Anaç, D. (2005, October). The relationship between potassium fertilization and phsyological parameters of satsuma mandarine under salt stress Paper presented at the Workshop on Potassium, 3-4 October 2005, p. 188-195, Eskişehir, Turkey.
  • Kocaçalışkan, İ. (2005). Plant Physiology. 5th ed. Academic Pres, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya-Turkey, 318 p.
  • Küçükyumuk, C., & Ay. Z. (2010, June). Meyve yetiştiriciliğinde yüzey sulama yönteminden damla sulama yöntemine geçişte yapılan hatalar ve çözüm yolları Paper presented at the 1. Ulusal Toprak ve Su Kaynakları Kongresi, 1-4 Haziran 2010, Eskişehir, (sözlü bildiri), Bildiriler kitabı, s: 232-237.
  • Kviklys, D., Rumpunen, K., & Ruisa, S. (2004). Mulching systems and weed control in Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles japonica LDL.) Plantations. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12, 125-132.
  • Lakso, A. N. (2003). Water Relations of Apples. p. 67-194. In Apples, CABI Publishing. Cambridge, USA. ISBN 0 85199 592 6.
  • Li, S. X., Wang, Z. H., Li, S. Q., Gao, Y.J. & Tian, X.H. (2013). Effect of plastic sheet mulch, wheat straw mulch, and maize growth on water loss by evaporation in dry land areas of China. Agricultural Water Management, 116, 39-49.
  • Naor, A. (2006). Irrigation scheduling and evaluation of tree water status in deciduous orchards. In: Janick, J. (Ed.), Horticultural Reviewers, 32, 111-165.
  • Naor, A., Naschitz, S., Peres, M. & Gal., Y. (2008). Responses of apple fruit size to tree water status and crop load. Tree Physiology, 28, 1255-1261.
  • Neilsen, G., Hogue, E.J., Forge, T., & Neilsen, D. (2003). Mulches and biosolids affect vigour, yield and leaf nutrition of fertigated high density apple. Hortscience, 38(1), 41-45.
  • Önder, S., Kanber, R., Önder, D., & Kapur, B. (2005, September). The differences of possibility of global climate changing on irrigation methods and management techniques. Paper presented at the GAP IV. Congress of Agriculture, 21–23 September 2005, p. 1128-1135. Şanlıurfa.
  • Phadung, T., Nilnond, S., Phavaphutanon, L., & Thongpae, S. (2005). Effects of irrigation and mulching materails on growth, yield and berry quality of “Perlette” grape Paper presented at the Proceeding of 43rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference, p. 459-466. Thailand, 1-4 Feb., 2005.
  • Treder, W., Klamkowski, K., Mika, A., & Wojcik, P. (2004). Response of young apple trees to different orchard floor management systems. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12, 113-122.
  • TUİK, 2019. TUİK Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2020
  • Uçar, Y., Kadayıfçı, A., Aşkın, M.A., Kankaya, A., Şenyiğit, U., & Yıldırım, F. (2009). The Effect of Different Irrigation Programs On Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Parameters of Young Dwarf Apple Varieties (final report). Project number: TUBİTAK-TOVAG 105-O-538, 197 p.
  • U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkalin Soils. Agricultural Hanbook No: 60.
  • Ünlü, M. (2000). Determining of water consumption of cotton and crop coefficients bu micrometeorological methods in Çukurova conditions (PhD). Çukurova University Natural Applied Science.
  • Yazgan, S., Büyükcangaz, H., Demirtaş, Ç., & Candoğan, B. N. (2004). The effects of different irrigation programme on vegetative development parameters and plant water consumption in young sweet cherry trees. Uludağ University Agriculture Faculty Publication, 18(2), 1-12.
  • Yıldırım, O. (2005). Irrigation Systems Design. Ankara University Agriculture Faculty Publications: 1542, Lesson Book:495, Ankara, 348 p. Zambreno, K., Hoover, E., Poppe, S. &Propsom, F. (2005, June). Organic mulches affect soil moisture and temperature during establishment of apple trees Paper presented at the Proceedings 3rd National Organic Tree Fruit Research Symposium. June 6-8, 2005, p. 74-75. Chelan, Washington. Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA. In: Granatstein, D. and A. Azarenko (eds.).

Determination of the Optimum Mulch-Irrigation Program Combination for Young Apple Trees

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 628 - 638, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.731093

Öz

The gradual increase demand for water resources, the interest for growing techniques provides irrigation water saving in agricultural production and have no undesired impacts on yield, crop quality, growth and development. This study determined the effects of different mulch materials (black textile, rose oil processing wastes, wheat straw, and no mulch) and irrigation programs on growth of in an orchard for Fuji apple variety grafted on MM106 rootstock on irrigation water, water consumption, shoot number, shoot diameter, shoot length, leaf area index and trunk cross-sectional area. The highest vegetative development was obtained at mulch treatments and frequently irrigated 1st irrigation program. 1st irrigation program was determined as recommended irrigation when the available water resources are sufficient and also 2nd irrigation program together with mulch materials when available water resources are scarce. Each mulch treatment saved water compared to control as 22.0-31.3%, 21.2-28.7% and 17.8-23.5% in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Black textile was determined the most suitable mulch material for young apple trees according to results of water saving and vegetative development. Rose oil processing wastes and straw also can be used as mulch materials.

Proje Numarası

BBMB-11-01

Kaynakça

  • Barragan, J., & Wu, I. P. (2001). Optimal scheduling of a micro irrigation system under deficit irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80 (2) 201-208.
  • Buban, T., Helmeczi, B., Papp, J., Dorgo, E., Jakab, I., Kajati, I. & Merwin, I. (1996, July). IFP-compatible ground-cover management systems in a new-planted apple orchard Paper presented at the Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, 19(4):263-267, Crackow, Poland.
  • Cohen, S. & Naor, A. (2002). The Effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductivity. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25(1), 17-28.
  • Çay, Ş., Tarı, A. F., Dinç, N., Bitgi, S., Özbahçe, A., Palta, Ç., & Okur, O. (2009). Effects of different irrigation programmes on yield and quality characteristics of Granny Smith apple variety grafted onto M9 rootstock. Journal of Agriculture Sciences Researches, 2(2), 73-79.
  • FAO, 2019). Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2020
  • Hegazi A. & Ogier, J.P. (2000). Plastic mulching for weed control and water economy in vineyards. Acta Horticulturae 2000, (536,) 245-250.
  • Hogue, E. J., Kuchta, S., Neilsen, G. H., Forge, T. & Neilsen, D. (2005, June). Improving yield and soil quality with mulches and amendments in orchards Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Third National Organic Tree Fruit Research Symposium, 6-8 June 2005, p. 76-77, Campbell’s Resort, Chelan, WA.
  • James, L.G. (1988). Principles of Farm Irrigation System Design. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA.
  • Kanber, R. (2002). Irrigation. Çukurova University Agriculture Faculty General Publication Number:174, Lesson books No:A-52, Adana, 530 p.
  • Kılıç, C., & Anaç, D. (2005, October). The relationship between potassium fertilization and phsyological parameters of satsuma mandarine under salt stress Paper presented at the Workshop on Potassium, 3-4 October 2005, p. 188-195, Eskişehir, Turkey.
  • Kocaçalışkan, İ. (2005). Plant Physiology. 5th ed. Academic Pres, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya-Turkey, 318 p.
  • Küçükyumuk, C., & Ay. Z. (2010, June). Meyve yetiştiriciliğinde yüzey sulama yönteminden damla sulama yöntemine geçişte yapılan hatalar ve çözüm yolları Paper presented at the 1. Ulusal Toprak ve Su Kaynakları Kongresi, 1-4 Haziran 2010, Eskişehir, (sözlü bildiri), Bildiriler kitabı, s: 232-237.
  • Kviklys, D., Rumpunen, K., & Ruisa, S. (2004). Mulching systems and weed control in Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles japonica LDL.) Plantations. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12, 125-132.
  • Lakso, A. N. (2003). Water Relations of Apples. p. 67-194. In Apples, CABI Publishing. Cambridge, USA. ISBN 0 85199 592 6.
  • Li, S. X., Wang, Z. H., Li, S. Q., Gao, Y.J. & Tian, X.H. (2013). Effect of plastic sheet mulch, wheat straw mulch, and maize growth on water loss by evaporation in dry land areas of China. Agricultural Water Management, 116, 39-49.
  • Naor, A. (2006). Irrigation scheduling and evaluation of tree water status in deciduous orchards. In: Janick, J. (Ed.), Horticultural Reviewers, 32, 111-165.
  • Naor, A., Naschitz, S., Peres, M. & Gal., Y. (2008). Responses of apple fruit size to tree water status and crop load. Tree Physiology, 28, 1255-1261.
  • Neilsen, G., Hogue, E.J., Forge, T., & Neilsen, D. (2003). Mulches and biosolids affect vigour, yield and leaf nutrition of fertigated high density apple. Hortscience, 38(1), 41-45.
  • Önder, S., Kanber, R., Önder, D., & Kapur, B. (2005, September). The differences of possibility of global climate changing on irrigation methods and management techniques. Paper presented at the GAP IV. Congress of Agriculture, 21–23 September 2005, p. 1128-1135. Şanlıurfa.
  • Phadung, T., Nilnond, S., Phavaphutanon, L., & Thongpae, S. (2005). Effects of irrigation and mulching materails on growth, yield and berry quality of “Perlette” grape Paper presented at the Proceeding of 43rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference, p. 459-466. Thailand, 1-4 Feb., 2005.
  • Treder, W., Klamkowski, K., Mika, A., & Wojcik, P. (2004). Response of young apple trees to different orchard floor management systems. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12, 113-122.
  • TUİK, 2019. TUİK Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2020
  • Uçar, Y., Kadayıfçı, A., Aşkın, M.A., Kankaya, A., Şenyiğit, U., & Yıldırım, F. (2009). The Effect of Different Irrigation Programs On Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Parameters of Young Dwarf Apple Varieties (final report). Project number: TUBİTAK-TOVAG 105-O-538, 197 p.
  • U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkalin Soils. Agricultural Hanbook No: 60.
  • Ünlü, M. (2000). Determining of water consumption of cotton and crop coefficients bu micrometeorological methods in Çukurova conditions (PhD). Çukurova University Natural Applied Science.
  • Yazgan, S., Büyükcangaz, H., Demirtaş, Ç., & Candoğan, B. N. (2004). The effects of different irrigation programme on vegetative development parameters and plant water consumption in young sweet cherry trees. Uludağ University Agriculture Faculty Publication, 18(2), 1-12.
  • Yıldırım, O. (2005). Irrigation Systems Design. Ankara University Agriculture Faculty Publications: 1542, Lesson Book:495, Ankara, 348 p. Zambreno, K., Hoover, E., Poppe, S. &Propsom, F. (2005, June). Organic mulches affect soil moisture and temperature during establishment of apple trees Paper presented at the Proceedings 3rd National Organic Tree Fruit Research Symposium. June 6-8, 2005, p. 74-75. Chelan, Washington. Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA. In: Granatstein, D. and A. Azarenko (eds.).
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cenk Küçükyumuk 0000-0002-0728-059X

Halit Yıldız 0000-0001-7922-9366

Proje Numarası BBMB-11-01
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçükyumuk, C., & Yıldız, H. (2020). Determination of the Optimum Mulch-Irrigation Program Combination for Young Apple Trees. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(3), 628-638. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.731093

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