Influence of Groundnut Waste as Substrate and Host Plant on Inoculum Production of Endophytic Mycorrhiza for Large Scale Agricultural Application

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 690 - 698, 15.09.2021

Ashish Kumar , Ashok Aggarwal Navnita Sharma Anil Gupta

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.910233

Cited By: 1

Öz

A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil amendment with different forms of groundnut waste on spore population and root infection of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal species i.e. Glomus mosseae under polyhouse conditions. Two angiospermic plant species viz. sorghum and sesame were also examined for mycorrhization potential in the study. Observations were made for percent root colonization, spore density of AM fungi and the effectiveness of AM fungi on the shoot and root biomass of both host plants. The results indicated that AM fungal spore population and colonization levels were substantially enhanced by the application of compost groundnut waste as a substrate over dry groundnut waste. Among growth parameters, plant height, root length and plant biomass were recorded more in sorghum than Sesame. On the whole, mycorrhization was reported the highest with 75 g/pot concentration of waste. Also, Sorghum appeared to be a better host than sesame.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Groundnut waste, Root colonization

Büyük ölçekli tarımsal uygulama için endofiz mikorrhizasının inokülum üretimi üzerinde substrat ve konak bitki olarak yer fıstığı atıklarının etkisi

Öz

Farklı yerfıstığı atığı formları ile ıslah edilen toprakların, sera koşullarında yerli Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus türlerinin, yani Glomus mosseae'nin spor popülasyonu ve kök enfeksiyonu üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için bir saksı kültürü deneyi yapılmıştır. İki anjiyospermik bitki türü olan sorghum ve susam bitkileri de çalışmada mikoriza potansiyeli açısından incelenmiştir. Her iki konukçu bitkinin sürgün ve kök biyokütlesi üzerinde yüzde kök kolonizasyonu, AM funguslarının spor yoğunluğunu ve AM funguslarının etkinliğini tespit etmek için gözlemler yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kuru yerfıstığı atığı üzerine bir substrat olarak kompost yerfıstığı atığının uygulanmasıyla AM fungus spor popülasyonunun ve kolonizasyon seviyelerinin önemli ölçüde arttığını göstermiştir. Büyüme parametreleri arasından bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu ve bitki biyokütlesi sorgum bitkisinde susama göre daha fazla kaydedilmiştir. Genel olarak, en yüksek mikorizamiktarı 75 g/saksı atık konsantrasyonunda tespit edildi. Ayrıca, sorgum bitkisinin susam bitkisinden daha iyi bir konukçu olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arbuscular mikorzal funguslar, Groundnut atıkları, Kök kolonizasyonu

Kaynakça

• Bawadekji, A., Al-Barakah, F.N. & Mridha, A. (2016). New hosts for large scale inoculum production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from Saudi soils. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(9): 111-115.
• Carrenho, R., Trufem, S.F.B. & Bononi, V.L.R. (2002). Effects of using different host plants on the detected biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from an agroecosystem. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 25(1): 93-101.
• Coelho, I.R., Pedone-Bonfim, M.V.L., Silva, F.S.B. & Maia, L.C. (2014). Optimization of the production of mycorrhizal inoculum on substrate with organic fertilizer. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 45 (4): 1173-1178.
• Eman, A.A., Monem, A.E., Saleh, M.M.S. & Mostafa, E.A.M. (2008). Minimizing the quantity of mineral nitrogen fertilization grapevine by using humic acid, organic and biofertilizers. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4(1): 46-50.
• Gerdemann, J.W. & Nicolson, Y.H. (1963). Spores of mycorrhizae Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 46: 235–244.
• Guzmán, Á.S., Delvasto, A. & Sánchez, E.V. (2015). Valorization of rice straw waste: an alternative ceramic raw material. Cerâmica, 61: 126–136.
• Hoagland, D.R. & Arnon, D.I. (1950). The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular, 347: 1–32.
• Kadian, N., Yadav, k. & Aggarwal, A. (2018). Mass multiplication of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with some leguminous plants: an ecofriendly approach. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 56: 258-266.
• Kaushish, S., Kumar, A., Mangla, C. & Aggarwal, A. (2011). Mass multiplication of AM inoculum: Effect of hosts and substrates in rapid culturing of Acaulospora laevis. Indian Phytopathology, 64(2): 159-163.
• Kumar, A., Gupta, A., Aggarwal, A. & Bhargav, V. (2020). Efficacy of bioinoculants on biomass, nutritional status and yield of lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 29 (1): 59-66.
• Kumar, A., Gupta, A., Aggarwal, A. & Jangra, E. (2018). Symbiotic and synergistic efficiency of bioinoculants on Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. International Journal of Life Sciences Research, 6 (2): 19-27.
• Labidi, S., Nasr, H., Zouaghi, M. & Wallander, H. (2007). Effects of compost addition on extra-radical growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana savanna in a pre-Saharan area. Applied Soil Ecology, 35:184–192.
• Lermen, C., Cruz, R.M.S., Souza Gonçalves, C.H., Cruz, G.L.S., Silva, G.P.A. & Alberton, O. (2019). Growth of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) under contrasting phosphorus levels. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 13(2): 266-271
• Mangla, C., Kumar, A. & Aggarwal, A. (2012). Inoculum production of endophytic mycorrhiza using mustard seed waste as substrate. Journal of New Biological Reports, 1(2): 61-66.
• Menge, J.A. & Timmer, L.M. (1982). Procedure for inoculation of plants with VAM in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. In: Schenck NC (ed) Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research, American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 59–68.
• Mukerji, K.G., Manoharachary, C. & Chamola, B.P. (2002). Techniques in mycorrhizal studies. 1ST (ed), Kulwer Academic Publishers, London, 285- 296.
• Musekiwa, P., Moyo, L.B., Mamvura, T.A., Danha, G., Simate, G.S. & Hlabangana, N. (2020). Optimization of pulp production from groundnut shells using chemical pulping at low temperatures. Heliyon, 6: 1-9.
• Muthukumar, T. & Udaiyan, K. (2002). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition in semi-arid soils of Western Ghats, Southern India. Mycorrhiza, 82: 624–627.
• Phillips, J.M. & Hayman, D.S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 55, 158–161.
• Prasad, P.V.V., Kakani, V.G. & Upadhyaya, H.D. (2009). Growth and production of Groundnut, In: Verheye, W. H. (ed.), Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK, 1-30.
• Puschel, D., Janouskova,M., Hujslova,M., Slavikova, R., Gryndlerova, H. & Jansa,. J. (2016). Plant–fungus competition for nitrogen erases mycorrhizal growth benefits of Andropogon gerardii under limited nitrogen supply. Ecology and Evolution, 6(13): 4332-4346.
• Ramgopal, Y., Chaitanya, V. & Chowdary, M. (2016). A study on production of pulp from ground nut shells. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 7 (6): 423–428.
• Rangeley, A., Daft, M.J. & Newbould, P. (1982). The inoculation of white clover with mycorrhizal fungi in unsterile hill soil. New Phytologist, 92: 89-102.
• Schenck, N.C. & Perez, Y. (1990). Manual for the identification of VA mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. University of Florida, Synergistic Pub Florida, USA, 241.
• Selvaraj, T. & Chellappan, P. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizae: A diverse personality. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(2): 349-358
• Sharma, N., Yadav, K. & Aggarwal, A. (2017a.). Role of potassium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of water stress on Vigna mungo. Environmental and Experimental Biology, 15: 15–24.
• Sharma, N., Yadav, K. & Aggarwal, A. (2017b). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance growth, physiological parameters and yield of salt stressed Phaseolus mungo (L.) Hepper. European Journal of Environmental Sciences, 7(1): 5–13.
• Sharma, S., Sharma, S. & Aggarwal, A. (2015). Screening of different hosts and substrates for inocula production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza News, 27(1): 6-12.
• Tanwar, A., Aggarwal, A., Yadav, A. & Parkash, V. (2013). Screening and selection of efficient host and sugarcane bagasse as substrate for mass multiplication of Funneliformis mosseae. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 29(2): 107-117.
• Tanwar, A., Kumar, A., Mangla, C. & Aggarwal, A. (2010). Mass multipication of Glomus mosseae using different hosts and substrates. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 40(2): 306-308.
• Torkashvand, A. M., Alidoust, M. & Khomami, M. A. (2015). The reuse of peanut organic wastes as a growth medium for ornamental plants. International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture, 4: 85–94.
• Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil, 255: 571-586.
• Zheng, W., Phoungthong, K., Lü, F., Shao, L.M. & He, P.J. (2013). Evaluation of a classification method for biodegradable solid wastes using anaerobic degradation parameters. Waste Management, 33 (12): 2632–2640.