Different Efficient Responses of Sorghum and Maize Varieties to Different Irrigation Systems

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 605 - 617, 31.12.2023

Masoud Torabi , Mohsen Heidarisoltanabadi , Rouhollah Daneshvar Rad , Hosein Heidari Sharifabad , Reza Azizinezhad , Hamidreza Salemi

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1319741

Öz

Drought is one of the most common abiotic stressors in the agricultural community. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of drought on sorghum and maize seedlings. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates over two years in Isfahan, Iran. Investigational treatments include three-tier drought stress for two varieties of each plant species. The results demonstrate that the highest energy productivity of fresh forage was obtained in the Pegah variety of sorghum (1.49 kg Mj-1) and the lowest was obtained in the Maxima variety of maize (0.52 kg Mj-1).With 60% irrigation, the lowest water productivity of fresh and dry fodder in maize was found in the Maxima variety (8.32 kg m-3) and the 704 variety (2.15 kg m-3). However, sorghum in the Pegah cultivar at 60% irrigation had the highest water productivity when it came to wet and dry fodder, with an average of 25.45 kg m-3 and 7.57 kg m-3, respectively. These results clearly show that in the aspect of energy consumption and production, sorghum was able to optimally convert the consumed energy into more fodder. On the other hand, the Pegah variety in sorghum, having the highest energy efficiency of dry fodder regardless of the amount of water used, was a more suitable plant to choose for planting in areas with water shortage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Efficiency, Irrigation, Quality, Nutritional compositions, Yield

Kaynakça

• Abadia, R., Rocamora, C., Ruiz, A., & Puerto, H. (2008). Energy efficiency in irrigation distribution networks I: theory. Biosystems Engineering, 101(1), 21-27.
• Abbas, M., Abdel-Lattif, H., & Shahba, M. (2021). Ameliorative effects of calcium sprays on yield and grain nutritional composition of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought stress. Agriculture, 11(4), 285.
• Admasu, R., Michael, A. W., & Hordofa, T. (2019). Effect of moisture stress on maize (Zea Mays L.) yield and water productivity. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res, 16(4), 555945.
• Allahdadi, M., & Bahreininejad, B. (2019). Effects of water stress on growth parameters and forage quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.). Iran Agricultural Research, 38(2), 101-110.
• Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300(9), D05109.
• AOAC. (1995). Official methods of analysis. Animal Feed. Chapter, 16th edition. AOAC International Arlington VI, USA. 30 pp.
• Bazaluket, O., Havrysh, V., Fedorchuk, M., & Nitsenko, V. (2021). Energy assessment of sorghum cultivation in Southern Ukraine. Agriculture, 11(8), 695.
• Bekele, S., & Tilahun, K. (2007). Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of onion in a semiarid region of Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management, 89(1-2), 148-152.
• Bonin, C. L., Heaton, E. A., Cogdill, T. J., & Moore, K. J. (2016). Management of sweet sorghum for biomass production. Sugar tech, 18, 150-159.
• Bray, E. A. (2000). Responses to abiotic stresses. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, 1158-1203. Bremner, J. M. (1982). Total nitrogen. Methods of soil analysis, 595-624.
• Caballero, R., Goicoechea, E. L., & Hernaiz, P. J. (1995). Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of vetch. Field Crops Research, 41(2), 135-140.
• Cakir, R. (2004). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research, 89(1), 1-16.
• Calejo, M. J., Lamaddalena, N., Teixeira, J. L., & Pereira, L. S. (2008). Performance analysis of pressurized irrigation systems operating on-demand using flow-driven simulation models. Agricultural Water Management, 95(2), 154-162.
• Curran, B., & Posch, J. (2000). Agronomic management of silage for yield and quality: Silage cutting height.
• Daddersan, M., Chayi-Chi, M. R., Hosseini, S. M. B., Pourbabai, A. A., & Yazdani, D. (2016). The effect of fertilizer sources (chemical, biological and combined) and low irrigation regimes on the qualitative characteristics of fodder and the amount of trigonelline in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L). Journal of Ecological Agriculture, 7(1): 33-49
• Dirwai, T. L., Senzanje, A., & Mabhaudhi, T. (2021). Calibration and evaluation of the FAO aquacrop model for Canola (brassica napus) under varied moistube irrigation regimes. Agriculture, 11(5), 410.
• Erdal, G., Esengün, K., Erdal, H., & Gündüz, O. (2007). Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy, 32(1), 35-41.
• FAO. (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT statistics database.
• Farré, I., & Faci, J. M. (2006). Comparative response of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural Water Management, 83(1-2), 135-143.
• Farahmandfar, M., Sharifi, P., & Safarzadeh, V. M. (2018). Effects of potassium sulphate fertilizer rates on some of qualitative and quantitative traits of forage corn (Zea mays L.) in different irrigation regimes.
• Galeano, E., Vasconcelos, T. S., Novais de Oliveira, P., & Carrer, H. (2019). Physiological and molecular responses to drought stress in teak (Tectona grandis Lf). PLoS One, 14(9), e0221571.
• Garofalo, P., D’Andrea, L., Vonella, A., Rinaldi, M., & Palumbo, A. (2016). Sweet Sorghum in a bioetanol supply chain: effects of different soil and nitrogen management on energy performances and greenhouse gas emissions. Ital. J. Agrometeorol, 2, 15-24.
• Gomaa, M. A., Kandil, E. E., El-Dein, A. A., Abou-Donia, M. E., Ali, H. M., & Abdelsalam, N. R. (2021). Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-8.
• Hajibabaei, M., & Azizi, F. (2014). Effect of irrigation regimes on Morphophysiological characteristics and yield of forage corn hybrids. Crop Physiology Journal, 6(22), 89-100.
• Hatirli, S. A., Ozkan, B., & Fert, C. (2006). Energy inputs and crop yield relationship in greenhouse tomato production. Renewable Energy, 31(4), 427-438.
• Hatipoğlu, İ. H., Ak, B. E., Dikmetaş, B., & Doğan, M. (2022). Investigations of Some Morphological, Pomological, and Physiological Parameters with Mineral Content of Different Rosa L. Taxa Grown under Greenhouse Condition. Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci), 32(4).
• Howell, T. A., Yazar, A., Schneider, A. D., Dusek, D. A., & Copeland, K. S. (1995). Yield and water use efficiency of corn in response to LEPA irrigation. Transactions of the ASAE, 38(6), 1737-1747.
• Jabereldar, A. A., El Naim, A. M., Abdalla, A. A., & Dagash, Y. M. (2017). Effect of water stress on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in semi-arid environment. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 7(1), 1-6.
• Jahanzad, E., Jorat, M., Moghadam, H., Sadeghpour, A., Chaichi, M. R., & Dashtaki, M. (2013). Response of a new and a commonly grown forage sorghum cultivar to limited irrigation and planting density. Agricultural Water Management, 117, 62-69.
• Jama, A. O., & Ottman, M. J. (1993). Timing of the first irrigation in corn and water stress conditioning. Agronomy Journal, 85(6), 1159-1164.
• Javadi, H., & Esfahani, S. M. J. (2023). Energy Flow and Greenhouse Gases Emission of Crop Production Systems in South Khorasan Province. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 24(10), 1-17.
• Jensen, K. B., Waldron, B. L., Peel, M. D., Robins, J. G., & Monaco, T. A. (2007, August). Forage quality of irrigated pasture species as affected by irrigation rate. In the eucarpia symposium on improvement of fodder crops and amenity grasses (p. 121).
• Jose, R. Pardales, J., & Yasuhiro, K. (1990). Development of sorghum root system under increasing drought stress. Japan J. Crop Sci., 59(4), 752-761.
• Karam, F.‚ Lahoud, R., Masood‚ R.‚ Kabalan‚ R., Breid, J.‚ Chalita, C.‚ & Rouphael, Y. (2007). Evaporanspiration‚ seed yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigation sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Agriculturial Water Management, 90, 213- 223.
• Khadra, R., & Lamaddalena, N. (2006). A simulation model to generate the demand hydrographs in large-scale irrigation systems. Biosystems Engineering, 93(3), 335-346.
• Khalil, Z., Salem, A., & Sultan, F. (2015). Water stress tolerance of fodder cowpea as influenced by various added levels of potassium sulphate. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 6(2), 213-231.
• Klocke, N., & Currie, R. (2009). Corn and grain sorghum production with limited irrigation. In Proceedings of the 21st annual Central Plains irrigation conference, Colby Kansas, February 24-25, 2009. Colorado State University. Libraries.
• Lamaddalena, N., & Pereira, L. S. (2007). Assessing the impact of flow regulators with a pressure-driven performance analysis model. Agricultural water management, 90(1-2), 27-35.
• Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasilakoglou, I. B., Dhima, K. V., Dordas, C. A., & Yiakoulaki, M. D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research, 99(2-3), 106-113.
• Lopez-Malvar, A., Malvar, R. A., Butron, A., Revilla, P., Pereira-Crespo, S., & Santiago, R. (2021). Genetic dissection for maize forage digestibility traits in a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population. Agronomy, 11(1), 104.
• Marsalis, M. A., Angadi, S., Contreras-Govea, F. E., & Kirksey, R. E. (2009). Harvest timing and byproduct addition effects on corn and forage sorghum silage grown under water stress. Bulletin, 799.
• Mokhtarpour, H., Kashiri, M., & Anaghli, A. (2000). Evaluation of domestic cultivars of forage sorghum in comparison with Speedfeed hybrid cultivar. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 7(4), 84-73.
• Mousavi-Avval, S. H., Rafiee, S., Jafari, A., & Mohammadi, A. (2011). Improving energy use efficiency of canola production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Energy, 36(5), 2765-2772.
• Mustafa, M. A., Mabhaudhi, T., Avvari, M. V., & Massawe, F. (2021). Transition toward sustainable food systems: A holistic pathway toward sustainable development. In Food security and nutrition (pp. 33-56). Academic Press.
• Nouri, E., Matinizadeh, M., Moshki, A., Zolfaghari, A., Rajaei, S., & Janoušková, M. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit drought-stressed S alsola laricina. Plant Ecology, 221, 683-694.
• Ozkan, B., Akcaoz, H., & Fert, C. (2004). Energy input–output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy, 29(1), 39-51.
• Passioura, J. (2006). Increasing crop productivity when water is scarce-from breeding to field management. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1-3), 176-196.
• Ren, L. T., Wei, T. Y., & Xie, G. H. (2012). Evaluation of energy input and output of sweet sorghum grown as a bioenergy crop on coastal saline-alkali land. Energy, 47(1), 166-173.
• Rostamza, M., Chaichi, M. R., Jahansooz, M. R., Mashhadi, H. R., & Sharifi, H. R. (2011). Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer on multi-cut forage pearl millet yield, nitrogen, and water use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(20), 2427-2440.
• Saad-Allah, K. M., Nessem, A. A., Ebrahim, M. K., & Gad, D. (2021). Evaluation of drought tolerance of five maize genotypes by virtue of physiological and molecular responses. Agronomy, 12(1), 59.
• Shahsavari, M., Rezaei Estakhroieh, A., Irandost, M., & Neshat, A. (2018). Evaluating the Effect of Different Levels of Deficit Irrigation and Partial Root-Zone Drying on the Yield and Water Productivity of Maize in Hajiabad. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology, 22(1), 61-70.
• Smith, C. W., & Frederiksen, R. A. (Eds.). (2000). Sorghum: Origin, history, technology, and production (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
• Taize, L., & Zeiger,. E. (1998). Plant Physiology”. (2nd ed). Sinager Associates. Inc. Publisher. Sunderland Massa Chussets 757p.
• Tarjuelo, J. M., Rodriguez-Diaz, J. A., Abadía, R., Camacho, E., Rocamora, C., & Moreno, M. A. (2015). Efficient water and energy use in irrigation modernization: Lessons from Spanish case studies. Agricultural Water Management, 162, 67-77.
• Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597.
• Wang, M., Zheng, Q., Shen, Q., & Guo, S. (2013). The critical role of potassium in plant stress response. International journal of molecular sciences, 14(4), 7370-7390.
• Wang, T. (2010). Some issues on oasification study in China. Journal of Desert Research, 30(5), 995-998.
• Yolci, M. S., & Tunçtürk, R. (2022). The effect of inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer applications on some quality and biochemical properties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(4), 740-753.