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Polyphenolic Profile and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Three Algerian Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Varieties

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 211 - 223, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1392549

Öz

As known, dates are packed with antioxidants and bioactive compounds and provide various health benefits, as evidenced by their varying nitrite levels. Algerian dates, on the other hand, have not been thoroughly investigated for their bioactive compounds and overall antioxidant capacity. This research aims to tap into this potential by meticulously measuring total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in three popular Algerian varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Ksiba, Hamraya, and Deglet Nour, and the determination of their antioxidant activity using (scavenging assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. The analysis showed that the three varieties of date fruits are rich in total phenolics with an amount ranging between 71±51 and 7975±389 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE).100 g-1 of dry weight (DW), the flavonoid amount ranged from 31±3 to 767±4 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE) 100 g-1 DW and condensed tannins between 6± 2 and 653 ±64 mg of catechin equivalent (CE) 100 g-1 dry DW. The antiradical activity was quite promising and ranged between 0.5 and 24 µg AAE mg-1 extract for DPPH and between 2 and 113 µg AAE mg-1 extract for ABTS, while the reducing power and total antioxidant capacity values ranged from 16 to 154 μg ascorbic acid (AAE) mg-1 and 39 to 68 μg AAE mg-1 extract respectively. The results of this study show that Algerian date fruit can be regarded as a potential natural source of antioxidants, with ethyl acetate serving as the best extractant solvent, resulting in higher polyphenol content and antioxidant activities.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Z. F. R., Al Shaibani, F. Y. Y., Kaur, N., Maqsood, S. & Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (2021). Improving fruit quality, bioactive compounds, and storage life of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Barhi) using natural elicitors. Horticulturae, 7(9), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090293
  • Alahyane, A., Harrak, H., Ayour, J., Elateri, I., Ait-Oubahou, A. & Benichou, M. (2019). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of seventeen Moroccan date varieties and clones (Phoenix dactylifera L.). South African Journal of Botany, 121, 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.12.004
  • Al-Farsi, M., Alasalvar, C., Al-Abid, M., Al-Shoaily, K., Al-Amry, M. & Al-Rawahy, F. (2007). Compositional and functional characteristics of dates, syrups, and their by-products. Food Chemistry, 104(3), 943–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.051
  • Ali Haimoud, S., Allem, R. & Merouane, A. (2016). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Widely Consumed Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Fruit Varieties in Algerian Oases. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(4), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12227
  • Antolovich, M., Prenzler, P. D., Patsalides, E., McDonald, S. & Robards, K. (2002). Methods for testing antioxidant activity. In Analyst, 127, 183–198. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/b009171p
  • Ben Ismaïl, H., Djendoubi, N., Kodia, A., Ben Hassine, D. & Ben Slama, M. (2013). Physicochemical characterization and sensory profile of 7 principal tunisian date cultivars. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25(5), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i5.12396
  • Ben Mansour, R., Serairi-beji, R., Ksouri, R. & Megdiche-ksouri, W. (2022). Date palm “deglet nour” (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extracts: Functional components, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and gastroprotective effect. J Nat Prod Res App, 2022(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v2i1.36
  • Benchelah, A. C. & Maka, M. (2008). Les dattes: Intérêt en nutrition. Phytotherapie, 6(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-008-0296-0
  • Benmeddour, Z., Mehinagic, E., Meurlay, D. Le & Louaileche, H. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: A comparative study. Journal of Functional Foods, 5(1), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.005
  • Benmehaia, R., Simozrag, A., & Zeroual, S. (2022). Relation between storage temperature and phenolic compounds in date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 12(5), 708-715. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).
  • Benouamane, O., Vergara-Barberán, M., Benaziza, A., Celia García-Alvarez-Coque, M., Simó-Alfonso, E., China, B. & Lerma-Garcia, M. J. (2022). Characterization of different cultivars of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves and pollen by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography of phenolic compounds extracted with different solvents. Microchemical Journal, 182, 107874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107874
  • Bensaci, C., Ghiaba, Z., Dakmouche, M., Belfar, A., Belguidoum, M., Bentebba, F. Z., Saidi, M. & Hadjadj, M. (2021). In vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of date palm collected in Algeria using electrochemical and spectrophotometrical techniques. Korean Chemical Engineering Research, 59(2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2021.59.2.153
  • Benzie, I. F. F. & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. In Analytical Biochemistry, 239.
  • Besbes, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Bahloul, N., Lognay, G., Drira, N. E. & Attia, H. (2004). Date seed oil: Phenolic, tocopherol and sterol profiles. Journal of Food Lipids, 11(4), 251-265.
  • Besbes, S., Drira, L., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C. & Attia, H. (2009). Adding value to hard date (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Compositional, functional and sensory characteristics of date jam. Food Chemistry, 112(2), 406–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.093
  • Biglari, F., AlKarkhi, A. F. M. & Easa, A. M. (2008). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chemistry, 107(4), 1636–1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.033
  • Bouganduora, N., Bendimerad, N. (2012). Evaluation de l’activité antioxydante des extraits aqueux et méthanolique de Saturjacalaminthassp. Nepeta(L.) Briq. Nature et Technologie, 9, 14–19.
  • Bouhlali, E. dine T., Ramchoun, M., Alem, C., Ghafoor, K., Ennassir, J. & Zegzouti, Y. F. (2017). Functional composition and antioxidant activities of eight Moroccan date fruit varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2015.08.005
  • Boutaj, H., Modafar, C. El & Aminata, K. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with date palm in Ouargla region (Southeastern Algeria). Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 21(45), 15-28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344712109
  • Braca, A., Sortino, C., Politi, M., Morelli, I. & Mendez, J. (2002). Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Licania licaniaeflora. Journal of Ethnopharmacolog, 79(3), 379-81. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00413-5
  • Dassamiour, S., Meguellati, S., Lamraoui, H., Bensaad, M. S., Sami, R., Alshehry, G., Althubaiti, E. H. & Al-Meshal, A. S. (2022). HPLC-DAD phenolic screening and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Tanteboucht dates. RSC Advances, 12(21), 13330–13338. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01630c
  • Deghima, A., Righi, N., Rosales-Conrado, N., León-González, M. E., Gómez-Mejía, E., Madrid, Y., Baali, F. & Bedjou, F. (2020). Bioactive polyphenols from Ranunculus macrophyllus Desf. Roots: Quantification, identification and antioxidant activity. South African Journal of Botany, 132, 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.036
  • Delille, L. (2007). Les plantes médicinales d’Algérie. Ed. BERTI, Alger, Algérie.
  • Diallo, A. M. (2005). Etude des Plantes médicinales de Niafunké (Région de Tombouctou), phyto-chimie et Pharmacologie de Maerua crassifolia Forsk(Capparidacée). Thèse de doctorat. Bamako, 140.
  • Dominguez-López, I., Pérez, M. & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (2023). Total (poly)phenol analysis by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in biological samples. In Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 7:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2220031
  • Elleuch, M., Besbes, S., Roiseux, O., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Drira, N. E. & Attia, H. (2008). Date flesh: Chemical composition and characteristics of the dietary fibre. Food Chemistry, 111(3), 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.036
  • Fernández-López, J., Viuda-Martos, M., Sayas-Barberá, E., Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera, C. & Pérez-álvarez, J. Á. (2022). Biological, nutritive, functional and healthy potential of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Current research and future prospects. Agronomy, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040876
  • Gülçi̇n, I., Uğuz, M. T., Oktay, M., Beydemi̇r, Ş. & İrfan Küfrevi̇oğlu, Ö. (2004). Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 28, 25-33. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/vol28/iss1/4
  • Hagerman, A. E. (2002). Tannin Handbook (2Ed). Miami University. Oxford, USA, 116.
  • Harkat, H., Bousba, R., Benincasa, C., Atrouz, K., Gültekin-özgüven, M., Altuntaş, Ü., Demircan, E., Zahran, H. A. & Özçelik, B. (2022). Assessment of biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed oil. Plants, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030381
  • Hasan, N. S., Amom, Z. H., Nor, A. I., Mokhtarrudin, N., Esa, N. M. & Azlan, A. (2010). Nutritional composition and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant properties of various dates extracts (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Libya. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2(4), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcn.2010.208.214
  • Hasnaoui, A., Elhoumaizi, M. A. & Attia, H. (2012). Physicochemical Characterization and Associated Antioxidant Capacity of Fiber Concentrates from Moroccan Date Flesh. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore. 5(7), 1-7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259911996
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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 211 - 223, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1392549

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Z. F. R., Al Shaibani, F. Y. Y., Kaur, N., Maqsood, S. & Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (2021). Improving fruit quality, bioactive compounds, and storage life of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Barhi) using natural elicitors. Horticulturae, 7(9), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090293
  • Alahyane, A., Harrak, H., Ayour, J., Elateri, I., Ait-Oubahou, A. & Benichou, M. (2019). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of seventeen Moroccan date varieties and clones (Phoenix dactylifera L.). South African Journal of Botany, 121, 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.12.004
  • Al-Farsi, M., Alasalvar, C., Al-Abid, M., Al-Shoaily, K., Al-Amry, M. & Al-Rawahy, F. (2007). Compositional and functional characteristics of dates, syrups, and their by-products. Food Chemistry, 104(3), 943–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.051
  • Ali Haimoud, S., Allem, R. & Merouane, A. (2016). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Widely Consumed Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Fruit Varieties in Algerian Oases. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(4), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12227
  • Antolovich, M., Prenzler, P. D., Patsalides, E., McDonald, S. & Robards, K. (2002). Methods for testing antioxidant activity. In Analyst, 127, 183–198. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/b009171p
  • Ben Ismaïl, H., Djendoubi, N., Kodia, A., Ben Hassine, D. & Ben Slama, M. (2013). Physicochemical characterization and sensory profile of 7 principal tunisian date cultivars. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25(5), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i5.12396
  • Ben Mansour, R., Serairi-beji, R., Ksouri, R. & Megdiche-ksouri, W. (2022). Date palm “deglet nour” (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extracts: Functional components, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and gastroprotective effect. J Nat Prod Res App, 2022(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v2i1.36
  • Benchelah, A. C. & Maka, M. (2008). Les dattes: Intérêt en nutrition. Phytotherapie, 6(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-008-0296-0
  • Benmeddour, Z., Mehinagic, E., Meurlay, D. Le & Louaileche, H. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: A comparative study. Journal of Functional Foods, 5(1), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.005
  • Benmehaia, R., Simozrag, A., & Zeroual, S. (2022). Relation between storage temperature and phenolic compounds in date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 12(5), 708-715. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).
  • Benouamane, O., Vergara-Barberán, M., Benaziza, A., Celia García-Alvarez-Coque, M., Simó-Alfonso, E., China, B. & Lerma-Garcia, M. J. (2022). Characterization of different cultivars of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves and pollen by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography of phenolic compounds extracted with different solvents. Microchemical Journal, 182, 107874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107874
  • Bensaci, C., Ghiaba, Z., Dakmouche, M., Belfar, A., Belguidoum, M., Bentebba, F. Z., Saidi, M. & Hadjadj, M. (2021). In vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of date palm collected in Algeria using electrochemical and spectrophotometrical techniques. Korean Chemical Engineering Research, 59(2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2021.59.2.153
  • Benzie, I. F. F. & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. In Analytical Biochemistry, 239.
  • Besbes, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Bahloul, N., Lognay, G., Drira, N. E. & Attia, H. (2004). Date seed oil: Phenolic, tocopherol and sterol profiles. Journal of Food Lipids, 11(4), 251-265.
  • Besbes, S., Drira, L., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C. & Attia, H. (2009). Adding value to hard date (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Compositional, functional and sensory characteristics of date jam. Food Chemistry, 112(2), 406–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.093
  • Biglari, F., AlKarkhi, A. F. M. & Easa, A. M. (2008). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chemistry, 107(4), 1636–1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.033
  • Bouganduora, N., Bendimerad, N. (2012). Evaluation de l’activité antioxydante des extraits aqueux et méthanolique de Saturjacalaminthassp. Nepeta(L.) Briq. Nature et Technologie, 9, 14–19.
  • Bouhlali, E. dine T., Ramchoun, M., Alem, C., Ghafoor, K., Ennassir, J. & Zegzouti, Y. F. (2017). Functional composition and antioxidant activities of eight Moroccan date fruit varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2015.08.005
  • Boutaj, H., Modafar, C. El & Aminata, K. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with date palm in Ouargla region (Southeastern Algeria). Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 21(45), 15-28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344712109
  • Braca, A., Sortino, C., Politi, M., Morelli, I. & Mendez, J. (2002). Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Licania licaniaeflora. Journal of Ethnopharmacolog, 79(3), 379-81. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00413-5
  • Dassamiour, S., Meguellati, S., Lamraoui, H., Bensaad, M. S., Sami, R., Alshehry, G., Althubaiti, E. H. & Al-Meshal, A. S. (2022). HPLC-DAD phenolic screening and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Tanteboucht dates. RSC Advances, 12(21), 13330–13338. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01630c
  • Deghima, A., Righi, N., Rosales-Conrado, N., León-González, M. E., Gómez-Mejía, E., Madrid, Y., Baali, F. & Bedjou, F. (2020). Bioactive polyphenols from Ranunculus macrophyllus Desf. Roots: Quantification, identification and antioxidant activity. South African Journal of Botany, 132, 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.036
  • Delille, L. (2007). Les plantes médicinales d’Algérie. Ed. BERTI, Alger, Algérie.
  • Diallo, A. M. (2005). Etude des Plantes médicinales de Niafunké (Région de Tombouctou), phyto-chimie et Pharmacologie de Maerua crassifolia Forsk(Capparidacée). Thèse de doctorat. Bamako, 140.
  • Dominguez-López, I., Pérez, M. & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (2023). Total (poly)phenol analysis by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in biological samples. In Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 7:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2220031
  • Elleuch, M., Besbes, S., Roiseux, O., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Drira, N. E. & Attia, H. (2008). Date flesh: Chemical composition and characteristics of the dietary fibre. Food Chemistry, 111(3), 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.036
  • Fernández-López, J., Viuda-Martos, M., Sayas-Barberá, E., Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera, C. & Pérez-álvarez, J. Á. (2022). Biological, nutritive, functional and healthy potential of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Current research and future prospects. Agronomy, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040876
  • Gülçi̇n, I., Uğuz, M. T., Oktay, M., Beydemi̇r, Ş. & İrfan Küfrevi̇oğlu, Ö. (2004). Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 28, 25-33. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/vol28/iss1/4
  • Hagerman, A. E. (2002). Tannin Handbook (2Ed). Miami University. Oxford, USA, 116.
  • Harkat, H., Bousba, R., Benincasa, C., Atrouz, K., Gültekin-özgüven, M., Altuntaş, Ü., Demircan, E., Zahran, H. A. & Özçelik, B. (2022). Assessment of biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed oil. Plants, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030381
  • Hasan, N. S., Amom, Z. H., Nor, A. I., Mokhtarrudin, N., Esa, N. M. & Azlan, A. (2010). Nutritional composition and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant properties of various dates extracts (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Libya. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2(4), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcn.2010.208.214
  • Hasnaoui, A., Elhoumaizi, M. A. & Attia, H. (2012). Physicochemical Characterization and Associated Antioxidant Capacity of Fiber Concentrates from Moroccan Date Flesh. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore. 5(7), 1-7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259911996
  • Hurst, W. J. (2008). Methods of analysis for functional foods and nutraceuticals. CRC press, Taylor and Francis, London, 548.
  • IPIGRI/INRA: Algérie, Maroc et Tunisie/FEM/PNUD. (2005). Description du palmier dattier (Phœnix dactylifera L.). Institut international des ressources phytogénétiques, 71 p. ISBN: 978-92-9043-676-8
  • Ismail, B., Haffar, I., Baalbaki, R. & Henry, J. (2001). Development of a total quality scoring system based on consumer preference weightings and sensory profiles: application to fruit dates (Tamr). Food Quality and Preference. 12 (8), 499-506 . doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(01)00043-X
  • Kchaou, W., Abbès, F., Attia, H. & Besbes, S. (2014). In vitro antioxidant activities of three selected dates from Tunisia (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of Chemistry, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/367681
  • Kchaou, W., Abbès, F., Blecker, C., Attia, H. & Besbes, S. (2013). Effects of extraction solvents on phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Tunisian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 45, 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.12.028
  • Laloo, D. & Sahu, A. N. (2011). Antioxidant activities of three Indian commercially available Nagakesar: An in vitro study. J. Chem. Pharm. Res, 3(1), 277–283.
  • Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E. & Kefalas, P. (2005). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chemistry, 89(3), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.051
  • Metoui, M., Essid, A., Bouzoumita, A. & Ferchichi, A. (2019). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Tunisian date palm seed. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28(1), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/84918
  • Mohamed, R. M. A., Fageer, A. S. M., Eltayeb, M. M. & Mohamed Ahmed, I. A. (2014). Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and mineral extractability of Sudanese date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits. Food Science and Nutrition, 2(5), 478–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.123
  • Mrabet, A., Jiménez-Araujo, A., Fernández-Bolaños, J., Rubio-Senent, F., Lama-Muñoz, A., Sindic, M. & Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, G. (2016). Antioxidant phenolic extracts obtained from secondary Tunisian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by hydrothermal treatments. Food Chemistry, 196, 917–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.026
  • Packer, L. (2001). Flavonoids and other polyphenols. Ed Academic Press, California, 483.
  • Prieto, P., Pineda, M. & Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric Quantitation of Antioxidant Capacity through the Formation of a Phosphomolybdenum Complex: Specific Application to the Determination of Vitamin E 1. In Analytical Biochemistry. 269(2), 337-341. doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Original Contribution antıoxıdant actıvıty applyıng an ımproved abts radıcal catıon decolorızatıon assay. 26(9-10):1231-7.
  • Sawaya, W. N., Khatchadourian, H. A., Khalil, J. K., Safi, W. M. & Al-Shalhat, A. ’. (1982). Growth and Compositional Changes During the Various Developmental Stages of Some Saudi Arabian Date Cultivars. 47(5), 1489-1492. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb04967.x
  • Siddeeg, A., Zeng, X. A., Ammar, A. F. & Han, Z. (2019). Sugar profile, volatile compounds, composition and antioxidant activity of Sukkari date palm fruit. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(2), 754–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3534-y
  • Singh, V., Guizani, N., Al-Zakwani, I., Al-Shamsi, Q., Al-Alawi, A. & Rahman, M. S. (2015). Sensory texture of date fruits as a function of physicochemical properties and its use in date classification. Acta Alimentaria, 44(1), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1556/AAlim.44.2015.1.12
  • Vinson, J. A., Zubik, L., Bose, P., Samman, N. & Proch, J. (2005). Dried Fruits: Excellent in Vitro and in Vivo Antioxidants. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 24(1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2005.10719442
  • Zeroual, S., Daoud, I., Gaouaoui, R. & Ghalem, S. (2020). In vitro and Molecular Docking Studies of DPPH with Phoenix dactylifera L. (Deglet-Nour) Crude Fruits extracts and Evaluation of their Antioxidant Activity. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 13(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4150.2020.00012.7
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Endüstri Bitkileri, Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Samir Zeroual Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9066-7102

Randa Gaouaoui Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4701-0081

Amirouche Deghima 0000-0001-8046-1066

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Zeroual, S., Gaouaoui, R., & Deghima, A. (2024). Polyphenolic Profile and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Three Algerian Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Varieties. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1392549

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