Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Qualitative Study of Driving Behaviors of Professional Driving

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 51 - 65, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.525441

Öz



Human error is a dominant factor in
the occurrence of road traffic accidents. Professional drivers on the other
hand are more likely to involve in road traffic accidents due to their long
driving hours in traffic. However, par so many studies conducted on driving
behaviors of professional drivers. Therefore, in the current study, it was
aimed to investigate thoroughly the driving behaviors of professional drivers.
For this reason, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 professional
drivers. The interviews were content analyzed and the obtained behavioral
examples were classified as error, ordinary and aggressive violation, and
positive driver behavior. As a result of the study, it was found that
professional driving differs from nonprofessional driving with some distinctive
behavioral examples. Moreover, further distinction could be observed as a
function of vehicle type. The results of the study were presented in detail and
discussed.




Kaynakça

  • af Wåhlberg, A., Dorn, L. ve Kline, T. (2011). The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of road traffic accidents. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 12(1), 66–86.
  • Baker, S. P., Wong, J. W. ve Baron, R. D. (1976). Professional drivers: Protection needed for a high-risk occupation. American Journal of Public Health, 66(7), 649–654.
  • Baughan, C., Pearce, L., Smith, L. ve Buckle, G. (2003). Work-related road accidents. TRL Report 582. Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory.
  • Bunn, T. L., Slavova, S., Struttmann, T. W. ve Browning, S. R. (2005). Sleepiness/fatigue and distraction/inattention as factors for fatal versus nonfatal commercial motor vehicle driver injuries. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(5), 862–869.
  • Caird, K. J. ve Kline, T. J. (2004). The relationships between organizational and individual variables to on-the-job driver accidents and accident-free kilometers. Ergonomics, 47 (15), 1598–1613.
  • Dawson, D. ve Reid, K. (1997). Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment. Nature, 388(6639), 235.
  • Dula, C. S. ve Ballard, M. E. (2003). Development and evaluation of a measure of dangerous, aggressive, negative emotional, and risky driving. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 263–282.
  • Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioural correlates of individual differences in road traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 279–294. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.279.
  • Freeman, E., Davey, D. ve Wishart, E. (2008). A study of contemporary modifications to the Manchester Drivers Behaviour Questionnaire for organizational fleet settings. In Dorn, Lisa (Ed.) Driver Behaviour and Training, Vol 3. Human Factors in Road and Rail Safety. Aldershot, Ashgate, 201–214.
  • Harris, P. B., Houston, J. M., Vazquez, J. A., Smither, J. A., Harms, A., Dahlke, J. A. ve Sachau, D. A. (2014). The prosocial and aggressive driving inventory (PADI): A self-report measure of safe and unsafe driver behaviors. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 72, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.05.023.
  • Lam, L. T. (2004). Environmental factors associated with crash-related mortality and injury among taxi drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(5), 905–908.
  • Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R. ve Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviours: The case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 27, 1258–1276. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816. 1997.tb01805.x.
  • Newnam, S., Greenslade, J., Newton, C. ve Watson, B. (2011). Safety in occupational driving: Development of a driver behavior scale for the workplace context. Applied Psychology, 60(4), 576–599.
  • Newnam, S., Watson, B. ve Murray, W. (2002). A comparison of the factors influencing the safety of work-related drivers in work and personal vehicles. Proceedings of the 2002 Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, 4-5 November, Adelaide, Australia, 488–494.
  • Newnam, S., Watson, B. ve Murray, W. (2004). Factors predicting intentions to speed in a work and personal vehicle. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7(4–5), 287–300.
  • Oppenheim, I. ve Shinar, D. (2011). Human factors and ergonomics. In Handbook of Traffic Psychology (s. 193–211). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10015-3.
  • Öz, B., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2013). An investigation of professional drivers: Organizational safety climate, driver behaviours and performance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 16, 81–91.
  • Öz, B., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2014). Trip-focused organizational safety climate: Investigating the relationships with errors, violations and positive driver behaviours in professional driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 361–369.
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005). A new addition to DBQ: Positive driver behaviours scale. Transportation Research Part F, 8, 355–368. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018.
  • Rasmussen, J. (1983). Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, (3), 257–266.
  • Reason, J. T. (1990). Human error. Cambridge University Press: New York.
  • Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Straddling, S. G., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road – A real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315–1332.
  • Sullman, M. J., Meadows, M. L. ve Pajo, K. B. (2002). Aberrant driving behaviours amongst New Zealand truck drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 5(3), 217–232.
  • Tanvir, S., Habib, N. Z. ve Walker, G. H. (2018, July). A Qualitative Investigation of Professional Driver Behavior Due to Socio-Economic, Cultural, Religious Factors and Its Impact on Dubai Road Safety. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (s. 764-775). Springer, Cham.
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Mikulincer, M. ve Gillath, O. (2004). The multidimensional driving style inventory—scale construct and validation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(3), 323–332.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2017). Karayolu Trafik Kaza İstatistikleri, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24606
  • Useche, S. A., Ortiz, V. G. ve Cendales, B. E. (2017). Stress-related psychosocial factors at work, fatigue, and risky driving behavior in bus rapid transport (BRT) drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 104, 106–114.
  • Wang, Y., Li, L., Feng, L. ve Peng, H. (2014). Professional drivers’ views on risky driver behaviors and accident liability: A questionnaire survey in Xining, China. Transportation Letters, 6(3), 126–135.
  • Wills, A. R., Watson, B. ve Biggs, H. C. (2006). Comparing safety climate factors as predictors of work-related driver behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 37(4), 375–383.
  • World Health Organization (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. Retrieved from www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/.

Profesyonel Sürücülükte Sürücü Davranışlarına Yönelik Nitel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 51 - 65, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.525441

Öz

Sürücü hatası
kazaların meydana gelmesinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Profesyonel sürücüler de
trafikte uzun saatler geçirdiğinden kazalara karışma olasılığı yüksek olan bir
gruptur. Fakat literatürde profesyonel sürücülerin sürücü davranışlarını tespit
etmeye ve anlamaya yönelik yapılmış nitel çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Bu çalışma
kapsamında profesyonel sürücülerin trafikte sergiledikleri sürücü davranışları
derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, farklı profesyonel sürücü gruplarından
26 sürücü ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış ve görüşmeler içerik
analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen davranış örnekleri hata, sıradan ihlal,
agresif ihlal ve pozitif sürücü davranışları olarak dört gruba ayrıştırılmıştır.
Yapılan çalışma sonucunda profesyonel sürücülüğün profesyonel olmayan
sürücülükten ayrışan davranış örnekleri sergiledikleri ve bu durumun
sürücülerin kullandıkları araç tipine bağlı olarak da değişiklik gösterdiği
bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın içerik analizi sonuçları ayrıntılı bir şekilde sunulmuş
ve tartışılmıştır.


Kaynakça

  • af Wåhlberg, A., Dorn, L. ve Kline, T. (2011). The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of road traffic accidents. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 12(1), 66–86.
  • Baker, S. P., Wong, J. W. ve Baron, R. D. (1976). Professional drivers: Protection needed for a high-risk occupation. American Journal of Public Health, 66(7), 649–654.
  • Baughan, C., Pearce, L., Smith, L. ve Buckle, G. (2003). Work-related road accidents. TRL Report 582. Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory.
  • Bunn, T. L., Slavova, S., Struttmann, T. W. ve Browning, S. R. (2005). Sleepiness/fatigue and distraction/inattention as factors for fatal versus nonfatal commercial motor vehicle driver injuries. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(5), 862–869.
  • Caird, K. J. ve Kline, T. J. (2004). The relationships between organizational and individual variables to on-the-job driver accidents and accident-free kilometers. Ergonomics, 47 (15), 1598–1613.
  • Dawson, D. ve Reid, K. (1997). Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment. Nature, 388(6639), 235.
  • Dula, C. S. ve Ballard, M. E. (2003). Development and evaluation of a measure of dangerous, aggressive, negative emotional, and risky driving. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 263–282.
  • Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioural correlates of individual differences in road traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 279–294. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.279.
  • Freeman, E., Davey, D. ve Wishart, E. (2008). A study of contemporary modifications to the Manchester Drivers Behaviour Questionnaire for organizational fleet settings. In Dorn, Lisa (Ed.) Driver Behaviour and Training, Vol 3. Human Factors in Road and Rail Safety. Aldershot, Ashgate, 201–214.
  • Harris, P. B., Houston, J. M., Vazquez, J. A., Smither, J. A., Harms, A., Dahlke, J. A. ve Sachau, D. A. (2014). The prosocial and aggressive driving inventory (PADI): A self-report measure of safe and unsafe driver behaviors. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 72, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.05.023.
  • Lam, L. T. (2004). Environmental factors associated with crash-related mortality and injury among taxi drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(5), 905–908.
  • Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R. ve Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviours: The case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 27, 1258–1276. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816. 1997.tb01805.x.
  • Newnam, S., Greenslade, J., Newton, C. ve Watson, B. (2011). Safety in occupational driving: Development of a driver behavior scale for the workplace context. Applied Psychology, 60(4), 576–599.
  • Newnam, S., Watson, B. ve Murray, W. (2002). A comparison of the factors influencing the safety of work-related drivers in work and personal vehicles. Proceedings of the 2002 Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, 4-5 November, Adelaide, Australia, 488–494.
  • Newnam, S., Watson, B. ve Murray, W. (2004). Factors predicting intentions to speed in a work and personal vehicle. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7(4–5), 287–300.
  • Oppenheim, I. ve Shinar, D. (2011). Human factors and ergonomics. In Handbook of Traffic Psychology (s. 193–211). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10015-3.
  • Öz, B., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2013). An investigation of professional drivers: Organizational safety climate, driver behaviours and performance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 16, 81–91.
  • Öz, B., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2014). Trip-focused organizational safety climate: Investigating the relationships with errors, violations and positive driver behaviours in professional driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 361–369.
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005). A new addition to DBQ: Positive driver behaviours scale. Transportation Research Part F, 8, 355–368. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018.
  • Rasmussen, J. (1983). Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, (3), 257–266.
  • Reason, J. T. (1990). Human error. Cambridge University Press: New York.
  • Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Straddling, S. G., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road – A real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315–1332.
  • Sullman, M. J., Meadows, M. L. ve Pajo, K. B. (2002). Aberrant driving behaviours amongst New Zealand truck drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 5(3), 217–232.
  • Tanvir, S., Habib, N. Z. ve Walker, G. H. (2018, July). A Qualitative Investigation of Professional Driver Behavior Due to Socio-Economic, Cultural, Religious Factors and Its Impact on Dubai Road Safety. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (s. 764-775). Springer, Cham.
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Mikulincer, M. ve Gillath, O. (2004). The multidimensional driving style inventory—scale construct and validation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(3), 323–332.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2017). Karayolu Trafik Kaza İstatistikleri, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24606
  • Useche, S. A., Ortiz, V. G. ve Cendales, B. E. (2017). Stress-related psychosocial factors at work, fatigue, and risky driving behavior in bus rapid transport (BRT) drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 104, 106–114.
  • Wang, Y., Li, L., Feng, L. ve Peng, H. (2014). Professional drivers’ views on risky driver behaviors and accident liability: A questionnaire survey in Xining, China. Transportation Letters, 6(3), 126–135.
  • Wills, A. R., Watson, B. ve Biggs, H. C. (2006). Comparing safety climate factors as predictors of work-related driver behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 37(4), 375–383.
  • World Health Organization (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. Retrieved from www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şerife Yılmaz 0000-0003-2006-3570

Bahar Öz 0000-0001-5440-0948

Türker Özkan 0000-0002-5501-9257

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, Ş., Öz, B., & Özkan, T. (2019). Profesyonel Sürücülükte Sürücü Davranışlarına Yönelik Nitel Bir Çalışma. Trafik Ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.525441