ALMANYA’NIN İLK MİLLÎ GÜVENLİK STRATEJİ BELGESİ

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 27, 229 - 240, 28.03.2024

Mehmet Alkanalka

https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1422197

Abstract

Almanya’nın ilk millî güvenlik strateji belgesi, 2023 yılında aralarında Sosyal Demokratların ve askerî konulara mesafeli duran Yeşillerin de olduğu üçlü koalisyon döneminde hazırlanarak yayımlanmıştır. Bu belge, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın da etkisinde hazırlanmıştır ve Almanya açısından önemli bir güvenlik politikası değişimidir. Geçmişte beyaz kitap üzerinden güvenlik politikasını açıklayan Almanya’nın, ilk kez bir millî güvenlik strateji belgesi ile bunu kamuoyu ile paylaşması bile bu değişimin önemli göstergelerinden birisini teşkil etmektedir. Almanya’yı beyaz kitabı bırakarak millî güvenlik strateji belgesi hazırlamaya yönelten başat etken her ne kadar Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı olmakla birlikte askerî güvenlik konularına mesafeli duran partilerin koalisyonu döneminde bu dönüşümün gerçekleşmiş olmasının incelenmeye değer bir konu olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Almanya’nın ilk millî güvenlik strateji belgesini hem Almanya’nın önceki strateji belgeleri olan beyaz kitapları ile hem de ABD’nin millî güvenlik strateji belgeleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz ederek uluslararası ilişkiler alan yazınına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu makalede Almanya'nın millî güvenlik politikalarında bir dönüm noktası niteliğindeki ilk millî güvenlik stratejisi belgesi; neo-realizm, neo-klasik realizm teorileri ile Avrupa’daki eleştirel güvenlik teorilerinin ışığı altında, Almanya’nın 2016 Beyaz Kitabı ve 2016-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanan ABD’nin 2017 ve 2023 millî güvenlik strateji belgelerindeki tehditler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak nitel analiz metodu ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu belge, uluslararası ilişkilerde devletlerin güvenlik kaygılarının partiler üstü olduğunun somut örneklerinden birisi olarak ele alınabilir.

Keywords

Almanya, ABD, Güvenlik Çalışmaları, Millî Güvenlik Stratejisi, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı

GERMANY'S FIRST NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY DOCUMENT

Abstract

Germany's first national security strategy document was prepared and published in 2023 during the triple coalition period, including Social Democrats and Greens who stayed away from military issues. This document was prepared under the influence of the Russia-Ukraine War and is an important security policy change for Germany. Even the fact that Germany, which explained its security policy through a white paper in the past, shared this with the public fort he first time through a national security strategy document, constitutes one of the important indicators of this change. Although the main factor that led Germany to abandon the white paper and prepare a national security strategy document was the Russia-Ukraine War, the fact that this transformation took place during the coalition period of parties that kept their distance from military security issues was considered to be a subject worth examining. The aim of this article is to analyze Germany's first national security strategy document comparatively with both Germany's previous strategy documents, the white papers, the US national security strategy documents to make a contribution to the international relations literature. In this article, the first national security strategy document, which is a turning point in Germany's national security policies; under the light of neo-realism, neo-classical realism theories and critical security theories in Europe, it was analyzed by qualitative analysis method in comparison with Germany's 2016 White Paper and the threats in the USA's 2017 and 2023 national security strategy documents between 2016-2023. This document can be considered as one of the concrete examples of the fact that the security concerns of states in international relations are non-partisan.

Keywords

Germany, USA, Security Studies, National Security Strategy, Russia-Ukraine War

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