Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Serum apelin-36 levels in pre-diabetics and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients

Year 2019, Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 1094 - 1101, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.504415

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of parameters for glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors and apelin-36 in patients grouped as having impaired fasting glucose(IFG), IFG and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), newly diagnosed type 2 DM and the control group.

Materials and Methods: Fifty-three women and twenty-seven men, totally eighty subjects were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into four groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Group1: Normoglycemic controls(n:20), Group2: subjects with IFG(n:20), Group3: combined IFG subjects which included both IFG and IGT patients(n:20), Group4: Newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients(n:20). Levels of glucose, lipids, HbA1c, fibrinogen, insulin, cortisol, serum apelin-36 and C-peptide were analyzed.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference regarding the levels of apelin-36 between group 1 and the study groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Other parameters analyzed for glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fibrinogen, insulin, cortisol, C-peptide, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the study groups when compared to the control group.

Conclusion: In the future serum apelin-36 levels  can be used as an indicator for presenting the insulin resistance and impairment in glucose metabolism in the early periods.


References

  • Referans1 American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2012. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: S11–S63.
  • Referans2 Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al . Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation. 2005; 112: 2735-2752.
  • Referans3 Kovanen PT, Pentikainen MO. Decorin links low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to collagen: a novel mechanism for retention of LDL in the atherosclerotic plaque. Trends Cardiovasc Med 1999; 9: 86-91.
  • Referans4 Altunkaynak BZ, Özbek E. Yağ dokusu endokrin bir organ mıdır? Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2005; 32(4): 211-217.
  • Referans5 Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert opinion on biological therapy 2003; 3(5): 705-13.
  • Referans6 Tatemoto K, Takayama K, Zou M-X, Kumaki I, Zhang W, Kumano K, et al. The novel peptide apelin lowers blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Regulatory peptides 2001; 99(2): 87-92.
  • Referans7 O'Dowd BF, Heiber M, Chan A, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Kennedy JL, et al . A human gene that shows identity with the gene encoding the angiotensin receptor is located on chromosome 11. Gene 1993; 136(1): 355-60.
  • Referans8 Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kakegawa T, Zou MX, et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1998; 251(2): 471-6.
  • Referans9 Lee DK, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Fan T, Kariyawasam AP, Liu Y, et al . Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor. Journal of neurochemistry 2000; 74(1): 34-41.
  • Referans10 Bełtowski J. Apelin and visfatin: unique "beneficial" adipokines upregulated in obesity? Medical Science Monitor Basic Research 2006; 12(6): RA112-RA9.
  • Referans11 Llorens-Cortès C, Beaudet A. Apelin, a neuropeptide that counteracts vasopressin secretion. Medecine sciences: M/S 2004; 21(8-9): 741-6.
  • Referans12 Baranova A, Randhawa M, Jarrar M, Younossi ZM. Adipokines and melanocortins in the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2007; 7(2):195-205.
  • Referans13 Medhurst AD, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Davis RP, Ellis C, Winborn KY, et al. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical characterization of the APJ receptor and its endogenous ligand apelin. Journal of neurochemistry 2003; 84(5): 1162-72.
  • Referans14 Boucher J, Masri B, Daviaud D, Gesta S, Guigné C, Mazzucotelli A, et al. Apelin, a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and obesity. Endocrinology 2005; 146(4): 1764-71.
  • Referans15 Winzell MS, Magnusson C, Ahrén B. The apj receptor is expressed in pancreatic islets and its ligand, apelin, inhibits insulin secretion in mice. Regulatory peptides 2005; 131(1): 12-7.
  • Referans16 Jin W, Su X, Xu M, Liu Y , Shi J , Lu L , et al . Interactive association of five candidate polymorphisms in Apelin/APJ pathway with coronary artery disease among Chinese hypertensive patients. 2012.
  • Referans17 Kadoglou NP, Lampropoulos S, Kapelouzou A, Gkontopoulos A, Theofilogiannakos EK, Fotiadis G, et al. Serum levels of apelin and ghrelin in patients with acute coronary syndromes and established coronary artery disease—KOZANI STUDY. Translational Research 2010; 155(5): 238-46.
  • Referans18 Li L, Zeng H, Chen J-X. Apelin-13 increases myocardial progenitor cells and improves repair postmyocardial infarction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2012; 303(5): H605-H18.
  • Referans19 Trayhurn P, Bing C, Wood IS. Adipose tissue and adipokines-energy regulation from the human perspective. The Journal of nutrition 2006; 136(7): 1935S-9S.
  • Referans20 Ziora K, Oswiecimska J, Swietochowska E, Ziora D, Ostrowska Z, Stojewska M, et al. Assessment of serum apelin levels in girls with anorexia nervosa. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2010; 95(6): 2935-41.
  • Referans21 Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tang Y, Yang M, Yang H, et al. Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes 2006; 114(10): 544-8.
  • Referans22 Tai ES, Goh SY, Lee JJ, Wong MS, Heng D, Hughes K, et al . Lowering the Criterion for Impaired Fasting Glucose Impact on disease prevalence and associated risk of diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(7): 1728-34.
  • Referans23 Blake DR, Meigs JB, Muller DC, Najjar SS, Andres R, Nathan DM. Impaired glucose tolerance, but not impaired fasting glucose, is associated with increased levels of coronary heart disease risk factors results from the Baltimore longitudinal study on aging. Diabetes 2004; 53(8): 2095-100.
  • Referans24 Hollenbeck C, Reaven GM. Variations in Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Healthy Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1987; 64(6): 1169-73.
  • Referans25 Cavallo MG, Sentinelli F, Barchetta I, Costantino C, Incani M, Perra L, et al. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with increased serum apelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PloS one 2012; 7(12): e51236.
  • Referans26 Chong KS, Gardner RS, Morton JJ, Ashley EA, McDonagh TA. Plasma concentrations of the novel peptide apelin are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. European journal of heart failure 2006; 8(4): 355-60.
  • Referans27 Erdem G, Dogru T, Tasci I, Sonmez A, Tapan S. Low plasma apelin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes 2008; 116(5): 289-92.
  • Referans28 Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GD, Collins R, Kostis JB, et al. Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration, Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 2005; 294(14): 1799-809.
  • Referans29 Meade T, Brozovic M, Chakrabarti R, Miller GJ, Chakrabarti RR, North WR, et al. Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park Heart Study. The Lancet 1986; 328(8506): 533-7.
  • Referans30 Ashley EA, Powers J, Chen M, Kundu R, Finsterbach T, Caffarelli A, et al. The endogenous peptide apelin potently improves cardiac contractility and reduces cardiac loading in vivo. Cardiovascular research 2005; 65(1): 73-82.
  • Referans31 Ellinor PT, Low AF, MacRae CA. Reduced apelin levels in lone atrial fibrillation. European heart journal 2006; 27(2): 222-6.
  • Referans32 Simpkin JC, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, Lim SY, Wynne AM, Smith CC. Apelin-13 and apelin-36 exhibit direct cardioprotective activity against ischemia reperfusion injury. Basic research in cardiology 2007; 102(6): 518-28.
  • Referans33 Tasci I , Erdem G, Ozgur G, Tapan S, Dogru T, Genc H, et al. LDL-cholesterol lowering increases plasma apelin in isolated hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204(1): 222-8.
  • Referans34 Gourdy P, Cazals L, Thalamas C, Sommet A, Calvas F, Galitzky M, et al . Apelin administration improves insulin sensitivity in overweight men during hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jan;20(1):157-164.

Pre-diyabetik ve yeni tanı almış tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda serum apelin-36 düzeyleri

Year 2019, Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 1094 - 1101, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.504415

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, açlık glukozu (IFG), bozulmuş glukoz toleransı (IGT) ve yeni tanı almış tip 2 DM olarak gruplandırılmış hastalarda; glukoz metabolizması ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri parametreleri ve apelin-36 düzeylerini araştırılması amaçlanmıştır..

Gereç ve Yöntem: Elli üç kadın ve yirmi yedi erkek, toplam seksen katılımcı bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Orak glükoz tolerans testi (OGTT) sonuçlarına göre hastalar dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: Normoglisemik kontroller (n: 20), Grup2: IFG'li hastalar (n: 20), Grup3: IFG ve IGT'li hastalar (n: 20), Grup4: Yeni tanı almış tip 2 DM hastaları (n: 20). Glikoz, lipidler, HbA1c, fibrinojen, insülin, kortizol, C-peptid ve Apelin-36 seviyeleri analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Apelin-36 düzeylerinde grup 1 ile çalışma grupları 2,3 ve 4 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı). Glukoz metabolizması ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri için analiz edilen açlık glukozu, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fibrinojen, insülin, kortizol, C-peptid, LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, VLDL-kolesteroll, triglisterit, total kolesterol gibi parametreler çalışma grubu ile kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark bulundu

Sonuç: Gelecekte serum apelin-36 düzeylerinin erken dönemlerde glukoz metabolizma bozukluğunu ve insülin direncini göstermek için bir belirteç olarak kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz.


References

  • Referans1 American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2012. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: S11–S63.
  • Referans2 Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al . Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation. 2005; 112: 2735-2752.
  • Referans3 Kovanen PT, Pentikainen MO. Decorin links low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to collagen: a novel mechanism for retention of LDL in the atherosclerotic plaque. Trends Cardiovasc Med 1999; 9: 86-91.
  • Referans4 Altunkaynak BZ, Özbek E. Yağ dokusu endokrin bir organ mıdır? Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2005; 32(4): 211-217.
  • Referans5 Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert opinion on biological therapy 2003; 3(5): 705-13.
  • Referans6 Tatemoto K, Takayama K, Zou M-X, Kumaki I, Zhang W, Kumano K, et al. The novel peptide apelin lowers blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Regulatory peptides 2001; 99(2): 87-92.
  • Referans7 O'Dowd BF, Heiber M, Chan A, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Kennedy JL, et al . A human gene that shows identity with the gene encoding the angiotensin receptor is located on chromosome 11. Gene 1993; 136(1): 355-60.
  • Referans8 Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kakegawa T, Zou MX, et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1998; 251(2): 471-6.
  • Referans9 Lee DK, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Fan T, Kariyawasam AP, Liu Y, et al . Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor. Journal of neurochemistry 2000; 74(1): 34-41.
  • Referans10 Bełtowski J. Apelin and visfatin: unique "beneficial" adipokines upregulated in obesity? Medical Science Monitor Basic Research 2006; 12(6): RA112-RA9.
  • Referans11 Llorens-Cortès C, Beaudet A. Apelin, a neuropeptide that counteracts vasopressin secretion. Medecine sciences: M/S 2004; 21(8-9): 741-6.
  • Referans12 Baranova A, Randhawa M, Jarrar M, Younossi ZM. Adipokines and melanocortins in the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2007; 7(2):195-205.
  • Referans13 Medhurst AD, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Davis RP, Ellis C, Winborn KY, et al. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical characterization of the APJ receptor and its endogenous ligand apelin. Journal of neurochemistry 2003; 84(5): 1162-72.
  • Referans14 Boucher J, Masri B, Daviaud D, Gesta S, Guigné C, Mazzucotelli A, et al. Apelin, a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and obesity. Endocrinology 2005; 146(4): 1764-71.
  • Referans15 Winzell MS, Magnusson C, Ahrén B. The apj receptor is expressed in pancreatic islets and its ligand, apelin, inhibits insulin secretion in mice. Regulatory peptides 2005; 131(1): 12-7.
  • Referans16 Jin W, Su X, Xu M, Liu Y , Shi J , Lu L , et al . Interactive association of five candidate polymorphisms in Apelin/APJ pathway with coronary artery disease among Chinese hypertensive patients. 2012.
  • Referans17 Kadoglou NP, Lampropoulos S, Kapelouzou A, Gkontopoulos A, Theofilogiannakos EK, Fotiadis G, et al. Serum levels of apelin and ghrelin in patients with acute coronary syndromes and established coronary artery disease—KOZANI STUDY. Translational Research 2010; 155(5): 238-46.
  • Referans18 Li L, Zeng H, Chen J-X. Apelin-13 increases myocardial progenitor cells and improves repair postmyocardial infarction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2012; 303(5): H605-H18.
  • Referans19 Trayhurn P, Bing C, Wood IS. Adipose tissue and adipokines-energy regulation from the human perspective. The Journal of nutrition 2006; 136(7): 1935S-9S.
  • Referans20 Ziora K, Oswiecimska J, Swietochowska E, Ziora D, Ostrowska Z, Stojewska M, et al. Assessment of serum apelin levels in girls with anorexia nervosa. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2010; 95(6): 2935-41.
  • Referans21 Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tang Y, Yang M, Yang H, et al. Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes 2006; 114(10): 544-8.
  • Referans22 Tai ES, Goh SY, Lee JJ, Wong MS, Heng D, Hughes K, et al . Lowering the Criterion for Impaired Fasting Glucose Impact on disease prevalence and associated risk of diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(7): 1728-34.
  • Referans23 Blake DR, Meigs JB, Muller DC, Najjar SS, Andres R, Nathan DM. Impaired glucose tolerance, but not impaired fasting glucose, is associated with increased levels of coronary heart disease risk factors results from the Baltimore longitudinal study on aging. Diabetes 2004; 53(8): 2095-100.
  • Referans24 Hollenbeck C, Reaven GM. Variations in Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Healthy Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1987; 64(6): 1169-73.
  • Referans25 Cavallo MG, Sentinelli F, Barchetta I, Costantino C, Incani M, Perra L, et al. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with increased serum apelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PloS one 2012; 7(12): e51236.
  • Referans26 Chong KS, Gardner RS, Morton JJ, Ashley EA, McDonagh TA. Plasma concentrations of the novel peptide apelin are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. European journal of heart failure 2006; 8(4): 355-60.
  • Referans27 Erdem G, Dogru T, Tasci I, Sonmez A, Tapan S. Low plasma apelin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes 2008; 116(5): 289-92.
  • Referans28 Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GD, Collins R, Kostis JB, et al. Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration, Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 2005; 294(14): 1799-809.
  • Referans29 Meade T, Brozovic M, Chakrabarti R, Miller GJ, Chakrabarti RR, North WR, et al. Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park Heart Study. The Lancet 1986; 328(8506): 533-7.
  • Referans30 Ashley EA, Powers J, Chen M, Kundu R, Finsterbach T, Caffarelli A, et al. The endogenous peptide apelin potently improves cardiac contractility and reduces cardiac loading in vivo. Cardiovascular research 2005; 65(1): 73-82.
  • Referans31 Ellinor PT, Low AF, MacRae CA. Reduced apelin levels in lone atrial fibrillation. European heart journal 2006; 27(2): 222-6.
  • Referans32 Simpkin JC, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, Lim SY, Wynne AM, Smith CC. Apelin-13 and apelin-36 exhibit direct cardioprotective activity against ischemia reperfusion injury. Basic research in cardiology 2007; 102(6): 518-28.
  • Referans33 Tasci I , Erdem G, Ozgur G, Tapan S, Dogru T, Genc H, et al. LDL-cholesterol lowering increases plasma apelin in isolated hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204(1): 222-8.
  • Referans34 Gourdy P, Cazals L, Thalamas C, Sommet A, Calvas F, Galitzky M, et al . Apelin administration improves insulin sensitivity in overweight men during hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jan;20(1):157-164.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research
Authors

Zeynep Mine Yalçınkaya Kara 0000-0001-6940-7667

Erdinç Serin This is me 0000-0002-4670-2708

İsmail Dağ 0000-0002-9432-7965

Özden Serin This is me 0000-0003-2722-0612

Publication Date September 30, 2019
Acceptance Date March 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 44 Issue: 3

Cite

MLA Yalçınkaya Kara, Zeynep Mine et al. “Serum Apelin-36 Levels in Pre-Diabetics and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, 2019, pp. 1094-01, doi:10.17826/cumj.504415.