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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on adults’ dietary behaviors, physical activity and stress levels

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 283 - 291, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.794585

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of restrictions applied in the COVID-19 pandemic in the diet behaviors, physical activities and stress levels of adults in Turkish population with this study.
Materials and Methods: This study, designed as a cross-sectional type, was conducted publicly with people who are 18 years old and over this age and living in different provinces of Turkey between 9-18 June 2020. Due to the measures of the pandemic process, the data were collected by electronic survey from 579. Participant Information Form, Dietary Behavior Form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and a four-item form of the Perceived Stress Scale were used to collect the research data.
Results: Of the participants, 69.7% consumed their favorite foods more, 70.4% increased the frequency of snacking after meals, 74.8% increased tea and coffee consumption, 65.1% increased consumption of sugary foods such as chocolate and sweets, 68.9% increased flour and bakery products, and 67.9% increased the fruit consumption. 54.1% of the participants, 56.3% of the women and 48.1% of the men were inactive. Perceived stress level of women was higher and the difference was significant.
Conclusion: During pandemics period, that the popular foods were consumed more, nearly half of the participants in the study and more than half of the women spent the whole day in a closed environment and more than half of the participants were inactive.

References

  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 Nedir? https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir.html (accessed sep 2020).
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov (accessed sep 2020).
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang, B, Song J et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020; 382(8): 727-733.
  • Hossain MM, Sultana A, Purohit N. Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: A systematic umbrella review of the global evidence. SSRN Electron. J. 2020; 42: e2020038.
  • Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1583.
  • Hu Z, Lin X, Kaminga AC, Xu H. Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association With Subjective Well-Being Among the General Population in Mainland China: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 25;22(8): e21176.
  • Antunes R, Frontini R, Amaro N, Salvador R, Matos R, Morouço P et al. Exploring lifestyle habits, physical activity, anxiety and basic psychological needs in a sample of portuguese adults during COVID-19. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020; 17(12): 4360.
  • Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 2020; 1-6.
  • Stay physically active during self-quarantine; WHO- euro, 2020. Available online: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/technical-guidance/stay-physically-active-during-self-quarantine
  • World Health Organization. Food and Nutrition during Self-Quarantine: What to Choose and How to Eat Healthy. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/technical-guidance/food-and-nutrition-tips-during-self-quarantine (accessed sep 2020).
  • Martinez-Ferran M, de la Guía-Galipienso F, Sanchis-Gomar F, & Pareja-Galeano H. Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits. Nutrients, 2020; 12(6): 1549.
  • Todisco P, Donini LM. Eating disorders and obesity (ED&O) in the COVID-19 storm. Eating and Weight Disorders, 2020.
  • Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 14;395(10227): 912–20.
  • Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health. 2020; 16(1): 1-11.
  • Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull, FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U. Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012; 380, 247–257.
  • GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 2016; 388(10053):1659-1724
  • World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncdprofiles-2018/en/ (accessed sep 2020).
  • Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012; 21; 38(9838): 294-305.
  • Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Cocchi C, Farinetti A. COVID 19 outbreak: impact of the quarantine-induced stress on cardiovascular disease risk burden. 2020; 30. doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0055
  • Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(8): 1381-95.
  • Öztürk M. Üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerde Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. [Bilim Uzmanlığı Tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2005.
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983; 24(4): 385‐ 396.
  • Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symp J. 2013; 51(3): 132‐ 140.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar çok paydaşlı eylem planı, 2017-2025. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/%C3%A7ok%20payda%C5%9Fl%C4%B1%20eylem.pdf (accessed oct 2020).
  • Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2015, 162, 123–132.
  • Braden A, Musher-eizenman D, Watford T, Emley E. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: Are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite.2018;125:410–417.
  • Schneider KL, Panza E, Appelhans BM, Whited MC, Oleski JL, Pagoto SL. The emotional eating scale. Can a self-report measure predict observed emotional eating? Appetite. 2012; 58: 563–566.
  • Torres SJ, Nowson CA. Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition. 2007; 23(11-12): 887-894.
  • Rodríguez-Martín BC, Meule A. Food craving: new contributions on its assessment, moderators, and consequences Front. Psychol.2015; 6: 21.
  • Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(3): 228–229.
  • Zhang J, Lu H, Zeng H, Zhang S, Du Q, Jiang T, et al. The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 49–50.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) Gender and women’s mental health: Gender disparities and mental health: The Facts 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/ (accessed oct 2020).

COVID-19 pandemisinin yetişkinlerin diyet davranışları, fiziksel aktivite ve stres düzeyleri üzerine etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 283 - 291, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.794585

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile COVID-19 pandemisi kısıtlamalarında Türk toplumundaki yetişkinlerin diyet davranışları, fiziksel aktivite ve stres düzeylerindeki değişimin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte tasarlanan bu çalışma, 9-18 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzerindeki herkese açık olarak yapılmıştır. Pandemi süreci tedbirleri nedeniyle veriler elektronik anketlerle toplanmıştır. Veri toplama araçlarını dolduran 579 kişi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında tanıtıcı bilgi formu, diyet davranışı formu, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi- Kısa Formu ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin dört maddelik formu kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların, %69.7’sinin sevdiği gıdaları daha fazla tükettiği, %70.4’ünün yemeklerden sonra atıştırma sıklığının arttığı, %74.8’inin çay ve kahve, %65.1’inin çikolata ve tatlı gibi şekerli gıda, %68.9’unun un ve unlu mamul ve %67.9’unun meyve tüketiminin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %54.1’inin, kadınların %56.3’ünün, erkeklerin ise %48.1’inin inaktif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadınların algılanan stres seviyesinin daha yüksek olduğu ve farkın anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur .
Sonuç: Kısıtlamalar süresince sevilen gıdaların daha fazla tüketildiği, çalışmaya katılanların yarısına yakının, kadınların ise yarısından fazlasının tüm günü kapalı ortamda geçirdiği ve katılımcıların yarısından fazlasının inaktif olduğu bulunmuştur.

References

  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 Nedir? https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir.html (accessed sep 2020).
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov (accessed sep 2020).
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang, B, Song J et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020; 382(8): 727-733.
  • Hossain MM, Sultana A, Purohit N. Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: A systematic umbrella review of the global evidence. SSRN Electron. J. 2020; 42: e2020038.
  • Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1583.
  • Hu Z, Lin X, Kaminga AC, Xu H. Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association With Subjective Well-Being Among the General Population in Mainland China: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 25;22(8): e21176.
  • Antunes R, Frontini R, Amaro N, Salvador R, Matos R, Morouço P et al. Exploring lifestyle habits, physical activity, anxiety and basic psychological needs in a sample of portuguese adults during COVID-19. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020; 17(12): 4360.
  • Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 2020; 1-6.
  • Stay physically active during self-quarantine; WHO- euro, 2020. Available online: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/technical-guidance/stay-physically-active-during-self-quarantine
  • World Health Organization. Food and Nutrition during Self-Quarantine: What to Choose and How to Eat Healthy. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/technical-guidance/food-and-nutrition-tips-during-self-quarantine (accessed sep 2020).
  • Martinez-Ferran M, de la Guía-Galipienso F, Sanchis-Gomar F, & Pareja-Galeano H. Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits. Nutrients, 2020; 12(6): 1549.
  • Todisco P, Donini LM. Eating disorders and obesity (ED&O) in the COVID-19 storm. Eating and Weight Disorders, 2020.
  • Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 14;395(10227): 912–20.
  • Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health. 2020; 16(1): 1-11.
  • Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull, FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U. Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012; 380, 247–257.
  • GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 2016; 388(10053):1659-1724
  • World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncdprofiles-2018/en/ (accessed sep 2020).
  • Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012; 21; 38(9838): 294-305.
  • Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Cocchi C, Farinetti A. COVID 19 outbreak: impact of the quarantine-induced stress on cardiovascular disease risk burden. 2020; 30. doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0055
  • Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(8): 1381-95.
  • Öztürk M. Üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerde Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. [Bilim Uzmanlığı Tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2005.
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983; 24(4): 385‐ 396.
  • Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symp J. 2013; 51(3): 132‐ 140.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar çok paydaşlı eylem planı, 2017-2025. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/%C3%A7ok%20payda%C5%9Fl%C4%B1%20eylem.pdf (accessed oct 2020).
  • Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2015, 162, 123–132.
  • Braden A, Musher-eizenman D, Watford T, Emley E. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: Are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite.2018;125:410–417.
  • Schneider KL, Panza E, Appelhans BM, Whited MC, Oleski JL, Pagoto SL. The emotional eating scale. Can a self-report measure predict observed emotional eating? Appetite. 2012; 58: 563–566.
  • Torres SJ, Nowson CA. Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition. 2007; 23(11-12): 887-894.
  • Rodríguez-Martín BC, Meule A. Food craving: new contributions on its assessment, moderators, and consequences Front. Psychol.2015; 6: 21.
  • Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(3): 228–229.
  • Zhang J, Lu H, Zeng H, Zhang S, Du Q, Jiang T, et al. The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 49–50.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) Gender and women’s mental health: Gender disparities and mental health: The Facts 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/ (accessed oct 2020).
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Gülyeter Erdoğan Yüce 0000-0002-2322-0511

Gamze Muz 0000-0002-1452-9250

Publication Date March 31, 2021
Acceptance Date October 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter and Gamze Muz. “COVID-19 Pandemisinin yetişkinlerin Diyet davranışları, Fiziksel Aktivite Ve Stres düzeyleri üzerine Etkisi”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, 2021, pp. 283-91, doi:10.17826/cumj.794585.

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