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Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 609 - 628, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661613

Abstract

Makedonya kralı II. Philippos oğlu III. Aleksandros, göreve gelmesiyle birlikte öncelikle bağımsızlık ideali güden Hellen polis’lerinin bulunduğu coğrafyada hakimiyetini güçlendirmiş ve ardından, ilerleyen seferleri ile Doğu’da monarşi sistemiyle yöneltilen uyruklara egemen olmuştur. Makedonya’dan Indos’a dek bambaşka coğrafyalar, toplumlar ve gelenekler ile temasa geçen Makedon kralı, farklı toplumlarla kendi ideolojisi arasındaki düşünce ve çıkar ayrılıklarını uyuşturma, toplumsal uzlaşıyı sağlama aşamasında, Hellen inanç geleneğine özgü kimi mitolojik unsurları bir tür birleştirici propaganda ve diplomasi aracı olarak kullanmış ve böylelikle Hellenizasyon döneminin temelini atmıştır. Doküman analizi yöntemiyle ele alınan bu çalışmanın amacı; III. Aleksandros’un egemenlik diplomasisinde hangi mitosları ne amaçla ve nasıl kullandığının, mitolojik gelenekler ve soy bağları göz önünde bulundurularak irdelenmesi ve bu yönde izlediği diplomasinin, seferlerine etkileri ve sonuçlarının belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda; Aleksandros’un özellikle egemenliğinin ilk yıllarında izlediği mitolojiyi kullanma yöntemi, Arkaik ve Klasik Hellen toplumlarının devletler arası diplomaside uyguladığı yöntemlerle paralellik gösterdiğinden, çalışmanın Giriş bölümünde kısaca Hellen devletler arası diplomaside mitolojinin kullanım geleneğine de örneklerle değinilecektir.

References

  • Antela-Bernárdez 2016 Borja Antela-Bernárdez, “Like Gods among Men. The Use of Religion and Mythical Issues during Alexander’s Campaign”, Krzysztof Ulanowski (ed.), The Religious Aspects of War in the Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome: Ancient Warfare Series, vol. 1, Brill, Leiden, Boston, s. 235-255. Agizza 2001 Roza Agizza, Antik Yunan’da Mitoloji: Masallar ve Söylenceler, çev. Zühre İlkgelen, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul. Arr. anab. (= Arrianus, Anabasis) Ind. (= Indica) Arrian. Anabasis of Alexander, Volume I: Books 1-4, Volume II: Books 5-7. Indica. Translated by P. A. Brunt, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976, 1983. Bacon 1961 Helen Bacon, Barbarians in Greek Tragedy, Yale University Press, New Haven. Beck 2014 Hans Beck, "Ethnic Identity and Integration in Boeotia: The Evidence of the Inscriptions (6th and 5th Centuries BC)", Nikolaos Papazarkadas (ed.), The Epigraphy and History of Boeotia: New Finds New Prospects, Brill, Leiden, s.19-45. Beck ve Ganter 2015 Hans Beck - A. Ganter, “Boiotia and Boiotian Leagues”, Hans Beck, Peter Funke (ed.), Federalism in Greek Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, s. 132–157. Bernal 1987 Martin Bernal, Black Athena: The linguistic evidence, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. Borza 1982 E. N. Borza, “Athenians, Macedonians, and the Origins of Macedonian Royal House”, Hesperia, Supplement 19, s.7-13. Bosworth 1993 A.B. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. CAH III². 3 The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., vol. 3, part 3, The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC, John Boardman - N. G. L. Hammond (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1982. Cameron 2017 Alan Cameron, Callimachus and His Critics, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New Jersey. Carney 2006 Elizabeth Carney, Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great, Routledge, New York-London. Carradice 1995 Ian Carradice, Greek Coins, British Museum Press. London. Cawthorne 2004 Nigel Cawthorne, Alexander the Great, Haus Publishing, London. Cropp 2005 Martin Cropp, “Lost Tragedies: A Survey”, J. Gregory (ed.), A Companion to Greek Tragedy, Blackwell, Malden, MA, Oxford, s. 271-292. Csapo 2016 Eric Csapo, “The “theology” of the Dionysia and Old Comedy”, E. Eidinow, J. Kindt, and R. Osborne (ed.), Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion, Cambridge University Press, New York, s. 117-152. Curt. (= Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis) Quintus Curtius Rufus. History of Alexander, Volume I: Books 1-5, Volume II: Books 6-10. Translated by J. C. Rolfe, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1946. Dahlaquist 1996 Allan Dahlaquist, Megasthenes and Indian Religion: A Study in Motives and Types, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., Delhi. Dillon 2017 Matthew Dillon, Omens and Oracles: Divination in Ancient Greece, Routledge, London, New York. Diod. (=Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheke Historike) Diodorus Siculus. Library of History, Volume VIII: Books 16.66-17. Translated by C. Bradford Welles, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1963. Dowden 2012 Ken Dowden, “Memory Shift: Reinventing the Mythology, 100 BC-AD 100”, Martin Bommas, Juliette Harrisson, Phoebe Roy (ed.), Memory and Urban Religion in the Ancient World, Bloomsbury Publishing, London-New York, s. 129-148. Erickson 2018 Kyle Erickson, “Son of Heracles: Anthony and Alexander in the Late Republic”, K. R. Moore (ed.), Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great, Brill, Leiden, Boston, s. 254-274. Eur. Andr. (= Euripides, Andromache) Euripides. Children of Heracles. Hippolytus. Andromache. Hecuba. Translated by David Kovacs, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995. Eur. Bacch. (= Euripides, Bacchae) Euripides. Bacchae. Iphigenia at Aulis. Rhesus. Translated by David Kovacs. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003. Friesen 2015 Courtney J.P. Friesen, Reading Dionysus: Euripides' Bacchae and the Cultural Contestations of Greeks, Jews, Romans, and Christians, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. Graninger 2011 Denver Graninger, Cult and Koinon in Hellenistic Thessaly, Brill, Leiden, Boston. Green 2013 Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: A Historical Biography, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles. Grimal 2012 Pierre Grimal, Mitoloji Sözlüğü, çev. Sevgi Tamgüç, Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul. Hall 1989 Edith Hall, Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-Definition through Tragedy, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Hammond 1983 N. G. L. Hammond, Three historians of Alexander the Great, The So-called Vulgate Authors, Diodorus, Justin and Curtius, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hdt. (=Herodotus) Herodotus. The Persian Wars, Volume I: Books 1-2, Volume II: Books 3-4, Volume III: Books 5-7, Volume IV: Books 8-9. Translated by A. D. Godley, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1925. Head 1911² B. V. Head, Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Hornblower-Matthews (ed.) 2018 S. Hornblower-E. Matthews (eds.) The Returning Hero: Nostoi and Traditions of Mediterranean Settlement, Oxford University Press. Oxford. Isoc. Archid. (Isocrates, Archidamus) Isocrates. To Demonicus. To Nicocles. Nicocles or the Cyprians. Panegyricus. To Philip. Archidamus. Translated by George Norlin. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1928. Keen ve Fischer-Hansen 2004 Keen, A.G. & T. Fischer-Hansen 2004. 'The South Coast of Asia Minor (Pamphylia, Kilikia), Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen (ed.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, s. 1211-1222 Kraay 1976 C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins, Methuen, London. Mac Sweeney 2018 Naoíse Mac Sweeney, Troy: Myth, City, Icon, Bloomsbury Publishing, London, New York. Martin ve Blackwell 2012 Thomas R. Martin - Christopher W. Blackwell, Alexander the Great: The Story of an Ancient Life, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Momigliano 1978 A. Momigliano, "Greek Historiography", History and Theory 17, s. 1-28. Mørkholm 1991 Otto Mørkholm, Early Hellenistic Coinage from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 BC), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Patterson 2010 Lee E. Patterson, Kingship Myth in Ancient Greece, University of Texas Press, Austin. Plin. NH. (= G. Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia) Pliny. Natural History, Volume II: Books 3-7. Translated by H. Rackham. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1942. Plut. Alex. (=Plutarch, Alexandros) Plutarch. Lives, Volume VII: Demosthenes and Cicero. Alexander and Caesar. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1919. Plut. Sol. (=Plutarch Solon) Plutarch. Lives, Volume I: Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1914. SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum Sommerstein ve Bayliss 2012 Alan H. Sommerstein - Andrew James Bayliss, Oath and State in Ancient Greece, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. Stoneman 1994 Richard Stoneman “The Alexander Romance: From History to Fiction”, J.R. Morgan, R. Stoneman (ed.), Greek Fiction: The Greek Novel in Context, Routledge, London- New York, s. 117-129. Stoneman 2019 Richard Stoneman, The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks, Princeton University Press, Princeton-Oxford. Strab. (= Strabon, Geographika) Strabo. Geography, Volume II: Books 3-5, Volume VI: Books 13-14, Volume VII: Books 15-16, Volume VIII: Book 17. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1932. Tarn 2003 W. W. Tarn, Alexander the Great: Volume 2, Sources and Studies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Thuc. (= Thucydides) Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume I: Books 1-2. Translated by C. F. Smith, Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA, 1919. Wickersham 1991 J. M. Wickersham, “Myth and Identity in the Archaic Polis”, D. Carlisky Pozzi, John Moore Wickersham (ed.), Myth and the Polis, Cornell University Press, Ithaca-London, s. 16-31. Worthington 2003 Ian Worthington, “Alexander, Philip, and the Macedonian Background”, J. Roisman (ed.), Brills Companion to Alexander the Great, Brill, Leiden-Boston, s. 69-98. Zacharia 2003 Katerina Zacharia, Converging Truths: Euripides' Ion and the Athenian Quest for Self-Definition, Brill, Leiden-Boston. Zambrini 2007 Andrea Zambrini “The Historians of Alexander the Great”, John Marincola (ed.), A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. vol. 1, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, s. 210–220. Zuwiyya (ed.) 2011 David Zuwiyya (ed.) A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages, Brill, Leiden-Boston.

Alexander the Great’s Use of Mythology in His Sovereignty Diplomacy

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 609 - 628, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661613

Abstract

Alexander the Great, as the new king of Macedonian state, began his reign by strengthening his dominance over the geography of Greek poleis, which always held their own independence above all and then with his advancing expeditions he dominated the nations under the rule of the eastern monarchs. From Macedonia to Indos, he came into contact with completely different geographies, societies and traditions and he used his knowledge of traditional Greek mythology and mythical genealogies as a diplomatic tool of propaganda in the process of assimilating to Greek thoughts, customs and interests, those of the different nations he had taken under his own sovereignty in order to achieve social reconciliation and thus to unite the peoples under his own ideology. So, he began to pave the way to Hellenization and the Hellenistic period. The purpose of this study, which employs the document analysis method, is to examine the ancient sources related to the subject in order to find out how Alexander the Great used Greek beliefs and particularly myths in his sovereignty diplomacy and to determine the effects and achievements of his policy. Since Alexander the Great’s method of using mythology which he followed especially in the early years of his rule parallels with the methods applied by Archaic and Classical Greek societies, the introduction of this article will briefly deal with the traditional use of mythology in Greek interstate politics.

References

  • Antela-Bernárdez 2016 Borja Antela-Bernárdez, “Like Gods among Men. The Use of Religion and Mythical Issues during Alexander’s Campaign”, Krzysztof Ulanowski (ed.), The Religious Aspects of War in the Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome: Ancient Warfare Series, vol. 1, Brill, Leiden, Boston, s. 235-255. Agizza 2001 Roza Agizza, Antik Yunan’da Mitoloji: Masallar ve Söylenceler, çev. Zühre İlkgelen, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul. Arr. anab. (= Arrianus, Anabasis) Ind. (= Indica) Arrian. Anabasis of Alexander, Volume I: Books 1-4, Volume II: Books 5-7. Indica. Translated by P. A. Brunt, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976, 1983. Bacon 1961 Helen Bacon, Barbarians in Greek Tragedy, Yale University Press, New Haven. Beck 2014 Hans Beck, "Ethnic Identity and Integration in Boeotia: The Evidence of the Inscriptions (6th and 5th Centuries BC)", Nikolaos Papazarkadas (ed.), The Epigraphy and History of Boeotia: New Finds New Prospects, Brill, Leiden, s.19-45. Beck ve Ganter 2015 Hans Beck - A. Ganter, “Boiotia and Boiotian Leagues”, Hans Beck, Peter Funke (ed.), Federalism in Greek Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, s. 132–157. Bernal 1987 Martin Bernal, Black Athena: The linguistic evidence, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. Borza 1982 E. N. Borza, “Athenians, Macedonians, and the Origins of Macedonian Royal House”, Hesperia, Supplement 19, s.7-13. Bosworth 1993 A.B. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. CAH III². 3 The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., vol. 3, part 3, The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC, John Boardman - N. G. L. Hammond (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1982. Cameron 2017 Alan Cameron, Callimachus and His Critics, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New Jersey. Carney 2006 Elizabeth Carney, Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great, Routledge, New York-London. Carradice 1995 Ian Carradice, Greek Coins, British Museum Press. London. Cawthorne 2004 Nigel Cawthorne, Alexander the Great, Haus Publishing, London. Cropp 2005 Martin Cropp, “Lost Tragedies: A Survey”, J. Gregory (ed.), A Companion to Greek Tragedy, Blackwell, Malden, MA, Oxford, s. 271-292. Csapo 2016 Eric Csapo, “The “theology” of the Dionysia and Old Comedy”, E. Eidinow, J. Kindt, and R. Osborne (ed.), Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion, Cambridge University Press, New York, s. 117-152. Curt. (= Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis) Quintus Curtius Rufus. History of Alexander, Volume I: Books 1-5, Volume II: Books 6-10. Translated by J. C. Rolfe, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1946. Dahlaquist 1996 Allan Dahlaquist, Megasthenes and Indian Religion: A Study in Motives and Types, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., Delhi. Dillon 2017 Matthew Dillon, Omens and Oracles: Divination in Ancient Greece, Routledge, London, New York. Diod. (=Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheke Historike) Diodorus Siculus. Library of History, Volume VIII: Books 16.66-17. Translated by C. Bradford Welles, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1963. Dowden 2012 Ken Dowden, “Memory Shift: Reinventing the Mythology, 100 BC-AD 100”, Martin Bommas, Juliette Harrisson, Phoebe Roy (ed.), Memory and Urban Religion in the Ancient World, Bloomsbury Publishing, London-New York, s. 129-148. Erickson 2018 Kyle Erickson, “Son of Heracles: Anthony and Alexander in the Late Republic”, K. R. Moore (ed.), Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great, Brill, Leiden, Boston, s. 254-274. Eur. Andr. (= Euripides, Andromache) Euripides. Children of Heracles. Hippolytus. Andromache. Hecuba. Translated by David Kovacs, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995. Eur. Bacch. (= Euripides, Bacchae) Euripides. Bacchae. Iphigenia at Aulis. Rhesus. Translated by David Kovacs. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003. Friesen 2015 Courtney J.P. Friesen, Reading Dionysus: Euripides' Bacchae and the Cultural Contestations of Greeks, Jews, Romans, and Christians, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. Graninger 2011 Denver Graninger, Cult and Koinon in Hellenistic Thessaly, Brill, Leiden, Boston. Green 2013 Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: A Historical Biography, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles. Grimal 2012 Pierre Grimal, Mitoloji Sözlüğü, çev. Sevgi Tamgüç, Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul. Hall 1989 Edith Hall, Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-Definition through Tragedy, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Hammond 1983 N. G. L. Hammond, Three historians of Alexander the Great, The So-called Vulgate Authors, Diodorus, Justin and Curtius, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hdt. (=Herodotus) Herodotus. The Persian Wars, Volume I: Books 1-2, Volume II: Books 3-4, Volume III: Books 5-7, Volume IV: Books 8-9. Translated by A. D. Godley, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1925. Head 1911² B. V. Head, Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Hornblower-Matthews (ed.) 2018 S. Hornblower-E. Matthews (eds.) The Returning Hero: Nostoi and Traditions of Mediterranean Settlement, Oxford University Press. Oxford. Isoc. Archid. (Isocrates, Archidamus) Isocrates. To Demonicus. To Nicocles. Nicocles or the Cyprians. Panegyricus. To Philip. Archidamus. Translated by George Norlin. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1928. Keen ve Fischer-Hansen 2004 Keen, A.G. & T. Fischer-Hansen 2004. 'The South Coast of Asia Minor (Pamphylia, Kilikia), Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen (ed.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, s. 1211-1222 Kraay 1976 C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins, Methuen, London. Mac Sweeney 2018 Naoíse Mac Sweeney, Troy: Myth, City, Icon, Bloomsbury Publishing, London, New York. Martin ve Blackwell 2012 Thomas R. Martin - Christopher W. Blackwell, Alexander the Great: The Story of an Ancient Life, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Momigliano 1978 A. Momigliano, "Greek Historiography", History and Theory 17, s. 1-28. Mørkholm 1991 Otto Mørkholm, Early Hellenistic Coinage from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 BC), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Patterson 2010 Lee E. Patterson, Kingship Myth in Ancient Greece, University of Texas Press, Austin. Plin. NH. (= G. Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia) Pliny. Natural History, Volume II: Books 3-7. Translated by H. Rackham. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1942. Plut. Alex. (=Plutarch, Alexandros) Plutarch. Lives, Volume VII: Demosthenes and Cicero. Alexander and Caesar. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1919. Plut. Sol. (=Plutarch Solon) Plutarch. Lives, Volume I: Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1914. SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum Sommerstein ve Bayliss 2012 Alan H. Sommerstein - Andrew James Bayliss, Oath and State in Ancient Greece, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. Stoneman 1994 Richard Stoneman “The Alexander Romance: From History to Fiction”, J.R. Morgan, R. Stoneman (ed.), Greek Fiction: The Greek Novel in Context, Routledge, London- New York, s. 117-129. Stoneman 2019 Richard Stoneman, The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks, Princeton University Press, Princeton-Oxford. Strab. (= Strabon, Geographika) Strabo. Geography, Volume II: Books 3-5, Volume VI: Books 13-14, Volume VII: Books 15-16, Volume VIII: Book 17. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1932. Tarn 2003 W. W. Tarn, Alexander the Great: Volume 2, Sources and Studies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Thuc. (= Thucydides) Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume I: Books 1-2. Translated by C. F. Smith, Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA, 1919. Wickersham 1991 J. M. Wickersham, “Myth and Identity in the Archaic Polis”, D. Carlisky Pozzi, John Moore Wickersham (ed.), Myth and the Polis, Cornell University Press, Ithaca-London, s. 16-31. Worthington 2003 Ian Worthington, “Alexander, Philip, and the Macedonian Background”, J. Roisman (ed.), Brills Companion to Alexander the Great, Brill, Leiden-Boston, s. 69-98. Zacharia 2003 Katerina Zacharia, Converging Truths: Euripides' Ion and the Athenian Quest for Self-Definition, Brill, Leiden-Boston. Zambrini 2007 Andrea Zambrini “The Historians of Alexander the Great”, John Marincola (ed.), A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. vol. 1, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, s. 210–220. Zuwiyya (ed.) 2011 David Zuwiyya (ed.) A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section ARTICLES
Authors

Sultan Deniz Küçüker 0000-0002-9949-6805

Publication Date December 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 34 Issue: 2

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APA Küçüker, S. D. (2019). Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 34(2), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661613
AMA Küçüker SD. Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı. TID. December 2019;34(2):609-628. doi:10.18513/egetid.661613
Chicago Küçüker, Sultan Deniz. “Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34, no. 2 (December 2019): 609-28. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661613.
EndNote Küçüker SD (December 1, 2019) Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34 2 609–628.
IEEE S. D. Küçüker, “Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı”, TID, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 609–628, 2019, doi: 10.18513/egetid.661613.
ISNAD Küçüker, Sultan Deniz. “Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34/2 (December 2019), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661613.
JAMA Küçüker SD. Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı. TID. 2019;34:609–628.
MLA Küçüker, Sultan Deniz. “Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, vol. 34, no. 2, 2019, pp. 609-28, doi:10.18513/egetid.661613.
Vancouver Küçüker SD. Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı. TID. 2019;34(2):609-28.