Makedon Kral III. Aleksandros’un Egemenlik Diplomasisinde Mitolojinin Kullanımı

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 609 - 628, 30.12.2019

Sultan Deniz Küçüker

https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661613

Abstract

Makedonya kralı II. Philippos oğlu III. Aleksandros, göreve gelmesiyle birlikte öncelikle bağımsızlık ideali güden Hellen polis’lerinin bulunduğu coğrafyada hakimiyetini güçlendirmiş ve ardından, ilerleyen seferleri ile Doğu’da monarşi sistemiyle yöneltilen uyruklara egemen olmuştur. Makedonya’dan Indos’a dek bambaşka coğrafyalar, toplumlar ve gelenekler ile temasa geçen Makedon kralı, farklı toplumlarla kendi ideolojisi arasındaki düşünce ve çıkar ayrılıklarını uyuşturma, toplumsal uzlaşıyı sağlama aşamasında, Hellen inanç geleneğine özgü kimi mitolojik unsurları bir tür birleştirici propaganda ve diplomasi aracı olarak kullanmış ve böylelikle Hellenizasyon döneminin temelini atmıştır. Doküman analizi yöntemiyle ele alınan bu çalışmanın amacı; III. Aleksandros’un egemenlik diplomasisinde hangi mitosları ne amaçla ve nasıl kullandığının, mitolojik gelenekler ve soy bağları göz önünde bulundurularak irdelenmesi ve bu yönde izlediği diplomasinin, seferlerine etkileri ve sonuçlarının belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda; Aleksandros’un özellikle egemenliğinin ilk yıllarında izlediği mitolojiyi kullanma yöntemi, Arkaik ve Klasik Hellen toplumlarının devletler arası diplomaside uyguladığı yöntemlerle paralellik gösterdiğinden, çalışmanın Giriş bölümünde kısaca Hellen devletler arası diplomaside mitolojinin kullanım geleneğine de örneklerle değinilecektir.

Keywords

Büyük İskender, mitoloji, Hindistan, Herakles, Dionysos

Alexander the Great’s Use of Mythology in His Sovereignty Diplomacy

Abstract

Alexander the Great, as the new king of Macedonian state, began his reign by strengthening his dominance over the geography of Greek poleis, which always held their own independence above all and then with his advancing expeditions he dominated the nations under the rule of the eastern monarchs. From Macedonia to Indos, he came into contact with completely different geographies, societies and traditions and he used his knowledge of traditional Greek mythology and mythical genealogies as a diplomatic tool of propaganda in the process of assimilating to Greek thoughts, customs and interests, those of the different nations he had taken under his own sovereignty in order to achieve social reconciliation and thus to unite the peoples under his own ideology. So, he began to pave the way to Hellenization and the Hellenistic period. The purpose of this study, which employs the document analysis method, is to examine the ancient sources related to the subject in order to find out how Alexander the Great used Greek beliefs and particularly myths in his sovereignty diplomacy and to determine the effects and achievements of his policy. Since Alexander the Great’s method of using mythology which he followed especially in the early years of his rule parallels with the methods applied by Archaic and Classical Greek societies, the introduction of this article will briefly deal with the traditional use of mythology in Greek interstate politics.

Keywords

Alexander the Great, mythology, India, Heracles, Dionysus

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