Şeftali meyve sineği, Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae) mücadelesinde bitkisel ekstraktların insektisidal potansiyeli

Year 2016, Volume: 40 Issue: 4, 445 - 453, 20.12.2016

Mohammad Maroof Shah Saira Khan Raza Ahmad İhsan Ul Haq

Abstract

Pakistan'da Himalaya’nın düşük rakımlı bölgelerinde yetişen, Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth (Labiatae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn.(Rutaceae), Calotropis procera Aiton (Dryand) (Apocynaceae), Daphne mucronata Royle (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) ve Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls (Myrtaceae) bitkilerinin metanolik ekstraktlarının %2’lik konsantrasyonlarının Şeftali meyve sineği Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae)’ne karşı etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Tagetes minuta ekstraktı, erkek meyve sineklerine karşı maksimum %73 ölüm oranı gösterirken, dişilerde en fazla ölüm oranı sadece %16.6 ile C. camphora ve I. rugosus ekstraktlarından elde edilmiştir. Maksimum uzaklaştırıcı etkiye %44.4 ile B. albiflora, bunu takiben %42 ile D. mucronata ekstraktları sahip olurken en az sayıda sinek diğerlerine kıyasla bu iki bitki ekstraktında saptanmıştır. En düşük pupa sayısı %3.3 ile T. minuta ekstraktı uygulanan guava meyvelerinden toplanırken; bu oran uygulama yapılmamış olanlardan elde edilen %62.6’lık pupa oranına göre önemli derecede düşük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Erginlerin en düşük sayıları (%0.33), T. minuta ekstraktı uygulanan guava meyvelerinden elde edilirken, uygulama yapılmamış olanlardan %45.3 oranında ergin elde edilmiştir. Pupaların engellenmesi oranı, en yüksek (%94.6) T. minuta ekstraktından elde edilmiştir. Erginlerin ortaya çıkışının engellenmesi %99.2 ile T. minuta ekstraktı için en yüksek olmuştur. Uygulanan diğer bitki ekstraktlarına kıyasla maksimum insektisit potansiyeline sahip olduğu için, T. minuta meyve sineği B. zonata' ya karşı etkili bir pestisit kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. Sonuçlar bitki bazlı insektisitlerin B. zonata'ya karşı entegre zararlı mücadele stratejilerine dahil edilmesinin potansiyel faydaları ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Bactrocera zonata, bitkisel insektisitler, insektisidal aktivitesi

The insecticidal potential of botanical extracts for management of Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842

Abstract

Methanolic extracts of Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth (Labiatae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. (Rutaceae), Calotropis procera Aiton (Dryand) (Apocynaceae), Daphne mucronata Royle (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) and Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls (Myrtaceae), grown in lower Himalayan regions of Pakistan were evaluated at 2% concentration against Peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae). Tagetes minuta extract showed maximum of 73% mortality against male fruit flies and in case of female maximum mortality shown by C. camphora and I. rugosus was only 16.6%. Boenninghausenia albiflora extract had maximum repellence of 44.4% followed by 42% by D. mucronata extract and the minimum number of flies were settled on these two plant extracts as compared to the others. The lowest number of pupae 3.3% as collected from guavas treated with T. minuta extract; this was significantly lower than the 62.6% pupae recovered from untreated guavas. The lowest numbers of adults (0.33%) were recovered from guavas treated with T. minuta extract compared to 45.3% adults from untreated guavas. The pupae inhibition was highest (94.6%) for T. minuta extract. Inhibition of adult emergence was highest i.e. 99.2% for T. minuta extract. Tagetes minuta can be exploited as a potent source of pesticide against fruit fly, B. zonata, due to maximum pesticidal potential as compared to all other plant extracts applied. The results are discussed in relation with potential benefits of incorporating plant based insecticides in integrated pest management strategies against B. zonata.

Keywords

Bactrocera zonata, botanical insecticides, insecticidal activity

References

• Akhtar, N., G. Jilani, R. Mahmood, M. Ashfaque & J. Iqbal, 2004. Effects of plant derivatives on settling response and fecundity of peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 20: 269-274.
• Awad, A. A., N. A. Ali & H. O. Mohamed, 2014. Ultrastructure of the antennal sensillae of male and female peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata. Journal of Insect Science, 14 (45): 1-15.
• El-Aw, M. A. M, K. A. A. Draz, A. G. Hashem & I. R. El-Gendy, 2008. Mortality comparison among Spinosad-, Actara-, Malathion-, and Methomyl-containing baits against peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Applied Science and Research, 4: 216–223.
• Ghosh, A., N. Chowdhury & G. Chandra, 2012. Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides. The Indian Journal of Medical Research,135 (5): 581–598.
• Haq, I., Vreysen, M. J. B., Cáceres, C., Shelly, T. E. & Hendrichs, J., 2014. Methyl eugenol aromatherapy enhances the mating competitiveness of male Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 68: 1-6.
• Isman, M. B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 45-66.
• Iwahashi, O. & T. Majima, 1986. Lek formation and male-male competition in the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae), Applied Entomology and Zoology, 21: 70-75.
• Jimenez, V. J. A., M. A. Hoy & F. S. Davies, 2000. Integrated pest management-compatible pesticides for the guava fruit flies Bactrocera zonata. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 357–367.
• Khattak, M. K., M. F. Shahzad & G. Jilani, 2006. Effect of different extracts of Harmal, Peganum harmala L. rhizomes of Kuth, Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke and Balchar, Valariana officianalis L. on the settling and growth of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders. Pakistan Journal of Entomology, 28 (1): 129-132.
• Kuba, H. & J. Koyama, 1985. Mating behavior of wild melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a field cage: Courtship behaviour. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 20: 365-372.
• Padin, S. B., C. Fuse, M. I. Urrutia & G. M. Dal Bello, 2013. Toxicity and repellency of nine medicinal plants against Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat. Bulletin of Insectology, 66 (1): 45-49.
• Pino, O., Y. Sánchez & M. M. Rojas, 2013. Metabolitos secundarios de origen botánico como una alternativa en el manejo de plagas. I: Antecedentes, enfoques de investigación y tendencias. Revista de Protección Vegetal, 28 (2): 81-94.
• Rehman, J., G. Jilani, M. A. Khan, R. Masih & S. Kanvil, 2009. Repellent and oviposition deterrent effects of indigenous plant extracts to peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders (Diptera: Tephritidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 41: 101-108.
• Shakunthala, N. & J. Thomas, 2001a. Oviposition deterrence of Acorus calamus L. extracts on melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 39: 149-151.
• Shakunthala, N. & J. Thomas, 2001b. Evaluation of chemosterilent effect of Acorus calamus L. extracts on melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 39: 145-148.
• Shehata, N. F., M. W. F. Younes & Y. A. Mahmoud, 2008. Biological studies on the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) in Egypt. Journal of Applied Science and Research, 4: 1103–1106.
• Shelly, T. E., J. Edu & D. O. McInnis, 2010. Pre-release consumption of methyl eugenol increases the mating competitiveness of sterile males of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, in large field enclosures. Journal of Insect Science, 10 (8): 1-16.
• Shivendra, S. & R. P. Singh, 1998. Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel extracts and azadirachtin as oviposition deterrents against the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). Phytoparasitica, 26: 191-197.
• Siddiqi, A. R., G. Jilani, J. U. Rehman & S. Kanvil, 2006. Effect of turmeric extracts on settling response and fecundity of peach fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 38: 131-135.
• Singh, M., D. Gupta, R. Gupta & S. D. Kashyap, 2007. Population dynamics of fruit flies, Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, 33 (2): 292-294.
• Solangi, B. K., R. Sultana, M. S. Wagan & N. Ahmed, 2011. Repellent action of botanical pesticides against fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders in laboratory. Pakistan Journal of Entomology, Karachi, 26 (1): 41-45.
• Steiner, L. F., W. G. Hart, E. J. Harris, R. T. Cunningham, K. Ohinata & D. C. Kamakahi, 1970. Eradication of the oriental fruit fly from the Mariana Islands by the methods of male annihilation and sterile insect release. Journal of Economic Entomology, 63:131-135.
• Stonehouse, J. M., J. D. Mumford & G. Mustafa, 1998. Economic losses to tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 17 (2): 159-164.
• Tan, K. H. & R. Nishida, 2012. Methyl eugenol: its occurrence, distribution, and role in nature, especially in relation to insect behaviour and pollination. Journal of Insect Science,12 (56): 1-74.
• Tare, V., S. Deshpandem & R. Sharma, 2004. Susceptibility of two different strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to plant oils. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 1734–1736.
• Tewari, K. K., 2001. Effect of plant extracts spray on fruit fly transmission of cucumber mosaic virus. Journal of Physical Research, 14: 207-208.
• Van Randen, E. J & B. D. Roitberg, 1998. The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) based insecticides on the survival and development of Juvenile Western cherry fruit fly (Rhagolelis indifferens) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Canadian Entomologist, 130: 869-876.
• Vargas, R. I., J. C. Piñero, R. F. Mau, E. B. Jang, L. M. Klungness, D. O. McInnis, E. B. Harris, G. T. Mc Quate, R. C. Bautista & L. Wong, 2010. Area-wide suppression of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, in Kamuela, Hawaii. Journal of Insect Science, 10 (135): 1-17.
• Vargas, R. I., J. C. Piñero & L. Leblanc, 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the pacific region. Insects, 6 (2): 297-318.
• Walter, J. F., 1999. “Commercial Experience with Plant Products in Relation to Control Fruit Flies, 155-170”. In: Biopesticides: Use and Delivery (Eds. F. R. Hall & J. J. Menn). Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey.