Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Examining the S-400 Missile Deal in the Context of the Public Diplomacy Through International Broadcasting Organizations: The Cases of VOA, RT, and TRT World

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 777 - 793, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.890144

Abstract

New media technologies play a prominent role in building mutual dialogue and long-term relations in public diplomacy activities. As one of the essential dimensions of public diplomacy a means of reaching the target audience is international broadcasting. The aim of this study is to examine the news content of international news organizations financed by the states in the digital media in the context of public diplomacy. From this point of view, the news contents of the S-400 Air Defense Systems Deal between Turkey and Russia are analyzed through the contents of TRT World, Russian Today and Voice of America internet news sites. As a result, it is seen that the criticisms and news of sanctions against Turkey, especially the S-400 agreement, take place more in international broadcasting organizations. At this point, the role of TRT World in public diplomacy activities is crucial to reflecting the perspective of Turkey and eliminating the existing prejudices, concerns and persuading foreign public opinion in the international arena. It has been concluded that international broadcasting is effective in establishing long-term, permanent and dialog-based relations in the international relations environment where the agenda is constantly changing. While making "daily communication and information" through international broadcasting, it should be built by including the processes of other dimensions of public diplomacy.

References

  • Ammon, R. J. (2001). Global television and the shaping of world politics : CNN, telediplomacy, and foreign policy. In McFarland.
  • Aydemir, E. (2016). Dış Politikada Yumuşak Güç ve Medya. İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayıncılık.
  • Baritci, F., & Aydeniz, H. (2019). Kamu Diplomasisi Aracı Olarak Medya: Trt World Örneği. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 6(2), 1551–1576. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.509054
  • Bostancı, M. (2012). Kamu Diplomasisinde Medyanın Rolü ve Önemi. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar Yayınevi.
  • Cull, N. J. (2006, April 18). “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase | USC Center on Public Diplomacy. Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/public-diplomacy-gullion-evolution-phrase
  • Cull, N. J. (2008). Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311952
  • Devran, Y. (2016). Yeni Türkiye’nin Küresel Sesi TRT World: Fırsatlar ve Güçlükler TRT World Television, Global Voice of New Turkey: Opportunities and Challenges. Intermedia International E-Journal, 2(2). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/intermedia/568465
  • Erzen, M. Ü. (2012). Kamu Diplomasisi. İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
  • Keşvelioğlu, A., Alpaslan, O., Edebali, M. A., & Türkcan, M. L. (2019). Turkey’s Procurement of the S-400 System: An Explainer. In TRT WORLD RESEARCH CENTRE. Retrieved from https://researchcentre.trtworld.com/images/files/info-packs/Turkey-S400-infopack.pdf
  • Kibaroğlu, M. (2019). On Turkey’s Missile Defense Strategy: The Four Faces of the S-400 Deal between Turkey and Russia. In PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs (Vol. 24). Retrieved from http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SAM-Papers-
  • Nye, J. S. (2005a). Soft Power: The Means To Success In World Politics. PublicAffairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2005b). Yumuşak Güç. Ankara: Elips Yaynıevi.
  • Nye, J. S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699
  • Özkan, A. (2012, September 7). TASAM | Kamu Diplomasisi ve Medya. Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/4881/kamu_diplomasisi_ve_medya
  • Oztas, T. (2019, March 7). Turkey’s purchase of S-400 system is not at the expense of NATO. TRT WORLD.
  • Pamment, J. (2012). New public diplomacy in the 21st century: A comparative study of policy and practice. In New Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century: A Comparative Study of Policy and Practice. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203096734
  • Potter, E. H. (2002). Information Technology and Canada’s Public Diplomacy. In E. H. POTTER (Ed.), Cyber-Diplomacy (pp. 177–200). McGill-Queen’s University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zt0w.12
  • Russian Today. (n.d.). About RT. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.rt.com/about-us/
  • Sancar, G. A. (n.d.). Kamu Diplomasisinde “İlişki İnşa Etme” Söylemi. Retrieved from http://fletcher.tuftstuch.edu/murrow/public-diplomacy.html
  • Snow, N., & Taylor, P. M. (2008). Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. In N. Snow, N. Snow, & P. M. Taylor (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891520
  • Szondi, G. (n.d.). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: Conceptual Similarities and Differences.
  • TRT World. (n.d.). Our Story. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.trtworld.com/about
  • Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating with the World. In Communicating with the World. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-60512-5
  • Turkey starts paying for Russian S-400 missiles. (2017, September 12). TRT WORLD. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-starts-paying-for-russian-s-400-missiles-10426
  • Turkish President Erdogan says S-400 deal with Russia is a done deal. (2019, March 7).
  • US general hopes Turkey reconsiders purchase of S-400 defence system. (2019, March 6). TRT WORLD. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/americas/us-general-hopes-turkey-reconsiders-purchase-of-s-400-defence-system-24691
  • US suspends F-35 deliveries to Turkey over S-400 deal – Pentagon. (2019, April 1). TRT WORLD. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/us-suspends-f-35-deliveries-to-turkey-over-s-400-deal-pentagon-25465
  • Voice of America. (n.d.). Mission and Values. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.insidevoa.com/p/5831.html
  • Yağmurlu, A. (n.d.). Yağmurlu, Aslı (2007) “Halkla İlişkiler Yöntemi Olarak Kamu Diplomasisi” İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1): 9-38. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/4795612/Yağmurlu_Aslı_2007_Halkla_İlişkiler_Yöntemi_Olarak_Kamu_Diplomasisi_İletişim_Araştırmaları_Dergisi_5_1_9_38

Kamu Diplomasisi Bağlamında S-400 Anlaşması’nın Uluslararası Yayın Kuruluşları Üzerinden İncelenmesi: VOA, RT VE TRT World Örnekleri

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 777 - 793, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.890144

Abstract

Karşılıklı diyalog ve ilişki inşa etmek için yeni bir iletişim ortamı sunan günümüz teknolojisi devletlerin kitlelere yönelik ilişkilerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Geniş kitlelere ulaşmanın bir aracı olarak uluslararası yayıncılık, kamu diplomasisinin önemli boyutlarından biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; devletler tarafından finanse edilen uluslararası haber kuruluşlarının dijital mecralarında yer alan haber içeriklerinin kamu diplomasisi bağlamında incelenmesidir. Buradan hareketle Türkiye ve Rusya arasındaki S-400 Hava Savunma Sistemleri Anlaşmasına dair haberler, uluslararası yayıncılık yapan TRT World, Russian Today ve Voice of America internet haber sitelerinde yer alan içerikler üzerinden analiz yöntemi ile incelenmektedir. Sonuçta, S-400 anlaşmasına özelinde Türkiye’ye yönelik eleştirilerin uluslararası yayın kuruluşlarında daha fazla yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu noktada anlaşmaya taraf olan Türkiye’nin bakış açısının uluslararası alanda yansıtılması, mevcut ön yargıların ve endişelerin ortadan kaldırılması ve yabancı kamuoylarının ikna edilmesi için TRT World’ün varlığı önemlidir. Bununla birlikte gündemin sürekli olarak değiştiği uluslararası ilişkiler ortamında uluslararası yayınlar aracılığıyla ‘günlük iletişim ve bilgilendirme’ yapılırken kamu diplomasinin diğer boyutlarının da sürece dahil edilmesi ile uzun vadeli, kalıcı ve diyaloğa dayalı ilişkiler inşa edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Ammon, R. J. (2001). Global television and the shaping of world politics : CNN, telediplomacy, and foreign policy. In McFarland.
  • Aydemir, E. (2016). Dış Politikada Yumuşak Güç ve Medya. İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayıncılık.
  • Baritci, F., & Aydeniz, H. (2019). Kamu Diplomasisi Aracı Olarak Medya: Trt World Örneği. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 6(2), 1551–1576. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.509054
  • Bostancı, M. (2012). Kamu Diplomasisinde Medyanın Rolü ve Önemi. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar Yayınevi.
  • Cull, N. J. (2006, April 18). “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase | USC Center on Public Diplomacy. Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/public-diplomacy-gullion-evolution-phrase
  • Cull, N. J. (2008). Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311952
  • Devran, Y. (2016). Yeni Türkiye’nin Küresel Sesi TRT World: Fırsatlar ve Güçlükler TRT World Television, Global Voice of New Turkey: Opportunities and Challenges. Intermedia International E-Journal, 2(2). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/intermedia/568465
  • Erzen, M. Ü. (2012). Kamu Diplomasisi. İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
  • Keşvelioğlu, A., Alpaslan, O., Edebali, M. A., & Türkcan, M. L. (2019). Turkey’s Procurement of the S-400 System: An Explainer. In TRT WORLD RESEARCH CENTRE. Retrieved from https://researchcentre.trtworld.com/images/files/info-packs/Turkey-S400-infopack.pdf
  • Kibaroğlu, M. (2019). On Turkey’s Missile Defense Strategy: The Four Faces of the S-400 Deal between Turkey and Russia. In PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs (Vol. 24). Retrieved from http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SAM-Papers-
  • Nye, J. S. (2005a). Soft Power: The Means To Success In World Politics. PublicAffairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2005b). Yumuşak Güç. Ankara: Elips Yaynıevi.
  • Nye, J. S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699
  • Özkan, A. (2012, September 7). TASAM | Kamu Diplomasisi ve Medya. Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/4881/kamu_diplomasisi_ve_medya
  • Oztas, T. (2019, March 7). Turkey’s purchase of S-400 system is not at the expense of NATO. TRT WORLD.
  • Pamment, J. (2012). New public diplomacy in the 21st century: A comparative study of policy and practice. In New Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century: A Comparative Study of Policy and Practice. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203096734
  • Potter, E. H. (2002). Information Technology and Canada’s Public Diplomacy. In E. H. POTTER (Ed.), Cyber-Diplomacy (pp. 177–200). McGill-Queen’s University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zt0w.12
  • Russian Today. (n.d.). About RT. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.rt.com/about-us/
  • Sancar, G. A. (n.d.). Kamu Diplomasisinde “İlişki İnşa Etme” Söylemi. Retrieved from http://fletcher.tuftstuch.edu/murrow/public-diplomacy.html
  • Snow, N., & Taylor, P. M. (2008). Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. In N. Snow, N. Snow, & P. M. Taylor (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891520
  • Szondi, G. (n.d.). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: Conceptual Similarities and Differences.
  • TRT World. (n.d.). Our Story. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.trtworld.com/about
  • Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating with the World. In Communicating with the World. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-60512-5
  • Turkey starts paying for Russian S-400 missiles. (2017, September 12). TRT WORLD. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-starts-paying-for-russian-s-400-missiles-10426
  • Turkish President Erdogan says S-400 deal with Russia is a done deal. (2019, March 7).
  • US general hopes Turkey reconsiders purchase of S-400 defence system. (2019, March 6). TRT WORLD. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/americas/us-general-hopes-turkey-reconsiders-purchase-of-s-400-defence-system-24691
  • US suspends F-35 deliveries to Turkey over S-400 deal – Pentagon. (2019, April 1). TRT WORLD. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/us-suspends-f-35-deliveries-to-turkey-over-s-400-deal-pentagon-25465
  • Voice of America. (n.d.). Mission and Values. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.insidevoa.com/p/5831.html
  • Yağmurlu, A. (n.d.). Yağmurlu, Aslı (2007) “Halkla İlişkiler Yöntemi Olarak Kamu Diplomasisi” İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1): 9-38. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/4795612/Yağmurlu_Aslı_2007_Halkla_İlişkiler_Yöntemi_Olarak_Kamu_Diplomasisi_İletişim_Araştırmaları_Dergisi_5_1_9_38
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Relations
Journal Section Türkçe Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Şeyma Filiz 0000-0003-1335-3684

Publication Date July 30, 2021
Submission Date March 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Filiz, Ş. (2021). Kamu Diplomasisi Bağlamında S-400 Anlaşması’nın Uluslararası Yayın Kuruluşları Üzerinden İncelenmesi: VOA, RT VE TRT World Örnekleri. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 8(2), 777-793. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.890144