Research Article
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The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 123 - 130, 09.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.619945

Abstract

Objective: The
aim of this study was to determine physical activity awareness among university
students, examine the relationship between physical activity and its awareness
level and investigate whether there are differences according to gender. Material
and
Methods: Individuals (n=403)
were assessed by an online form including a socio-demographic form, Cognitive
Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire(CBPAQ), International Physical
Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Daily step counts for 7 days were
taken from participants whom agreed to report (n=162) by using their
smartphone’s pedometer. Results: There
was a significant correlation between physical activity level and the physical
activity awareness (p<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation
between the self-regulation (p<,001) and the outcome expectations (p=,006);
a significant negative correlation between the personal barriers (p=,001).
There was a positive correlation between the number of steps and the physical
activity awareness (p=,02). The effect of the self-regulation on physical
activity behavior in males had a greater effect than in females (p<001), and
personal barriers for women had a greater impact on physical activity than in
males (p=025). Conclusions: It is
thought that social and cognitive factors and gender-specific differences
should be taken into consideration while determining the strategies and setting
targets to promote physical activity.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Dr.Sinem Salar for constructive criticism of the manuscript.

References

  • American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) Spring 2016 Reference Group Executive Summary. (2016). Association ACHA.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health education & behavior, 31(2), 143-164.
  • Behrens, T., & Dinger, M. (2003). A Preliminary Investigation of College Students' Physical Activity Patters. American Journal of Health Studies., 18(2/3), 169-172.
  • Bort-Roig, J., Gilson, N. D., Puig-Ribera, A., Contreras, R. S., & Trost, S. G. (2014). Measuring and influencing physical activity with smartphone technology: a systematic review. Sports medicine, 44(5), 671-686.
  • Brown, S. A., Huber, D., & Bergman, A. (2006). A perceived Benefits and Barriers Scale for strenuous physical activity in college students. Am J Health Promot, 21(2), 137-140.
  • Case, M. A., Burwick, H. A., Volpp, K. G., & Patel, M. S. (2015). Accuracy of smartphone applications and wearable devices for tracking physical activity data. Jama, 313(6), 625-626.
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjorstrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., et al. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395.
  • Deliens, T., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Clarys, P. (2015). Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students: a qualitative study using focus group discussions. BMC Public Health, 15, 201.
  • Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Sallis, J. F., Dunn, A. L., Birnbaum, A. S., Welk, G. J., et al. (2005). Self-management strategies mediate self-efficacy and physical activity. Am J Prev Med, 29(1), 10-18.
  • Eskiler, E., Küçükibiş, F., Gülle, M., & Soyer, F. (2016). The Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire: A study of validity and reliability Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2577-2587.
  • Greaney, M. L., Less, F. D., White, A. A., Dayton, S. F., Riebe, D., Blissmer, B., et al. (2009). College students' barriers and enablers for healthful weight management: a qualitative study. J Nutr Educ Behav, 41(4), 281-286.
  • Haase, A., Steptoe, A., Sallis, J. F., & Wardle, J. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity in university students from 23 countries: associations with health beliefs, risk awareness, and national economic development. Preventive medicine, 39(1), 182-190.
  • Hallam, J. S., & Petosa, R. (2004). The long-term impact of a four-session work-site intervention on selected social cognitive theory variables linked to adult exercise adherence. Health Educ Behav, 31(1), 88-100.
  • Huang, T. T., Harris, K. J., Lee, R. E., Nazir, N., Born, W., & Kaur, H. (2003). Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students. J Am Coll Health, 52(2), 83-86.
  • Keating, X. D., Guan, J., Pinero, J. C., & Bridges, D. M. (2005). A meta-analysis of college students' physical activity behaviors. J Am Coll Health, 54(2), 116-125.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Leslie, E. F., M; Owen, N; Veitch, J;. (2000). A university campus physical activity promotion program. Health Promotion Journal of Australia: Official Journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 10(1), 51-54.
  • Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2009). A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth. Preventive medicine, 48(4), 307-315.
  • Organization, W. H. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health: World Health Organization.
  • Özşaker, M. (2012). Gençlerin serbest zaman aktivitelerine katılamama nedenleri üzerine bir inceleme. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 14(1), 126-131.
  • Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede egitim-ögretim gören ögrencilerde Uluslararasi Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nin geçerliligi ve güvenirligi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi (Research on Reliability and Validity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Determination of Physical Activity Level in University Students). Hacettepe University, Intitute of Health Sciences Mester Thesis, Ankara, Turkiye.
  • Petosa, P. (1993). Use of social cognitive theory to explain exercise behavior among adults. The Ohio State University.
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., Costigan, S. A., Karunamuni, N., & Lubans, D. R. (2013). Social cognitive theories used to explain physical activity behavior in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive medicine, 56(5), 245-253.
  • Rovniak, L. S., Anderson, E. S., Winett, R. A., & Stephens, R. S. (2002). Social cognitive determinants of physical activity in young adults: a prospective structural equation analysis. Ann Behav Med, 24(2), 149-156.
  • S., E. (2018). Sport and physical activity. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission.
  • Savcı, F. D. S., Öztürk, U. F. M., & Arıkan, F. D. H. (2006). Üniversite ö¤ rencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arfl, 34(3), 166-172.
  • Schembre, S. M., Durand, C. P., Blissmer, B. J., & Greene, G. W. (2015). Development and validation of the cognitive behavioral physical activity questionnaire. American Journal of Health Promotion, 30(1), 58-65.
  • Stock, C., Wille, L., & Kramer, A. (2001). Gender-specific health behaviors of German university students predict the interest in campus health promotion. Health Promot Int, 16(2), 145-154.
  • Sullum, J., Clark, M. M., & King, T. K. (2000). Predictors of exercise relapse in a college population. J Am Coll Health, 48(4), 175-180.Townsend, N., Wickramasinghe, K., Williams, J., Bhatnagar, P., & Rayner, M. (2016). Physical Activity Statistics 2015 2015. London: British Heart Foundation Google Scholar.
  • Tudor-Locke, C., Craig, C. L., Aoyagi, Y., Bell, R. C., Croteau, K. A., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., et al. (2011). How many steps/day are enough? For older adults and special populations. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1.
  • Umstattd, M. R., Motl, R., Wilcox, S., Saunders, R., & Watford, M. (2009). Measuring physical activity self-regulation strategies in older adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6(s1), S105-S112.
  • Ünal, B., Ergör, G., Horasan, G., Kalaça, S., & Sözmen, K. (2013). Türkiye kronik hastalıklar ve risk faktörleri sıklığı çalışması. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Young, M. D., Plotnikoff, R. C., Collins, C. E., Callister, R., & Morgan, P. J. (2014). Social cognitive theory and physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev, 15(12), 983-995.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 123 - 130, 09.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.619945

Abstract

Amaç:
Bu
çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencileri arasında fiziksel aktivite
farkındalığını belirlemek, fiziksel aktivite ile farkındalık düzeyi arasındaki
ilişkiyi incelemek ve cinsiyete göre farklılık olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Yöntemler:
Bireyler (n = 403) sosyo-demografik form, Bilişsel Davranışsal Fiziksel
Aktivite Anketi, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa Formu içeren
çevrimiçi bir form ile değerlendirildi. Adım sayısını bildirmeyi kabul eden
gönüllüler (n=162) araştırmayı takip eden ikinci günden başlayarak 7 gün
boyunca her gün adımlarını kaydetmeleri, haftanın sonunda online olarak
gönderilen link üzerinden bildirmeleri istendi. Bulgular: Fiziksel
aktivite seviyesi ile fiziksel aktivite farkındalığı arasında pozitif yönde
anlamlı bir ilişki vardı (p <0.01). Fiziksel aktivite ile öz-düzenleme (p
<, 001) ve sonuç beklentileri (p =, 006) arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir
korelasyon vardı ; kişisel engeller arasında negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyon
vardı (p =, 001). Adım sayısı ile fiziksel aktivite farkındalığı arasında
pozitif bir korelasyon vardı (p =, 02). Öz-düzenleme, fiziksel aktivite
davranışı üzerine erkeklerde kadınlara olan etkisinden daha büyük bir etkiye
sahipti (p <001). Kişisel engeller, fiziksel aktivite davranışı üzerine kadınlarda
erkeklere olan etkisinden daha büyük bir etkiye sahipti (p = ,025). Sonuç: Fiziksel
aktiviteyi teşvik etmek için stratejiler ve hedefler belirlenirken sosyal ve
bilişsel faktörlerin ve cinsiyete özgü farklılıkların dikkate alınması
gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) Spring 2016 Reference Group Executive Summary. (2016). Association ACHA.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health education & behavior, 31(2), 143-164.
  • Behrens, T., & Dinger, M. (2003). A Preliminary Investigation of College Students' Physical Activity Patters. American Journal of Health Studies., 18(2/3), 169-172.
  • Bort-Roig, J., Gilson, N. D., Puig-Ribera, A., Contreras, R. S., & Trost, S. G. (2014). Measuring and influencing physical activity with smartphone technology: a systematic review. Sports medicine, 44(5), 671-686.
  • Brown, S. A., Huber, D., & Bergman, A. (2006). A perceived Benefits and Barriers Scale for strenuous physical activity in college students. Am J Health Promot, 21(2), 137-140.
  • Case, M. A., Burwick, H. A., Volpp, K. G., & Patel, M. S. (2015). Accuracy of smartphone applications and wearable devices for tracking physical activity data. Jama, 313(6), 625-626.
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjorstrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., et al. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395.
  • Deliens, T., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Clarys, P. (2015). Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students: a qualitative study using focus group discussions. BMC Public Health, 15, 201.
  • Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Sallis, J. F., Dunn, A. L., Birnbaum, A. S., Welk, G. J., et al. (2005). Self-management strategies mediate self-efficacy and physical activity. Am J Prev Med, 29(1), 10-18.
  • Eskiler, E., Küçükibiş, F., Gülle, M., & Soyer, F. (2016). The Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire: A study of validity and reliability Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2577-2587.
  • Greaney, M. L., Less, F. D., White, A. A., Dayton, S. F., Riebe, D., Blissmer, B., et al. (2009). College students' barriers and enablers for healthful weight management: a qualitative study. J Nutr Educ Behav, 41(4), 281-286.
  • Haase, A., Steptoe, A., Sallis, J. F., & Wardle, J. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity in university students from 23 countries: associations with health beliefs, risk awareness, and national economic development. Preventive medicine, 39(1), 182-190.
  • Hallam, J. S., & Petosa, R. (2004). The long-term impact of a four-session work-site intervention on selected social cognitive theory variables linked to adult exercise adherence. Health Educ Behav, 31(1), 88-100.
  • Huang, T. T., Harris, K. J., Lee, R. E., Nazir, N., Born, W., & Kaur, H. (2003). Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students. J Am Coll Health, 52(2), 83-86.
  • Keating, X. D., Guan, J., Pinero, J. C., & Bridges, D. M. (2005). A meta-analysis of college students' physical activity behaviors. J Am Coll Health, 54(2), 116-125.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Leslie, E. F., M; Owen, N; Veitch, J;. (2000). A university campus physical activity promotion program. Health Promotion Journal of Australia: Official Journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 10(1), 51-54.
  • Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2009). A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth. Preventive medicine, 48(4), 307-315.
  • Organization, W. H. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health: World Health Organization.
  • Özşaker, M. (2012). Gençlerin serbest zaman aktivitelerine katılamama nedenleri üzerine bir inceleme. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 14(1), 126-131.
  • Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede egitim-ögretim gören ögrencilerde Uluslararasi Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nin geçerliligi ve güvenirligi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi (Research on Reliability and Validity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Determination of Physical Activity Level in University Students). Hacettepe University, Intitute of Health Sciences Mester Thesis, Ankara, Turkiye.
  • Petosa, P. (1993). Use of social cognitive theory to explain exercise behavior among adults. The Ohio State University.
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., Costigan, S. A., Karunamuni, N., & Lubans, D. R. (2013). Social cognitive theories used to explain physical activity behavior in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive medicine, 56(5), 245-253.
  • Rovniak, L. S., Anderson, E. S., Winett, R. A., & Stephens, R. S. (2002). Social cognitive determinants of physical activity in young adults: a prospective structural equation analysis. Ann Behav Med, 24(2), 149-156.
  • S., E. (2018). Sport and physical activity. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission.
  • Savcı, F. D. S., Öztürk, U. F. M., & Arıkan, F. D. H. (2006). Üniversite ö¤ rencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arfl, 34(3), 166-172.
  • Schembre, S. M., Durand, C. P., Blissmer, B. J., & Greene, G. W. (2015). Development and validation of the cognitive behavioral physical activity questionnaire. American Journal of Health Promotion, 30(1), 58-65.
  • Stock, C., Wille, L., & Kramer, A. (2001). Gender-specific health behaviors of German university students predict the interest in campus health promotion. Health Promot Int, 16(2), 145-154.
  • Sullum, J., Clark, M. M., & King, T. K. (2000). Predictors of exercise relapse in a college population. J Am Coll Health, 48(4), 175-180.Townsend, N., Wickramasinghe, K., Williams, J., Bhatnagar, P., & Rayner, M. (2016). Physical Activity Statistics 2015 2015. London: British Heart Foundation Google Scholar.
  • Tudor-Locke, C., Craig, C. L., Aoyagi, Y., Bell, R. C., Croteau, K. A., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., et al. (2011). How many steps/day are enough? For older adults and special populations. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1.
  • Umstattd, M. R., Motl, R., Wilcox, S., Saunders, R., & Watford, M. (2009). Measuring physical activity self-regulation strategies in older adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6(s1), S105-S112.
  • Ünal, B., Ergör, G., Horasan, G., Kalaça, S., & Sözmen, K. (2013). Türkiye kronik hastalıklar ve risk faktörleri sıklığı çalışması. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Young, M. D., Plotnikoff, R. C., Collins, C. E., Callister, R., & Morgan, P. J. (2014). Social cognitive theory and physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev, 15(12), 983-995.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nimet Sermenli Aydın 0000-0002-5319-8044

Hilal Keklicek 0000-0003-3660-0940

Publication Date September 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sermenli Aydın, N., & Keklicek, H. (2020). The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 8(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.619945
AMA Sermenli Aydın N, Keklicek H. The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. September 2020;8(2):123-130. doi:10.30720/ered.619945
Chicago Sermenli Aydın, Nimet, and Hilal Keklicek. “The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 8, no. 2 (September 2020): 123-30. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.619945.
EndNote Sermenli Aydın N, Keklicek H (September 1, 2020) The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 8 2 123–130.
IEEE N. Sermenli Aydın and H. Keklicek, “The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 123–130, 2020, doi: 10.30720/ered.619945.
ISNAD Sermenli Aydın, Nimet - Keklicek, Hilal. “The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 8/2 (September 2020), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.619945.
JAMA Sermenli Aydın N, Keklicek H. The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2020;8:123–130.
MLA Sermenli Aydın, Nimet and Hilal Keklicek. “The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, pp. 123-30, doi:10.30720/ered.619945.
Vancouver Sermenli Aydın N, Keklicek H. The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Awareness Among University Students. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2020;8(2):123-30.

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