Research Article
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Investigation of the Relationship between Health Literacy Level and Adjustment to Chronic Disease in Individuals with Chronic Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1115 - 1123, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the factors related to the level of health literacy of individuals with chronic disease and their effects on adaptation to chronic disease. This cross-sectional-relationship-seeking study was open to all individuals with chronic disease Data were collected between February 3 and April 4, 2021, via online surveys created via Google Forms. Participants were invited to the research from social media platforms. The study sample consisted of 171 people who could read and write in Turkish, were 18 years of age and older, had at least one chronic disease, and volunteered to participate. Data were collected using the patient information form, health literacy scale, and adaptation to chronic diseases scale. It was determined that the average score of the participants' adaptation to chronic disease differs according to the variables of education, occupation and income status, and the level of health literacy differs according to the variables of age, marital status, education, occupation and income status. The patient's age, income status and health literacy level explained 37,8% of the variance in adaptation to chronic disease. In addition, the study determined that the level of health literacy was related to factors such as age, marital status, occupation, education and income status, and health literacy was significantly effective in adapting patients to chronic disease.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2022). “Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2022”. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353048 (Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2022).
  • 2. World Health Organization. (2018) “Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2018”. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274512 (Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2022).
  • 3. Durna, Z. (2012). “Kronik Hastalıklar ve Bakım”. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • 4. Van der Heide, I, Poureslami, I, Mitic, W, Shum, J, Rootman. I. and FitzGerald, J.M. (2018). “Health Literacy in Chronic Disease Management: A Matter of Interaction”. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 102, 134-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.05.010
  • 5. Lloyd, A, Bonner, A. and Dawson-Rose, C. (2014). “The Health Information Practices of People Living with Chronic Health Conditions: Implications for Health Literacy”. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 46 (3), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/096100061348682
  • 6. Rheault, H, Coyer, F, Jones, L. and Bonner, A. (2019). “Health Literacy in Indigenous People with Chronic Disease Living in Remote Australia”. BMC Health Services Research, 19 (1), 523. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4335-3
  • 7. Batterham, R.W, Hawkins, M, Collins, PA, Buchbinder, R. and Osborne, R.H. (2016). “Health Literacy: Applying Current Concepts to Improve Health Services and Reduce Health Inequalities”. Public Health, 132, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.001
  • 8. Rafferty, A.P, Luo, H, Winterbauer, N.L, Bell, R.A, Little, N.R.G. and Imai, S. (2022). “Health Literacy among Adults with Multiple Chronic Health Conditions”. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 28 (2), 610-614. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001352
  • 9. World Health Organization. (2013). “Health Literacy: The Solid Facts”. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/128703/e96854.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2022).
  • 10. Barrett, S.E. and Puryear, J.S. (2006). “Health Literacy: Improving Quality of Care in Primary Care Settings”. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17 (4), 690-697. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0117
  • 11. Dunn, P. and Conard, S. (2018). “Improving Health Literacy in Patients with Chronic Conditions: A Call to Action”. The International Journal of Cardiology, 273, 249-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.090
  • 12. Rheault, H, Coyer, F. and Bonner, A. (2021). “Chronic Disease Health Literacy in First Nations People: A Mixed Methods Study”. The Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30 (17-18), 2683-2695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15757
  • 13. Rasu, R.S, Bawa, W.A, Suminski, R, Snella, K. and Warady, B. (2015). “Health Literacy Impact on National Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 4 (11), 747-755. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.151
  • 14. Baccolini, V, Rosso, A, Di Paolo, C, Isonne, C, Salerno, C, Migliara, G, Prencipe, G.P, Massimi, A, Marzuillo, C, De Vito, C, Villari, P. and Romano, F. (2021). “What Is The Prevalence of Low Health Literacy in European Union Member States? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36 (3), 753-761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06407-8
  • 15. Sørensen, K, Van den Broucke, S, Fullam, J, Doyle, G, Pelikan, J, Slonska, Z, Brand, H. and (HLS-EU) Consortium Health Literacy Project European. (2012). “Health Literacy and Public Health: A Systematic Review and Integration of Definitions and Models”. BMC Public Health, 12 (80), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
  • 16. Özkan, S. (2018). “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyi ve İlişkili Faktörleri Araştırması”. Ankara: Özyurt Matbaacılık
  • 17. Liu, C, Wang, D, Liu, C, Jiang, J, Wang, X, Chen, H, Ju, X. and Zhang, X. (2020). “What Is the Meaning of Health Literacy? A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis”. Family Medicine and Community Health, 8 (2), e000351. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2020-000351
  • 18. Berkman, N.D, Sheridan, S.L, Donahue, K.E, Halpern, D.J. and Crotty, K. (2011). “Low Health Literacy and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review”. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155 (2), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005
  • 19. Pleasant, A. (2013). “Appendix A: Health Literacy Around the World: Part 1 Health Literacy Efforts Outside Of The United States. In Health Literacy: Improving Health, Health Systems, and Health Policy around the World: Workshop Summary”. Washington: National Academies Press.
  • 20. Sørensen, K, Pelikan, J.M, Röthlin, F, Ganahl, K, Slonska, Z, Doyle, G, Fullam, J, Kondilis, B, Agrafiotis, D, Uiters, E, Falcon, M, Mensing, M, Tchamov, K, van den Broucke S, Brand, H. and HLS-EU Consortium. (2015). “Health Literacy in Europe: Comparative Results of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU)”. European Journal of Public Health, 25 (6), 1053-1058. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv043
  • 21. Mackey, L.M, Doody, C, Werner, E.L. and Fullen, B. (2016). “Self-Management Skills in Chronic Disease Management: What Role Does Health Literacy Have?”. Medical Decision Making, 36 (6), 741-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X16638330.
  • 22. Fransen, M.P, von Wagner, C. and Essink-Bot, M.L. (2012). “Diabetes Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy: Ordering Findings from Literature in a Health Literacy Framework”. Patient Education and Counseling, 88 (1), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.11.015
  • 23. Faul, F, Erdfelder, E, Buchner, A. and Lang, A.G. (2009). “Statistical Power Analyses Using G* Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses”. Behavior Research Methods, 41 (4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • 24. Atik, D. and Karatepe, H. (2016). “Scale Development Study: Adaptation to Chronic Illness”. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 32 (1), 135-142.
  • 25. Sørensen, K, Van den Broucke, S, Pelikan, J.M, Fullam, J, Doyle, G, Slonska, Z, Kondilis, B, Stoffels, V, Osborne, R.H, Brand, H. and HLS-EU Consortium. (2013). “Measuring Health Literacy in Populations: Illuminating the Design and Development Process of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q)”. BMC Public Health, 13, 948. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-948
  • 26. Toçi, E, Burazeri, G, Sorensen, K, Jerliu, N, Ramadani, N, Roshi, E. and Brand, H. (2013). “Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Characteristics among Older People in Transitional Kosovo”. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 3 (4), 1646-1658.
  • 27. Aras, Z. ve Temel Bayık, A. (2017) “Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği'nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 25 (2), 85-94.
  • 28. Baker, D.W, Wolf, M.S, Feinglass, J, Thompson, J.A, Gazmararian, J.A. and Huang, J. (2007) “Health Literacy and Mortality among Elderly Persons”. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167 (14), 1503-1509. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.14.1503
  • 29. Temel Bayık, A. ve Çimen, Z. (2017) “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Yaşlı Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı ve Ilişkili Faktörler”. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 33 (3), 105-125.
  • 30. Paasche-Orlow, M.K. and Wolf, M.S. (2007) “The Causal Pathways Linking Health Literacy to Health Outcomes”. American Journal of Health Behavior, Suppl 1, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.supp.S19
  • 31. Stanton, A.L. and Revenson, T.A. (2011). “Adjustment to Chronic Disease: Progress and Promise in Research”. In H.S. Friedman (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Health Psychology (241–268). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • 32. Helgeson, V.S. and Zajdel, M. (2017) “Adjusting to Chronic Health Conditions”. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 545-571. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044014
  • 33. Matthews, K.A. and Gallo, L.C. (2011) “Psychological Perspectives on Pathways Linking Socioeconomic Status and Physical Health”. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 501-530. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.031809.130711
  • 34. Ostini, R. and Kairuz, T. (2014) “Investigating the Association between Health Literacy and Non-Adherence”. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 36 (1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9895-4.
  • 35. Candemir, B, Yıldırım, F, Yaşar, E, Erten, Y. and Göker, B. (2023) “Relationship between Health Literacy and Frailty in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease”. Experimental Aging Research, 49 (3), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2068326

Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1115 - 1123, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039

Abstract

Bu çalışmada kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ile ilişkili faktörlerin ve bunların kronik hastalığa uyum üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel-ilişki arayıcı tipteki bu araştırma kronik hastalığı olan tüm bireylere açık olarak yapılmıştır. Veriler; Google Formlar aracılığıyla oluşturulan çevrimiçi anketler yolu ile 3 Şubat- 4 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar araştırmaya sosyal medya platformlarından davet edilmiştir. Araştırmaya Türkçe okuyup yazabilen, 18 yaş ve üstü, en az bir kronik hastalığı olan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 171 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Veriler hasta bilgi formu, sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği ve kronik hastalıklara uyum ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların kronik hastalığa uyum puan ortalamalarının eğitim, meslek ve gelir durumu değişkenlerine, sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin ise yaş, medeni durum, eğitim, meslek ve gelir durumu değişkenlerine göre farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hastaların yaş, gelir durumu ve sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin kronik hastalığa uyumdaki varyansın %37,8’ini açıklamıştır. Çalışmada, sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yaş, medeni durum, meslek, eğitim ve gelir durumu gibi faktörle ilişkili olduğunu ve sağlık okuryazarlığının hastaların kronik hastalığa uyumunda önemli düzeyde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2022). “Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2022”. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353048 (Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2022).
  • 2. World Health Organization. (2018) “Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2018”. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274512 (Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2022).
  • 3. Durna, Z. (2012). “Kronik Hastalıklar ve Bakım”. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • 4. Van der Heide, I, Poureslami, I, Mitic, W, Shum, J, Rootman. I. and FitzGerald, J.M. (2018). “Health Literacy in Chronic Disease Management: A Matter of Interaction”. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 102, 134-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.05.010
  • 5. Lloyd, A, Bonner, A. and Dawson-Rose, C. (2014). “The Health Information Practices of People Living with Chronic Health Conditions: Implications for Health Literacy”. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 46 (3), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/096100061348682
  • 6. Rheault, H, Coyer, F, Jones, L. and Bonner, A. (2019). “Health Literacy in Indigenous People with Chronic Disease Living in Remote Australia”. BMC Health Services Research, 19 (1), 523. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4335-3
  • 7. Batterham, R.W, Hawkins, M, Collins, PA, Buchbinder, R. and Osborne, R.H. (2016). “Health Literacy: Applying Current Concepts to Improve Health Services and Reduce Health Inequalities”. Public Health, 132, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.001
  • 8. Rafferty, A.P, Luo, H, Winterbauer, N.L, Bell, R.A, Little, N.R.G. and Imai, S. (2022). “Health Literacy among Adults with Multiple Chronic Health Conditions”. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 28 (2), 610-614. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001352
  • 9. World Health Organization. (2013). “Health Literacy: The Solid Facts”. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/128703/e96854.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2022).
  • 10. Barrett, S.E. and Puryear, J.S. (2006). “Health Literacy: Improving Quality of Care in Primary Care Settings”. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17 (4), 690-697. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0117
  • 11. Dunn, P. and Conard, S. (2018). “Improving Health Literacy in Patients with Chronic Conditions: A Call to Action”. The International Journal of Cardiology, 273, 249-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.090
  • 12. Rheault, H, Coyer, F. and Bonner, A. (2021). “Chronic Disease Health Literacy in First Nations People: A Mixed Methods Study”. The Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30 (17-18), 2683-2695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15757
  • 13. Rasu, R.S, Bawa, W.A, Suminski, R, Snella, K. and Warady, B. (2015). “Health Literacy Impact on National Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 4 (11), 747-755. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.151
  • 14. Baccolini, V, Rosso, A, Di Paolo, C, Isonne, C, Salerno, C, Migliara, G, Prencipe, G.P, Massimi, A, Marzuillo, C, De Vito, C, Villari, P. and Romano, F. (2021). “What Is The Prevalence of Low Health Literacy in European Union Member States? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36 (3), 753-761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06407-8
  • 15. Sørensen, K, Van den Broucke, S, Fullam, J, Doyle, G, Pelikan, J, Slonska, Z, Brand, H. and (HLS-EU) Consortium Health Literacy Project European. (2012). “Health Literacy and Public Health: A Systematic Review and Integration of Definitions and Models”. BMC Public Health, 12 (80), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
  • 16. Özkan, S. (2018). “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyi ve İlişkili Faktörleri Araştırması”. Ankara: Özyurt Matbaacılık
  • 17. Liu, C, Wang, D, Liu, C, Jiang, J, Wang, X, Chen, H, Ju, X. and Zhang, X. (2020). “What Is the Meaning of Health Literacy? A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis”. Family Medicine and Community Health, 8 (2), e000351. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2020-000351
  • 18. Berkman, N.D, Sheridan, S.L, Donahue, K.E, Halpern, D.J. and Crotty, K. (2011). “Low Health Literacy and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review”. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155 (2), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005
  • 19. Pleasant, A. (2013). “Appendix A: Health Literacy Around the World: Part 1 Health Literacy Efforts Outside Of The United States. In Health Literacy: Improving Health, Health Systems, and Health Policy around the World: Workshop Summary”. Washington: National Academies Press.
  • 20. Sørensen, K, Pelikan, J.M, Röthlin, F, Ganahl, K, Slonska, Z, Doyle, G, Fullam, J, Kondilis, B, Agrafiotis, D, Uiters, E, Falcon, M, Mensing, M, Tchamov, K, van den Broucke S, Brand, H. and HLS-EU Consortium. (2015). “Health Literacy in Europe: Comparative Results of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU)”. European Journal of Public Health, 25 (6), 1053-1058. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv043
  • 21. Mackey, L.M, Doody, C, Werner, E.L. and Fullen, B. (2016). “Self-Management Skills in Chronic Disease Management: What Role Does Health Literacy Have?”. Medical Decision Making, 36 (6), 741-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X16638330.
  • 22. Fransen, M.P, von Wagner, C. and Essink-Bot, M.L. (2012). “Diabetes Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy: Ordering Findings from Literature in a Health Literacy Framework”. Patient Education and Counseling, 88 (1), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.11.015
  • 23. Faul, F, Erdfelder, E, Buchner, A. and Lang, A.G. (2009). “Statistical Power Analyses Using G* Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses”. Behavior Research Methods, 41 (4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • 24. Atik, D. and Karatepe, H. (2016). “Scale Development Study: Adaptation to Chronic Illness”. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 32 (1), 135-142.
  • 25. Sørensen, K, Van den Broucke, S, Pelikan, J.M, Fullam, J, Doyle, G, Slonska, Z, Kondilis, B, Stoffels, V, Osborne, R.H, Brand, H. and HLS-EU Consortium. (2013). “Measuring Health Literacy in Populations: Illuminating the Design and Development Process of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q)”. BMC Public Health, 13, 948. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-948
  • 26. Toçi, E, Burazeri, G, Sorensen, K, Jerliu, N, Ramadani, N, Roshi, E. and Brand, H. (2013). “Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Characteristics among Older People in Transitional Kosovo”. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 3 (4), 1646-1658.
  • 27. Aras, Z. ve Temel Bayık, A. (2017) “Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği'nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 25 (2), 85-94.
  • 28. Baker, D.W, Wolf, M.S, Feinglass, J, Thompson, J.A, Gazmararian, J.A. and Huang, J. (2007) “Health Literacy and Mortality among Elderly Persons”. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167 (14), 1503-1509. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.14.1503
  • 29. Temel Bayık, A. ve Çimen, Z. (2017) “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Yaşlı Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı ve Ilişkili Faktörler”. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 33 (3), 105-125.
  • 30. Paasche-Orlow, M.K. and Wolf, M.S. (2007) “The Causal Pathways Linking Health Literacy to Health Outcomes”. American Journal of Health Behavior, Suppl 1, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.supp.S19
  • 31. Stanton, A.L. and Revenson, T.A. (2011). “Adjustment to Chronic Disease: Progress and Promise in Research”. In H.S. Friedman (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Health Psychology (241–268). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • 32. Helgeson, V.S. and Zajdel, M. (2017) “Adjusting to Chronic Health Conditions”. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 545-571. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044014
  • 33. Matthews, K.A. and Gallo, L.C. (2011) “Psychological Perspectives on Pathways Linking Socioeconomic Status and Physical Health”. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 501-530. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.031809.130711
  • 34. Ostini, R. and Kairuz, T. (2014) “Investigating the Association between Health Literacy and Non-Adherence”. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 36 (1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9895-4.
  • 35. Candemir, B, Yıldırım, F, Yaşar, E, Erten, Y. and Göker, B. (2023) “Relationship between Health Literacy and Frailty in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease”. Experimental Aging Research, 49 (3), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2068326
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Gülyeter Erdoğan Yüce 0000-0002-2322-0511

Gamze Muz 0000-0002-1452-9250

Publication Date September 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Erdoğan Yüce, G., & Muz, G. (2023). Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 1115-1123. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039
AMA Erdoğan Yüce G, Muz G. Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. September 2023;12(3):1115-1123. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039
Chicago Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter, and Gamze Muz. “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum Ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 3 (September 2023): 1115-23. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039.
EndNote Erdoğan Yüce G, Muz G (September 1, 2023) Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 1115–1123.
IEEE G. Erdoğan Yüce and G. Muz, “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1115–1123, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039.
ISNAD Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter - Muz, Gamze. “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum Ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (September 2023), 1115-1123. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039.
JAMA Erdoğan Yüce G, Muz G. Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:1115–1123.
MLA Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter and Gamze Muz. “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum Ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, pp. 1115-23, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1271039.
Vancouver Erdoğan Yüce G, Muz G. Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(3):1115-23.