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İSTANBUL AVRUPA YAKASINDA MEYDANA GELEN SİSMİK OLAYLARIN KAYNAK TÜRLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 279 - 297, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1177051

Abstract

Nüfus, sanayi, yapılaşma ve turizm açısından ülkemizin en yoğun kenti olan İstanbul, tektonik olarak, güneyinde uzanan Ana Marmara Fayı’nın kontrolü altındadır. Endüstriyel hammadde ihtiyacı ise Avrupa Yakasındaki taş ocağı işletmeleri tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bölgede hem doğal hem de yapay kaynaklı mikro-sismik aktivite gözlenmektedir. Olayların enerji içeriği, sismik istasyon sayısının/dağılımının yeterli olmaması ve dalga fazlarının doğru seçilememesi vb. nedenlerden dolayı da kaynak türleri tanımlanmasında hatalar gözükebilmektedir. Daha güvenilir kaynak türü belirlenmesi ise ikincil analizler ile yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada, İstanbul Avrupa Yakası’nda 2007-2021 yılları arasında meydana gelen, büyüklüğü M≤2.8 olan 195 adet sismik olayın Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Bölgesel Deprem ve Tsunami İzleme Merkezi (KRDAE-BDTİM) tarafından işletilen altı adet deprem istasyonunda kayıt edilen 270 adet dalga formu için kaynak türü belirleme analizleri yapılmıştır. Olayların kaynak türleri katalog bilgilerinden bağımsız şekilde, görsel olarak belirlenerek yola çıkılmıştır. Düşey bileşen sismogramları kullanılarak, genlik oranı ve karmaşıklık yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel sınıflandırma için Lineer ve Karesel Ayrımlaştırma Fonksiyonları kullanılarak, yöntem bazlı başarı oranları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, 195 adet sismik olayın, 28 tanesinin deprem, 167 adetinin patlatma kaynaklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha güvenilir kaynak türü tanımlaması ile homojen kataloglar oluşturulmakta ve depremsellik, deprem tehlike analizleri gibi çalışmalarda araştırmacıların ikincil analizler ile zaman kaybı yaşamasının önüne geçilebilmektedir.

References

  • AFAD, 2018. Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası.
  • Aki, K., 1995. Discriminating Underground Explosions from Earthquakes Using Seismic Coda Waves. University of Southern California Los Angeles Center for Earth Sciences.
  • Allmann, B.P., Shearer, P.M., Hauksson, E., 2008. Spectral discrimination between quarry blasts and earthquakes in southern California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98 (4), 2073-2079.
  • Arai, N., Yosida, Y., 2004. Discrimination by short-period seismograms. International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Building Research Institute (IISEE). Lecture Note, Global Course, Tsukuba, Japan, 10.
  • Ataeva, G., Gitterman, Y., Shapira, A., 2017. The ratio between corner frequencies of source spectra of P-and S-waves—a new discriminant between earthquakes and quarry blasts. Journal of Seismology, 21 (1), 209-220.
  • Badawy, A., Gamal, M., Farid, W., Soliman, M.S., 2019. Decontamination of earthquake catalog from quarry blast events in northern Egypt. Journal of Seismology, 23 (6), 1357-1372.
  • Barka, A.A., 1992. The north Anatolian fault zone. Annales tectonicae, 6, 164-195.
  • Baumgardt, D.R., Young, G.B., 1990. Regional seismic waveform discriminants and case-based event identification using regional arrays. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80 (6B), 1874-1892.
  • Beck, S.L., Wallace, T.C., 1997. Broadband seismic recordings of mining explosions and earthquakes in South America. Arizona University Tucson Dept of Geoosciences.
  • Budakoğlu, E., Horasan, G., 2018. Classification of seismic events using linear discriminant function (LDF) in the Sakarya region, Turkey. Acta Geophysica, 66 (5), 895-906.
  • Carr, D.B., Garbin, H.D., 1998. Discriminating ripple-fired explosions with high-frequency (> 16 Hz) data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 88 (4), 963-972.
  • Ceydilek, N., Horasan, G., 2019. Manisa ve çevresinde deprem ve patlatma verilerinin ayırt edilmesi. Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi, 1 (1), 26-47.
  • Dalgıç, S., 2004. Factors affecting the greater damage in the Avcılar area of Istanbul during the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63 (3), 221-232.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, Ş., Şaroğlu, F., 2013. Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. Ölçek 1:1.250.000, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın Serisi-30, Ankara-Türkiye. ISBN: 978-605-5310-56-1.
  • Ergintav, S., Demirbağ, E., Ediger, V., Saatçılar, R., Inan, S., Cankurtaranlar, A., Dikbaş, A., Baş, M., 2011. Structural framework of onshore and offshore Avcılar, Istanbul under the influence of the North Anatolian fault. Geophysical Journal International, 185 (1), 93-105.
  • Fisher, R.A., 1936. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of eugenics, 7 (2), 179-188.
  • Franc, V., Hlavác, V., 2004. Statistical pattern recognition toolbox for Matlab. Prague, Czech: Center for Machine Perception, Czech Technical University.
  • Gitterman, Y., Pinsky, V., Shapira, A., 1998. Spectral classification methods in monitoring small local events by the Israel seismic network. Journal of Seismology, 2 (3), 237-256.
  • Gitterman, Y., Shapira, A., 1993. Spectral discrimination of underwater explosions. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 42 (1), 37-44.
  • Goldstein P., Dodge D., Firpo M., Minner L., 2003. SAC2000: Signal processing and analysis tools for seismologists and engineers, in: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings PC, Kisslinger C (eds) invited contribution to “The IASPEI international handbook of earthquake and engineering seismology”. AcademicPress, London.
  • Hedlin M.A., Minster J.B., Orcutt, J.A., 1989. The time-frequency characteristics of quarry blasts and calibration explosions recorded in Kazakhstan, USSR, Geophysical Journal International, 99 (1), 109-121.
  • Hedlin M.A., Minster J.B., Orcutt J.A., 1990. An automatic means to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80 (6B), 2143-2160.
  • Horasan, G., Güney, A.B., Küsmezer, A., Bekler, F., Öğütçü, Z., Musaoğlu, N., 2009. Contamination of seismicity catalogs by quarry blasts: An example from Istanbul and its vicinity, northwestern Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34 (1), 90-99.
  • İBB, 2011. İstanbul İl Alanının Jeolojisi.
  • İBB, 2020. İstanbul İli Heyelan Bilgi Envanteri Projesi – İlçe Heyelan Bilgi Kitapçıkları.
  • Kartal, Ö.F., Horasan, G., 2011. Trabzon ve civarındaki deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15 (1), 68-74.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P., 2012. Spectral discrimination between mining blasts and natural earthquakes: application to the vicinity of Tunbilek mining area, western Turkey. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7 (35), 5339-5352.
  • Krzanowski, W.J., 1988. Principles of multivariate analysis: a user’s perspective. Clarendon.
  • Koch, K., Fäh, D., 2002. Identification of earthquakes and explosions using amplitude ratios: the Vogtland area revisited. In Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Seismic Event Discrimination and Identification (pp. 735-757). Birkhäuser, Basel.
  • Kolaj, M., 2018. Discriminating between low‐magnitude shallow earthquakes and road construction blasts near Big Salmon River, New Brunswick, Canada. Seismological Research Letters, 89 (5), 1966-1976.
  • Korrat, I.M., Lethy, A., ElGabry, M.N., Hussein, H.M., Othman, A.S., 2022. Discrimination Between Small Earthquakes and Quarry Blasts in Egypt Using Spectral Source Characteristics. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 179 (2), 599-618.
  • Kuyuk, H.S., Yildirim, E., Dogan, E., Horasan, G., 2011. An unsupervised learning algorithm: application to the discrimination of seismic events and quarry blasts in the vicinity of Istanbul. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11 (1), 93-100.
  • Kuyuk, H.S., Yildirim, E., Dogan, E., Horasan, G., 2014. Clustering seismic activities using linear and nonlinear discriminant analysis. Journal of Earth Science, 25 (1), 140-145.
  • Li, Z., Meier, M.A., Hauksson, E., Zhan, Z., Andrews, J., 2018. Machine learning seismic wave discrimination: Application to earthquake early warning. Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (10), 4773-4779.
  • MATLAB Release 2015, The MathWorks, Inc, Natick, Massachusetts, United States.
  • McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., Ben Sari, D., Tealeb, A., 2003. GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophysical Journal International, 155 (1), 126-138.
  • Okay, A.I., Tüysüz, O., 1999. Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156 (1), 475-515.
  • Öğütçü, Z., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D., 2011. Investigation of microseismic activity sources in Konya and its vicinity, central Turkey. Natural Hazards, 58 (1), 497-509.
  • Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Vernant, P., Lawrence, S., Ergintav, S., Cakmak, R., ... Karam, G., 2006. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa‐Arabia‐Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111 (B5).
  • Seber, G.A., 2009. Multivariate observations. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sertçelik, F., Başer, O. (2010). Güney Ege Bölgesi’nde yapay ve doğal kaynaklı titreşimlerin ayırt edilmesi. Yerbilimleri, 31 (3), 141-168.
  • Sertçelik, F., Yavuz, E., Birdem, M., Merter, G., 2020. Discrimination of the natural and artificial quakes in the Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, 55 (4), 645-665.
  • Su, F., Aki, K., Biswas, N.N., 1991. Discriminating quarry blasts from earthquakes using coda waves. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 81 (1), 162-178.
  • Şen, Ş., 2007. A fault zone cause of large amplification and damage in Avcılar (west of Istanbul) during 1999 Izmit earthquake. Natural Hazards, 43 (3), 351-363.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., Tüysüz, O., Imren, C., Sakınç, M., Eyidoğan, H., Görür, N., Le Pichon, X., Rangin, C., 2005. The North Anatolian fault: A new look. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33, 37-112.
  • Tan, A., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D., Gülbağ, A., 2021. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in the Edirne district (Turkey) and its vicinity by using a linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Acta Geophysica, 69 (1), 17-27.
  • Tezcan, S.S., Kaya, E., Bal, I.E., Özdemir, Z., 2002. Seismic amplification at Avcılar, Istanbul. Engineering structures, 24 (5), 661-667.
  • Tur, H., Hoskan, N., Aktas, G., 2015. Tectonic evolution of the northern shelf of the Marmara Sea (Turkey): interpretation of seismic and bathymetric data. Marine Geophysical Research, 36 (1), 1-34.
  • Tüysüz N., Yaylalı G., 2005. Jeoistatistik Kavramlar ve Bilgisayarlı Uygulamalar, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları, Trabzon.
  • Ursino, A., Langer, H., Scarfi, L., Di Grazia, G., Gresta, S., 2001. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic microearthquakes in the Hyblean Plateau (Southeastern Sicily). Annals of Geophysics, 44 (4).
  • Wessel P., Smith W.H.F., 1998. New, improved version of generic mapping tools released. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys., 79(47), 579.
  • Wüster, J., 1993. Discrimination of chemical explosions and earthquakes in central Europe—a case study. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 83 (4), 1184-1212.
  • Yavuz, E. (2022). Refining micro-seismic catalogs around Seydişehir, Turkey. Annals of Geophysics, 65 (5).
  • Yavuz, E., Sertçelik, F., Livaoğlu, H., Irmak, T.S., 2019a. Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş Bölgesinde Meydana Gelen Deprem ve Taş Ocağı Patlatmalarının Zaman ve Frekans Ortamı Yöntemleri ile Sınıflandırılması. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8 (2), 642-651.
  • Yavuz, E., Sertçelik, F., Livaoğlu, H., Woith, H., Lühr, B.G., 2019b. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic events in the Armutlu Peninsula, Turkey. Journal of Seismology, 23 (1), 59-76.
  • Yılmaz, Ş., Bayrak, Y., Çınar, H., 2013. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Seismology, 17 (2), 721-734.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCE TYPES OF THE SEISMIC EVENTS OCCURRED ON THE EUROPEAN SIDE OF ISTANBUL

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 279 - 297, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1177051

Abstract

Istanbul, the densest city of our country in terms of population, industry, construction, and tourism, is tectonically under the control of the Main Marmara Fault lying to the south. The need for industrial raw materials is provided by the quarry operations on the European side. Therefore, both natural and artificial micro-seismic activity is observed in the region. Errors may appear in the identification of source types due to the energy content, insufficient number/distribution of seismic stations, and inaccurate picking of wave phases etc. Secondary analyzes are needed to determine more reliable source types. In this study, source type determination analyzes were performed for 270 waveforms on 195 seismic events with a magnitude of M≤2.8 that occurred in the European Side of Istanbul between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed at six earthquake stations operated by Boğaziçi University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Regional Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring Center (KOERI-RETMC). The source types of the events were determined visually, independently of the catalog information. Amplitude ratio and complexity methods were applied by using vertical component seismograms. Method-based success rate was calculated by using Linear and Quadratic Discrimination Functions for statistical classification. As a result, for 195 seismic events, 28 earthquakes and 167 quarry blasts were determined. With a more reliable source type identification, homogeneous catalogs could be created and researchers could prevented time loss by performing secondary analysis in studies such as seismicity and earthquake hazard analysis.

References

  • AFAD, 2018. Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası.
  • Aki, K., 1995. Discriminating Underground Explosions from Earthquakes Using Seismic Coda Waves. University of Southern California Los Angeles Center for Earth Sciences.
  • Allmann, B.P., Shearer, P.M., Hauksson, E., 2008. Spectral discrimination between quarry blasts and earthquakes in southern California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98 (4), 2073-2079.
  • Arai, N., Yosida, Y., 2004. Discrimination by short-period seismograms. International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Building Research Institute (IISEE). Lecture Note, Global Course, Tsukuba, Japan, 10.
  • Ataeva, G., Gitterman, Y., Shapira, A., 2017. The ratio between corner frequencies of source spectra of P-and S-waves—a new discriminant between earthquakes and quarry blasts. Journal of Seismology, 21 (1), 209-220.
  • Badawy, A., Gamal, M., Farid, W., Soliman, M.S., 2019. Decontamination of earthquake catalog from quarry blast events in northern Egypt. Journal of Seismology, 23 (6), 1357-1372.
  • Barka, A.A., 1992. The north Anatolian fault zone. Annales tectonicae, 6, 164-195.
  • Baumgardt, D.R., Young, G.B., 1990. Regional seismic waveform discriminants and case-based event identification using regional arrays. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80 (6B), 1874-1892.
  • Beck, S.L., Wallace, T.C., 1997. Broadband seismic recordings of mining explosions and earthquakes in South America. Arizona University Tucson Dept of Geoosciences.
  • Budakoğlu, E., Horasan, G., 2018. Classification of seismic events using linear discriminant function (LDF) in the Sakarya region, Turkey. Acta Geophysica, 66 (5), 895-906.
  • Carr, D.B., Garbin, H.D., 1998. Discriminating ripple-fired explosions with high-frequency (> 16 Hz) data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 88 (4), 963-972.
  • Ceydilek, N., Horasan, G., 2019. Manisa ve çevresinde deprem ve patlatma verilerinin ayırt edilmesi. Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi, 1 (1), 26-47.
  • Dalgıç, S., 2004. Factors affecting the greater damage in the Avcılar area of Istanbul during the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63 (3), 221-232.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, Ş., Şaroğlu, F., 2013. Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. Ölçek 1:1.250.000, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın Serisi-30, Ankara-Türkiye. ISBN: 978-605-5310-56-1.
  • Ergintav, S., Demirbağ, E., Ediger, V., Saatçılar, R., Inan, S., Cankurtaranlar, A., Dikbaş, A., Baş, M., 2011. Structural framework of onshore and offshore Avcılar, Istanbul under the influence of the North Anatolian fault. Geophysical Journal International, 185 (1), 93-105.
  • Fisher, R.A., 1936. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of eugenics, 7 (2), 179-188.
  • Franc, V., Hlavác, V., 2004. Statistical pattern recognition toolbox for Matlab. Prague, Czech: Center for Machine Perception, Czech Technical University.
  • Gitterman, Y., Pinsky, V., Shapira, A., 1998. Spectral classification methods in monitoring small local events by the Israel seismic network. Journal of Seismology, 2 (3), 237-256.
  • Gitterman, Y., Shapira, A., 1993. Spectral discrimination of underwater explosions. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 42 (1), 37-44.
  • Goldstein P., Dodge D., Firpo M., Minner L., 2003. SAC2000: Signal processing and analysis tools for seismologists and engineers, in: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings PC, Kisslinger C (eds) invited contribution to “The IASPEI international handbook of earthquake and engineering seismology”. AcademicPress, London.
  • Hedlin M.A., Minster J.B., Orcutt, J.A., 1989. The time-frequency characteristics of quarry blasts and calibration explosions recorded in Kazakhstan, USSR, Geophysical Journal International, 99 (1), 109-121.
  • Hedlin M.A., Minster J.B., Orcutt J.A., 1990. An automatic means to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80 (6B), 2143-2160.
  • Horasan, G., Güney, A.B., Küsmezer, A., Bekler, F., Öğütçü, Z., Musaoğlu, N., 2009. Contamination of seismicity catalogs by quarry blasts: An example from Istanbul and its vicinity, northwestern Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34 (1), 90-99.
  • İBB, 2011. İstanbul İl Alanının Jeolojisi.
  • İBB, 2020. İstanbul İli Heyelan Bilgi Envanteri Projesi – İlçe Heyelan Bilgi Kitapçıkları.
  • Kartal, Ö.F., Horasan, G., 2011. Trabzon ve civarındaki deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15 (1), 68-74.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P., 2012. Spectral discrimination between mining blasts and natural earthquakes: application to the vicinity of Tunbilek mining area, western Turkey. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7 (35), 5339-5352.
  • Krzanowski, W.J., 1988. Principles of multivariate analysis: a user’s perspective. Clarendon.
  • Koch, K., Fäh, D., 2002. Identification of earthquakes and explosions using amplitude ratios: the Vogtland area revisited. In Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Seismic Event Discrimination and Identification (pp. 735-757). Birkhäuser, Basel.
  • Kolaj, M., 2018. Discriminating between low‐magnitude shallow earthquakes and road construction blasts near Big Salmon River, New Brunswick, Canada. Seismological Research Letters, 89 (5), 1966-1976.
  • Korrat, I.M., Lethy, A., ElGabry, M.N., Hussein, H.M., Othman, A.S., 2022. Discrimination Between Small Earthquakes and Quarry Blasts in Egypt Using Spectral Source Characteristics. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 179 (2), 599-618.
  • Kuyuk, H.S., Yildirim, E., Dogan, E., Horasan, G., 2011. An unsupervised learning algorithm: application to the discrimination of seismic events and quarry blasts in the vicinity of Istanbul. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11 (1), 93-100.
  • Kuyuk, H.S., Yildirim, E., Dogan, E., Horasan, G., 2014. Clustering seismic activities using linear and nonlinear discriminant analysis. Journal of Earth Science, 25 (1), 140-145.
  • Li, Z., Meier, M.A., Hauksson, E., Zhan, Z., Andrews, J., 2018. Machine learning seismic wave discrimination: Application to earthquake early warning. Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (10), 4773-4779.
  • MATLAB Release 2015, The MathWorks, Inc, Natick, Massachusetts, United States.
  • McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., Ben Sari, D., Tealeb, A., 2003. GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophysical Journal International, 155 (1), 126-138.
  • Okay, A.I., Tüysüz, O., 1999. Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156 (1), 475-515.
  • Öğütçü, Z., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D., 2011. Investigation of microseismic activity sources in Konya and its vicinity, central Turkey. Natural Hazards, 58 (1), 497-509.
  • Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Vernant, P., Lawrence, S., Ergintav, S., Cakmak, R., ... Karam, G., 2006. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa‐Arabia‐Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111 (B5).
  • Seber, G.A., 2009. Multivariate observations. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sertçelik, F., Başer, O. (2010). Güney Ege Bölgesi’nde yapay ve doğal kaynaklı titreşimlerin ayırt edilmesi. Yerbilimleri, 31 (3), 141-168.
  • Sertçelik, F., Yavuz, E., Birdem, M., Merter, G., 2020. Discrimination of the natural and artificial quakes in the Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, 55 (4), 645-665.
  • Su, F., Aki, K., Biswas, N.N., 1991. Discriminating quarry blasts from earthquakes using coda waves. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 81 (1), 162-178.
  • Şen, Ş., 2007. A fault zone cause of large amplification and damage in Avcılar (west of Istanbul) during 1999 Izmit earthquake. Natural Hazards, 43 (3), 351-363.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., Tüysüz, O., Imren, C., Sakınç, M., Eyidoğan, H., Görür, N., Le Pichon, X., Rangin, C., 2005. The North Anatolian fault: A new look. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33, 37-112.
  • Tan, A., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D., Gülbağ, A., 2021. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in the Edirne district (Turkey) and its vicinity by using a linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Acta Geophysica, 69 (1), 17-27.
  • Tezcan, S.S., Kaya, E., Bal, I.E., Özdemir, Z., 2002. Seismic amplification at Avcılar, Istanbul. Engineering structures, 24 (5), 661-667.
  • Tur, H., Hoskan, N., Aktas, G., 2015. Tectonic evolution of the northern shelf of the Marmara Sea (Turkey): interpretation of seismic and bathymetric data. Marine Geophysical Research, 36 (1), 1-34.
  • Tüysüz N., Yaylalı G., 2005. Jeoistatistik Kavramlar ve Bilgisayarlı Uygulamalar, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları, Trabzon.
  • Ursino, A., Langer, H., Scarfi, L., Di Grazia, G., Gresta, S., 2001. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic microearthquakes in the Hyblean Plateau (Southeastern Sicily). Annals of Geophysics, 44 (4).
  • Wessel P., Smith W.H.F., 1998. New, improved version of generic mapping tools released. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys., 79(47), 579.
  • Wüster, J., 1993. Discrimination of chemical explosions and earthquakes in central Europe—a case study. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 83 (4), 1184-1212.
  • Yavuz, E. (2022). Refining micro-seismic catalogs around Seydişehir, Turkey. Annals of Geophysics, 65 (5).
  • Yavuz, E., Sertçelik, F., Livaoğlu, H., Irmak, T.S., 2019a. Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş Bölgesinde Meydana Gelen Deprem ve Taş Ocağı Patlatmalarının Zaman ve Frekans Ortamı Yöntemleri ile Sınıflandırılması. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8 (2), 642-651.
  • Yavuz, E., Sertçelik, F., Livaoğlu, H., Woith, H., Lühr, B.G., 2019b. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic events in the Armutlu Peninsula, Turkey. Journal of Seismology, 23 (1), 59-76.
  • Yılmaz, Ş., Bayrak, Y., Çınar, H., 2013. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Seismology, 17 (2), 721-734.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Evrim Yavuz 0000-0002-9175-8962

Publication Date March 27, 2023
Submission Date September 19, 2022
Acceptance Date November 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yavuz, E. (2023). İSTANBUL AVRUPA YAKASINDA MEYDANA GELEN SİSMİK OLAYLARIN KAYNAK TÜRLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 11(1), 279-297. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1177051