Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi

Year 2020, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 329 - 345, 29.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.678764

Abstract

Son yıllarda çevre kirliliği ve onu etkileyen temel faktörlerin doğru tespit edilebilmesi, önemli bir inceleme konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de tarım sektörü ve çevre kirliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi 1968-2016 dönemi için araştırmaktır. Literatürde tarım sektörü ve çevre kirliliği arasındaki ampirik ilişki hakkında bir fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma hem literatüre katkı sağlamakta hem de gelecekteki çalışmalar için önemli bir kanıt sunmaktadır. Çalışmada tarımın belirleyicileri olarak tarımsal katma değer ve tarımsal arazi serileri tercih edilirken çevre kirliliğinin ölçütü olarak karbondioksit emisyonu kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, ekonomik büyüme ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi diğer bağımsız değişkenler olarak modellere dahil edilmektedir. Ampirik analizde tarım ve çevre kirliliği ilişkisi iki model kurularak tahmin edilmektedir. Yöntem, üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk olarak, serilerin durağanlık özellikleri DF-GLS ve Ng-Perron gibi geleneksel birim kök testleri ile test edilmektedir. Ek olarak, serilerin durağanlık seviyeleri Zivot-Andrews ve Lee-Strazicich yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testleri ile araştırılmaktadır. İkinci olarak, ARDL modeli ile seriler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ve uzun dönem katsayıları tahmin edilmektedir. Son olarak, seriler arasındaki nedenselliğin varlığı Toda-Yamamoto testi ile belirlenmektedir. Bulgular, çalışmada ele alınan seriler arasında bir eşbütünleşmeyi işaret etmektedir. Bulgular aynı zamanda uzun dönemde tarımsal katma değer ve tarımsal arazinin karbondioksit emisyonunu azalttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, çevresel Kuznets eğrisi (ÇKE) hipotezinin Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerli olduğunu ispatlamaktadır. Tarımın karbondioksit emisyonuna neden olduğu tespit edilmektedir. Dahası tarımsal katma değer ve tarımsal arazinin yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin nedeni olduğu saptanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, politika yapıcıları Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik gelişme için tarım sektörüne daha fazla önem vermelidir. Ayrıca tarım arazileri korunmalı ve katma değerli üretim için teşvik edilmelidir. Böylece çevre kirliliği azalış eğiliminde olacaktır.

References

  • Abeydeera, L.H.U.W., Mesthrige, J.W., Samarasinghalage, T.I. (2019). Global research on carbon emissions: a scientometric review. Sustainability, 11, 3972.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Solarin, S.A., Ozturk, I. (2016). Investigating the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Kenya: an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Natural Hazards, 80, 1729-1747.
  • Appiah, K., Du, J., Poku, J. (2018). Causal relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide emissions in selected emerging economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 24764-24777.
  • Asumadu-Sarkodie, S., Owusu, P.A. (2017). The causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions and agricultural ecosystem-an econometric approach. Environ Science and Pollution Research, 24, 1608-1618.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2017a). Renewable energy consumption and agriculture: evidence for cointegration and Granger causality for Tunisian economy. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 24(2), 149-158.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2017b). The role of renewable energy and agriculture in reducing CO2 emissions: Evidence for North Africa countries. Ecological Indicators, 74, 295-301.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2017c). Renewable energy, arable land, agriculture, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in Morocco. MPRA Paper, No. 76798.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2019). Combustible renewables and waste consumption, agriculture, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Brazil. Carbon Management, 10(3), 309-321.
  • Bhargava, A. (1986). On the theory of testing for unit roots in observed time series. The Review of Economic Studies, 53(3), 369-384.
  • Bölük, G., Mert, M. (2015). The renewable energy, growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Turkey: an ARDL approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 52, 587-595.
  • Brown, R.L., Durbin, J., Evans, J.M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relations over time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 37, 149-163.
  • Burck, J., Hagen, U., Marten, F., Höhne, N., Bals, C. (2019). Climate Change Performance Index, Results-2019.
  • Danish, Z.B., Wang, B., Wang, Z. (2017). Role of renewable energy and non-renewable energy consumption on EKC: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156, 855-864.
  • Dong, K., Sun, R., Jiang, H., Zeng, X. (2018). CO2 emissions, economic growth, and the environmental Kuznets curve in China: What roles can nuclear energy and renewable energy play?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 51-63.
  • Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T.J., Stock, J.H. (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.
  • Ertugrul, H.M., Cetin, M., Seker, F., Dogan, E. (2016). The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Grossman, G.M., Krueger, A.B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
  • Grzelak, A., Guth, M., Matuszczak, A., Czyzewsk, B., Brelik, A. (2019). Approaching the environmental sustainable value in agriculture: How factor endowments foster the eco-efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, 1-9.
  • Islam, N., Vincent J., Panayotou, T. (1999). Unveiling the income-environment relationship: an exploration into the determinants of environmental quality. Harvard Institute for International Development, Development Discussion Paper, No. 701.
  • Jalil, A., Mahmud, S.F. (2009). Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy, 37, 5167-5172.
  • Johnston, B.F., Mellor, J.W. (1961). The role of agriculture in economic development. American Economic Review, 51(4), 566-593.
  • Khan, M.T.I., Ali, Q., Ashfaq, M. (2018). The nexus between greenhouse gas emission, electricity production, renewable energy and agriculture in Pakistan. Renewable Energy, 118, 437-451.
  • Lebunu Hewage Udara Willhelm Abeydeera, L.H.U.W., Mesthrige, J.W., Samarasinghalage, T.I. (2019). Global Research on Carbon Emissions. A Scientometric Review. Sustainability, 11(3972), 1-24.
  • Lee, J., Strazicich, M.C. (2004). Minimum LM unit root test with one structural break. Working paper, Erişim: http://econ.appstate.edu/RePEc/pdf/wp0417.pdf.
  • Lee, J., Strazicich, M.C. (2013). Minimum LM Unit Root Test With One Structural Break. Economic Bulletin, 33(4), 2483-2492.
  • Li, T., Balezentis, T., Makuteniene, D., Streimikiene, D., Krisciukaitiene, I. (2016). Energy-related CO2 emission in European Union agriculture: Driving forces and possibilities for reduction. Applied Energy, 180, 682-694.
  • Liu, X., Zhang, S., Bae, J. (2017). The impact of renewable energy and agriculture on carbon dioxide emissions: Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve in four selected ASEAN countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 1239-1247.
  • Luo, Y., Long, X., Wu, C., Zhang, J. (2017). Decoupling CO2 emissions from economic growth in agricultural sector across 30 Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2014. Journal of Cleaner Production, 159, 220-228.
  • Matsuyama, K. (1992). Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage, and economic growth. Journal of Economic Theory, 58, 317-334.
  • Narayan, P.K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • Ng, S., Perron, P. (2001). Lag lenght selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.
  • Ngarava, S., Zhou, L. Ayuk, J., Tatsvarei, S. (2019). Achieving food security in a climate change environment: Considerations for environmental Kuznets curve use in the South African agricultural sector. Climate, 7(108), 1-17.
  • Nowak, A., Schneider, C. (2017). Environmental characteristics, agricultural land use, and vulnerability to degradation in Malopolska Province (Poland). Science of the Total Environment, 590-591, 620-632.
  • OECD (2019). OECD database. Erişim: https://data.oecd.org (20 Aralık 2019).
  • Olanipekun, I.O., Olasehinde-Williams, G.O., Alao, R.O. (2019). Agriculture and environmental degradation in Africa: The role of income. Science of the Total Environment, 692, 60-67.
  • Ozturk, I., A. Acaravci (2010). CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 14, 3220-3225.
  • Parajuli, R., Joshi, O., Maraseni, T. (2019). Incorporating forests, agriculture, and energy consumption in the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve: A dynamic panel data approach. Sustainability, 11(2688), 1-11.
  • Pata, U.K. (2018). Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 770-779.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.
  • Phillips, P.C.B., Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
  • Qiao, H., Zheng, F., Jiang, H., Dong, K. (2019). The greenhouse effect of the agriculture-economic growth-renewable energy nexus: Evidence from G20 countries. Science of the Total Environment, 671,722-731.
  • Rafiq, S., Salim, R., Apergis, N. (2015). Agriculture, trade openness and emissions: an empirical analysis and policy options. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 60, 348-365.
  • Rehman, A., Ozturk, I., Zhang, D. (2019). The causal connection between CO2 emissions and agricultural productivity in Pakistan: Empirical evidence from an autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach. Applied Sciences, 9(1692), 1-16.
  • Seker, F., Ertugrul, H.M., Cetin, M. (2015). The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: A bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 347-356.
  • Shahbaz, M., Lean H.H., Shabbir, M.S. (2012). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: Cointegration and granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 16, 2947-2953.
  • Shahbaz, M., Ozturk, I., Afza, T., Ali, A. (2013). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve in a global economy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 494-502.
  • Thirlwall, A.P. (1986). A General model of growth and development along Kaldorian lines. Oxford Economic Papers, 38, 199-219.
  • Toda, H.Y., Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inferences in vector autoregression with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1), 225-250.
  • TÜİK (2019). TÜİK Çevre İstatistikleri, Erişim: http://tüik.gov.tr (20 Aralık 2019).
  • United Nations (2019). Climate action and support trends. United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, Germany.
  • Vermeulen, S.J., Campbell, B.M., Ingram, J.S.I. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 195-222.
  • Vogel, S.J. (1994). Structural changes in agriculture: Production linkages and agricultural demand-led industrialization, Oxford Economic Papers, 46, 136-156.
  • Waheed, R., Chang, D., Sarwar, S., Chen, W. (2018). Forest, agriculture, renewable energy, and CO2 emission. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4231-4238.
  • World Bank (2019). World development indicators database. Erişim: https://data.worldbank.org (20 Aralık 2019).
  • Xu, B., Lin, B. (2017). Factors affecting CO2 emissions in China’s agriculture sector: Evidence from geographically weighted regression model. Energy Policy, 104, 404-414.
  • Zafeirioua, E., Azam, M. (2017). CO2 emissions and economic performance in EU agriculture: Some evidence from Mediterranean countries. Ecological Indicators, 81, 104-114.
  • Zivot, E., Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251-70.
  • Atay, O.A., Ekinci, K., Umucu, Y. (2016). Yağ gülü damıtma atıkları, kızılçam kabuğu ve linyit kömür tozundan elde edilen peletlerin baca gazı emisyonlarının belirlenmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (2): 1-9.
  • Konukcu, F., Deveci, H., Altürk, B. (2020). Trakya Bölgesi’nde iklim değişikliğinin buğday verimine etkisinin AquaCrop ve WOFOST modeller ile tahmin edilmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17 (1): 77-96.
  • Yılmaz, R. (2009). Edirne’de çevre bilincinin belirlenmesi ve sosyo-ekonomik özelliklerin çevresel bilinç üzerine etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 6 (1): 79-92.
Year 2020, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 329 - 345, 29.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.678764

Abstract

References

  • Abeydeera, L.H.U.W., Mesthrige, J.W., Samarasinghalage, T.I. (2019). Global research on carbon emissions: a scientometric review. Sustainability, 11, 3972.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Solarin, S.A., Ozturk, I. (2016). Investigating the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Kenya: an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Natural Hazards, 80, 1729-1747.
  • Appiah, K., Du, J., Poku, J. (2018). Causal relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide emissions in selected emerging economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 24764-24777.
  • Asumadu-Sarkodie, S., Owusu, P.A. (2017). The causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions and agricultural ecosystem-an econometric approach. Environ Science and Pollution Research, 24, 1608-1618.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2017a). Renewable energy consumption and agriculture: evidence for cointegration and Granger causality for Tunisian economy. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 24(2), 149-158.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2017b). The role of renewable energy and agriculture in reducing CO2 emissions: Evidence for North Africa countries. Ecological Indicators, 74, 295-301.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2017c). Renewable energy, arable land, agriculture, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in Morocco. MPRA Paper, No. 76798.
  • Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. (2019). Combustible renewables and waste consumption, agriculture, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Brazil. Carbon Management, 10(3), 309-321.
  • Bhargava, A. (1986). On the theory of testing for unit roots in observed time series. The Review of Economic Studies, 53(3), 369-384.
  • Bölük, G., Mert, M. (2015). The renewable energy, growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Turkey: an ARDL approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 52, 587-595.
  • Brown, R.L., Durbin, J., Evans, J.M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relations over time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 37, 149-163.
  • Burck, J., Hagen, U., Marten, F., Höhne, N., Bals, C. (2019). Climate Change Performance Index, Results-2019.
  • Danish, Z.B., Wang, B., Wang, Z. (2017). Role of renewable energy and non-renewable energy consumption on EKC: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156, 855-864.
  • Dong, K., Sun, R., Jiang, H., Zeng, X. (2018). CO2 emissions, economic growth, and the environmental Kuznets curve in China: What roles can nuclear energy and renewable energy play?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 51-63.
  • Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T.J., Stock, J.H. (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.
  • Ertugrul, H.M., Cetin, M., Seker, F., Dogan, E. (2016). The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Grossman, G.M., Krueger, A.B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
  • Grzelak, A., Guth, M., Matuszczak, A., Czyzewsk, B., Brelik, A. (2019). Approaching the environmental sustainable value in agriculture: How factor endowments foster the eco-efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, 1-9.
  • Islam, N., Vincent J., Panayotou, T. (1999). Unveiling the income-environment relationship: an exploration into the determinants of environmental quality. Harvard Institute for International Development, Development Discussion Paper, No. 701.
  • Jalil, A., Mahmud, S.F. (2009). Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy, 37, 5167-5172.
  • Johnston, B.F., Mellor, J.W. (1961). The role of agriculture in economic development. American Economic Review, 51(4), 566-593.
  • Khan, M.T.I., Ali, Q., Ashfaq, M. (2018). The nexus between greenhouse gas emission, electricity production, renewable energy and agriculture in Pakistan. Renewable Energy, 118, 437-451.
  • Lebunu Hewage Udara Willhelm Abeydeera, L.H.U.W., Mesthrige, J.W., Samarasinghalage, T.I. (2019). Global Research on Carbon Emissions. A Scientometric Review. Sustainability, 11(3972), 1-24.
  • Lee, J., Strazicich, M.C. (2004). Minimum LM unit root test with one structural break. Working paper, Erişim: http://econ.appstate.edu/RePEc/pdf/wp0417.pdf.
  • Lee, J., Strazicich, M.C. (2013). Minimum LM Unit Root Test With One Structural Break. Economic Bulletin, 33(4), 2483-2492.
  • Li, T., Balezentis, T., Makuteniene, D., Streimikiene, D., Krisciukaitiene, I. (2016). Energy-related CO2 emission in European Union agriculture: Driving forces and possibilities for reduction. Applied Energy, 180, 682-694.
  • Liu, X., Zhang, S., Bae, J. (2017). The impact of renewable energy and agriculture on carbon dioxide emissions: Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve in four selected ASEAN countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 1239-1247.
  • Luo, Y., Long, X., Wu, C., Zhang, J. (2017). Decoupling CO2 emissions from economic growth in agricultural sector across 30 Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2014. Journal of Cleaner Production, 159, 220-228.
  • Matsuyama, K. (1992). Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage, and economic growth. Journal of Economic Theory, 58, 317-334.
  • Narayan, P.K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • Ng, S., Perron, P. (2001). Lag lenght selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.
  • Ngarava, S., Zhou, L. Ayuk, J., Tatsvarei, S. (2019). Achieving food security in a climate change environment: Considerations for environmental Kuznets curve use in the South African agricultural sector. Climate, 7(108), 1-17.
  • Nowak, A., Schneider, C. (2017). Environmental characteristics, agricultural land use, and vulnerability to degradation in Malopolska Province (Poland). Science of the Total Environment, 590-591, 620-632.
  • OECD (2019). OECD database. Erişim: https://data.oecd.org (20 Aralık 2019).
  • Olanipekun, I.O., Olasehinde-Williams, G.O., Alao, R.O. (2019). Agriculture and environmental degradation in Africa: The role of income. Science of the Total Environment, 692, 60-67.
  • Ozturk, I., A. Acaravci (2010). CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 14, 3220-3225.
  • Parajuli, R., Joshi, O., Maraseni, T. (2019). Incorporating forests, agriculture, and energy consumption in the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve: A dynamic panel data approach. Sustainability, 11(2688), 1-11.
  • Pata, U.K. (2018). Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 770-779.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.
  • Phillips, P.C.B., Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
  • Qiao, H., Zheng, F., Jiang, H., Dong, K. (2019). The greenhouse effect of the agriculture-economic growth-renewable energy nexus: Evidence from G20 countries. Science of the Total Environment, 671,722-731.
  • Rafiq, S., Salim, R., Apergis, N. (2015). Agriculture, trade openness and emissions: an empirical analysis and policy options. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 60, 348-365.
  • Rehman, A., Ozturk, I., Zhang, D. (2019). The causal connection between CO2 emissions and agricultural productivity in Pakistan: Empirical evidence from an autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach. Applied Sciences, 9(1692), 1-16.
  • Seker, F., Ertugrul, H.M., Cetin, M. (2015). The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: A bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 347-356.
  • Shahbaz, M., Lean H.H., Shabbir, M.S. (2012). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: Cointegration and granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 16, 2947-2953.
  • Shahbaz, M., Ozturk, I., Afza, T., Ali, A. (2013). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve in a global economy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 494-502.
  • Thirlwall, A.P. (1986). A General model of growth and development along Kaldorian lines. Oxford Economic Papers, 38, 199-219.
  • Toda, H.Y., Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inferences in vector autoregression with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1), 225-250.
  • TÜİK (2019). TÜİK Çevre İstatistikleri, Erişim: http://tüik.gov.tr (20 Aralık 2019).
  • United Nations (2019). Climate action and support trends. United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, Germany.
  • Vermeulen, S.J., Campbell, B.M., Ingram, J.S.I. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 195-222.
  • Vogel, S.J. (1994). Structural changes in agriculture: Production linkages and agricultural demand-led industrialization, Oxford Economic Papers, 46, 136-156.
  • Waheed, R., Chang, D., Sarwar, S., Chen, W. (2018). Forest, agriculture, renewable energy, and CO2 emission. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4231-4238.
  • World Bank (2019). World development indicators database. Erişim: https://data.worldbank.org (20 Aralık 2019).
  • Xu, B., Lin, B. (2017). Factors affecting CO2 emissions in China’s agriculture sector: Evidence from geographically weighted regression model. Energy Policy, 104, 404-414.
  • Zafeirioua, E., Azam, M. (2017). CO2 emissions and economic performance in EU agriculture: Some evidence from Mediterranean countries. Ecological Indicators, 81, 104-114.
  • Zivot, E., Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251-70.
  • Atay, O.A., Ekinci, K., Umucu, Y. (2016). Yağ gülü damıtma atıkları, kızılçam kabuğu ve linyit kömür tozundan elde edilen peletlerin baca gazı emisyonlarının belirlenmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (2): 1-9.
  • Konukcu, F., Deveci, H., Altürk, B. (2020). Trakya Bölgesi’nde iklim değişikliğinin buğday verimine etkisinin AquaCrop ve WOFOST modeller ile tahmin edilmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17 (1): 77-96.
  • Yılmaz, R. (2009). Edirne’de çevre bilincinin belirlenmesi ve sosyo-ekonomik özelliklerin çevresel bilinç üzerine etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 6 (1): 79-92.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Çetin 0000-0002-7886-4162

Selin Saygın 0000-0003-4617-3882

Harun Demir 0000-0001-7778-2897

Publication Date September 29, 2020
Submission Date January 22, 2020
Acceptance Date July 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çetin, M., Saygın, S., & Demir, H. (2020). Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.678764
AMA Çetin M, Saygın S, Demir H. Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi. JOTAF. September 2020;17(3):329-345. doi:10.33462/jotaf.678764
Chicago Çetin, Murat, Selin Saygın, and Harun Demir. “Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme Ve Nedensellik Analizi”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17, no. 3 (September 2020): 329-45. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.678764.
EndNote Çetin M, Saygın S, Demir H (September 1, 2020) Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17 3 329–345.
IEEE M. Çetin, S. Saygın, and H. Demir, “Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi”, JOTAF, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 329–345, 2020, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.678764.
ISNAD Çetin, Murat et al. “Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme Ve Nedensellik Analizi”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17/3 (September 2020), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.678764.
JAMA Çetin M, Saygın S, Demir H. Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi. JOTAF. 2020;17:329–345.
MLA Çetin, Murat et al. “Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme Ve Nedensellik Analizi”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 3, 2020, pp. 329-45, doi:10.33462/jotaf.678764.
Vancouver Çetin M, Saygın S, Demir H. Tarım Sektörünün Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi. JOTAF. 2020;17(3):329-45.

Cited By