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Epistemic Transmission and Originality in Greek-Karamanlidika Publications Related to Makam Music in 19th-Century Istanbul

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 124 - 154, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1271019

Abstract

Ottoman Istanbul retained its position as the cultural center of the Greek community for centuries. During this period, Greeks interacted with multicultural societies in the city. Their musical culture and interests were also influenced by social interactions. As a result, they recorded some Ottoman musical pieces in various manuscripts from the 16th to the 20th centuries. In the 19th century Greek musicians, mainly cantors, started to publish a series of works on Ottoman repertoire and theory. First, Euterpi (1830) was published in Istanbul. Then a number of publications emerged prior to 1909, at which point O Rithmographos, the last theoretical work of the time, was published. At that time, both the reform of the Orthodox Church (1814) under the influence of modernism and the spread of the printing press facilitated the distribution of such books. In order to write makam music with an efficient technique, they drew upon some theoretical principles from European, Ottoman and church music alike. Since these theoretical adaptations were the result of both technical needs and cultural tendencies, the Greeks cultivated an epistemic originality in terms of makam theory and its history. Moreover, this was the reason that a symbiotic knowledge emerged, drawing upon the aforementioned sources. This study aims to demonstrate both the symbiosis and the originality by examining the musical knowledge embedded in Greek-Karamanlidika publications. The sources will be evaluated in terms of notation, terminology, theory (makam and usûl), repertoire and historical understanding of the makam tradition. The aim of the study is to carry out musicological research on those publications in light of the multicultural character of 19th-century Istanbul.

References

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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 124 - 154, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1271019

Abstract

References

  • Alygizakis, Antonios. E. (1990). “Εκκλησιαστικοί ήχοι και αραβοπερσικά μακάμια” (Ecclesiastical Echoi and Arab-Persian Makams). Grigorios o Palamas. 73 (732): 194-225.
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  • Apostolopoulos, Thomas and Kalaitzidis, Kyriakos. (2019). Musical Treasures, Exegeses of Secular Oriental Music Part 1. Bucureşti: Editura Universitatii Nationale de Muzica Bucuresti. Arel, Hüseyin Sâdeddin. (1993). Türk Mûsıkîsi Nazariyatı Dersleri (Theoretical Lessons of Turkish Music). Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı.
  • Ayangil, Ruhi. (2008). “Western Notation in Turkish Music”. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Series 3, 18 (4): 401-447. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27755982
  • Aydınlı, Rıdvan. (2020). “Osmanlı/Türk Müziği Geleneğinin Karamanlıca Kaynaklarında Usul Meselesi” (Rhythmical Issue (Usul) in Karamanlidika Sources of the Ottoman/Turkish Music Tradition), Master Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul: Turkey.
  • Behar, Cem. (2008). “Geleneksel Osmanlı/Türk Musikisinin Tarihsel Kaynaklarından: Karamanlıca Yayınlar” (From Historical Sources of Traditional Ottoman/Turkish Music: Karamanlidika Publications), Musikiden Müziğe Osmanlı/Türk Müziği: Gelenek ve Modernlik (Ottoman/Turkish Music from Musiki to Music: Tradition and Modernity), 2nd ed. Istanbul: YKY Yayınları, pp. 244-268.
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  • Erol, Merih. (2009). “Cultural Identifications of the Greek Orthodox Elite of Constantinople: Discourse on Music in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries”. PhD Thesis, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Istanbul: Turkey.
  • Güray, Cenk. (2012). Bin Yılın Mirası Makamı Var Eden Döngü: Edvar Geleneği. (A Thousand Years of Heritage of Turkish Music: Edvar Tradition) İstanbul: Pan Yayıncılık.
  • Kalaitzidis, Kyriakos. (2012). Post-Byzantine Music Manuscripts as a Source for Oriental Secular Music (15th to Early 19th Century). (Koubaroulis, Kiriaki; Koubaroulis, Dimitri Trans.). Istanbul: Orient-Institut Istanbul.
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  • Kyriazidis, Agathangelos. (1909). Ὁ Ρυθμογράφος (The Rythmographer). Istanbul: Patriarchal Printing House.
  • Mavroidis, Marios. (1999). Οί Μουσικοί Τρόποι στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο, Ο Βυζαντινός Ήχος το Αραβικό Μακάμ το Τουρκικό Μακάμ (Musical Modes in Eastern Mediterranean Byzantine Echos Arabic Makam Turkish Makam). Athens: Fagotto.
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  • Olley, Jacob. (2017). “Writing Music in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Ottoman Armenians and the Invention of Hampartsum Notation”. Unpublished PhD Thesis, King’s College London, London: England.
  • Öztürk, Okan Murat; Beşiroğlu, Şehvar and Bayraktarkatal, Melik Ertuğrul. (2014). “Makamı Anlamak: Makam Nazariye Tarihinde Başlıca Modeller” (Understanding Makam: The Major Theoretical Models in the History of Makam Theory). Porte Akademik Müzik ve Dans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 10: 9-36.
  • Papadopoulos, Georgios. (1890). Συμβολαὶ εἰς τὴν ἱστορίαν τῆς παρ’ ἡμῖν ἐκκλησιαστικῆς μουσικῆς (Contributions to the History of Our Ecclesiastical Music). Athens: Printing House of Kousoulinos and Athanasiados.
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  • Pappas, Miltiadis. (2007). “Apostolos Konstas'ın Nazariyat Kitabı” (The Theoretical Book of Constas). PhD Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul: Turkey.
  • Pektaş, Nil. (2015). “The Beginnings of Printing in the Ottman Capital: Book Production and Circulation in Early Modern Constantinople”. Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları. 16: 3-32. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/673531
  • Philoxenis, Kyriakos. (1859). Θεωρητικόν στοιχειώδες της μουσικής (Basic Theory of Music). Istanbul: S. Ignatidis.
  • Philoxenis, Kyriakos. (1868). Λεξικόν της Ελληνικής Εκκλησιαστικής Μουσικής (The Dictionary of Greek Ecclesiastical Music). Istanbul: Evangelinos Misailidis
  • Phokaeus, Theodoros P. & Vyzantios, Stavrakis. (1830). Εὐτέρπη (Euterpi). Istanbul: Galata Printing Press of Castro.
  • Phokaeus, Theodoros P. (1843). Ἡ Πανδώρα (Pandora) First Volume. Istanbul: Patriarchal Printing House.
  • Phokaeus, Theodoros P. (1846). Ἡ Πανδώρα (Pandora) Second Volume. Istanbul: Printing Press of Castro.
  • Phokaeus, Teodoros P. (1842). Κρηπίς του Θεωρητικού και πρακτικού της Εκκλησιαστιής Μουσικής (Foundation of Theory and Practice of the Ecclesiastical Music). Istanbul: Patriarchal Printing House.
  • Plemmenos, John. (2010). Ottoman Minority Musics: The Case of 18th Century Greek Phanariots. Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Plemmenos, John. (2014). “The Rosary and the Rose: Clergymen as Creators of Secular Poetry and Music in Early-modern Balkans”. Muzikoloski Zbornik. 50(2): 77-91. Retrieved from https://journals.uni-lj.si/MuzikoloskiZbornik/article/view/2994
  • Plemmenos, John. (2021). The Deconstruction of Byzantine Mode-organization and the New Chrysanthine ‘Order’. Epistēmēs Metron Logos, (5). Retrieved from https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/episteme/article/view/27644
  • Popescu Judetz, Eugenia; Sirli, Adriana. A. (2000). Sources of 18th Century Music. Panayiotes Chalatzoglu and Kyrillos Marmarinos Comparative Treatises on Secular Music. Istanbul: Pan Yayıncılık.
  • Protopsaltes, Gregorios. (19th c.). “Pesref Muhaiyi echos pl. a Terilelele”. Retrieved from https://pergamos.lib.uoa.gr/uoa/dl/frontend/el/browse/109426#fields
  • Poulos, Panagiotis C. (2019). “Spaces of Intercommunal Musical Relations in Ottoman Istanbul”. Yıllık: Annual of Istanbul Studies. 1: 181-191. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/904989
  • Psachos, Constantinos. (1906, June 30). “Περί του εννεάσημου ρυθμού εν τη ασιατική μουσική” (About Nine Beat Rhythms in Asian Music). Forminx, 6, pp. 1-2.
  • Psachos, Constantinos. (1908). Ασιάς Λύρα (Asian Lyre). Athens: Spyridon Kousoulinos.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Music
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eylül Doğan 0000-0001-9098-0599

Gözde Çolakoğlu Sarı 0000-0001-5586-3426

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Doğan, E., & Çolakoğlu Sarı, G. (2023). Epistemic Transmission and Originality in Greek-Karamanlidika Publications Related to Makam Music in 19th-Century Istanbul. Musicologist, 7(2), 124-154. https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1271019