Bursa’da plum pox virus (Şarka)'ün yaygınlığının ve genetik çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 14.02.2017

Kahraman Gürcan

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.290191

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Plum pox virus (PPV) tarafından oluşturulan Şarka hastalığı, sert çekirdekli meyve
türlerinin en önemli viral hastalığı olarak görülmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan
nükleotid dizileme çalışmaları ile PPV'nin Türkiye’de şehir merkezi ev
bahçelerinde sanıldığından daha fazla yaygınlık ve genetik çeşitlilik
gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ev bahçeleri Türkiye tipi PPV-D ve PPV-T ırkları ile
bulaşık iken, kapama bahçeler Avrupa tipi PPV-M ırkı ile bulaşıktır. Bursa ili
Türkiye’de önemli bir şeftali ve fidan üretim bölgesi olup, aynı zamanda
Avrupa’dan gelen fidanların Türkiye içinde dağıtım merkezidir. Bu nedenle iyi
izlenmesi gereken bir ildir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa ilinde surveyler yapılmış,
tespit edilen PPV-pozitif örneklere ait izolatlar, Türkiye’nin diğer
bölgelerinde ve Avrupa'da PPV izolatları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bursa ili ve
civarında, 50 kapama bahçeden 118 örnek DASI-ELISA ve RT-PCR yöntemleri ile
test edilmiş, 32 bahçeden alınan 64 örnek pozitif bulunmuştur. Bu örneklerin
664 nt uzunluğunda P3-6K1 bölgesi ve 969 nt uzunluğunda CT-3’UTR bölgesi
dizilenmiş, GenBank'a kayıtlı 200 adet izolat ile birlikte analiz edilmiştir.
Otuz şeftali bahçesinden alınan 56 izolatın, Türkiye kapama bahçelerinde tespit
edilen Avrupa PPV-M izolatı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bursa’da iki erik
bahçesinden alınan 8 adet izolat ise PPV-D olarak tespit edilmiş olup, bu
izolatlar Türkiye tipi PPV-D izolatları ile aynı grupta yer almıştır. Sonuç
itibariyle, Bursa kapama şeftali bahçelerinin Avrupa tipi PPV-M ile yaygın
olarak bulaşık olduğu ve bu izolatların PPV’nin yeni giriş yaptığı Aydın,
Denizli, Çanakkale, Isparta ve Kayseri illeri kapama bahçe izolatları ile yakın
genetik benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç, PPV-M ırkının Türkiye’de
yayılmasında, Bursa-Türkiye üzerinden olan fidan trafiğinin rolüne işaret
etmiştir.

Keywords

Şarka, Şeftali, Sert çekirdekli meyveler, PPV-Marcus, PPV-Dideron

Determination of prevalence and genetic diversity of plum pox virus (sharka) in peach orchards in Bursa

Abstract

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the most important viral disease of stone
fruit species. Recent nucleotide sequencing studies have revealed that PPV is
prevalent and exhibits high genetic diversity in residential gardens of several
provinces in Turkey. Trees in residential gardens have been found to be
infected by Turkish type PPV-D and PPV-T while trees in professional orchards
in several cities have been found to be affected by the European strain PPV-M.
The province Bursa is main peach producer region in Turkey but moreover Bursa
hosts big nursery industry and is the distribution center of seedlings imported
from European countries. In this research, surveys were made in the orchards of
Bursa and surrounding regions, and comparisons were made in order to
investigate genetic relationships among the isolates of Bursa and other PPV
isolates determined in Turkey as well as European PPV isolates. A total of  118 samples from 50 orchards were examined by
DASI-ELISA and RT-PCR methods. Of the all, 64 samples from 32 orchards were
found to be infected with PPV. The P3-6K1 gene region with 664 nt length and
the CP-3’UTR with 970 nt of the 64 isolates were sequenced and analyzed along
with 200 sequence records in the GenBank database. Fifty-six isolates were
identified as European type PPV-M. Eighth isolates from two plums orchard in
Bursa were identified as PPV-D and grouped with Turkish type PPV-D. These
results indicate that Bursa-Turkey seedlings traffic pathway seems to be the
source of PPV-M infection in the orchards in the country.

Keywords

Sharka, Peach, Stone fruits, PPV-Marcus, PPV-Dideron

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