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Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 1675 - 1689, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.709225

Abstract

Although the PPP concept is preferred for delivering mega-infrastructure projects in developed and developing countries in recent years, the success of these projects has been criticized. Especially, in Turkey, there are intensive criticisms about these project’s success concerning economic and environmental aspects. Determining the success criteria and their importance levels are key to remedy these issues since project teams can identify the clear set of the objectives of these projects, and all processes in PPP projects can be performed for achieving these objectives. There are studies about the success criteria of PPP projects in the literature. However, none of these studies focuses on Turkey. Given the fact that success criteria vary concerning the country’s cultural, economic, and traditional background, success criteria specific to Turkish PPP projects must be determined. Additionally, success criteria also vary among the different stakeholders, and unawareness of these differences puts the project success at risk. Thus, differences in perspectives of the public and private sectors were also investigated in this study. Firstly, 15 success criteria were extracted from the literature. Then, a questionnaire survey was organized to collect expert’s opinion about the importance of these criteria. 33 experts participated in this questionnaire survey. The data collected through the questionnaire survey was analyzed by using factor analysis and 4 factors were determined at the end of this analysis. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test was performed to investigate the differences in perspectives of the public and private sectors. The factor analysis shows that the most important factors are project delivery and the project’s contribution to the public’s prosperity. Besides, the findings indicated that stakeholders have considerable disagreements on three criteria, namely quality of the project with meeting output specifications, reliable and quality public service, and reduced public sector administrative costs.

References

  • [1] Mustafa, A., “Public-private partnership: an alternative institutional model for implementing the private finance initiative in the provision of transport infrastructure”,J. Proj. Financ.,5:64–79,(1999).
  • [2] Budayan, C., “Evaluation of delay causes for BOT projects based on perceptions of different stakeholders in Turkey”,J. Manag. Eng.,35:04018057,(2019).
  • [3] Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. P. C., Cheung, E., “Understanding the risks in China’s PPP projects: Ranking of their probability and consequence”,Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag.,18:481–496,(2011).
  • [4] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P., “Review of studies on the critical success factors for public–private partnership (PPP) projects from 1990 to 2013”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,33:1335–1346,(2015).
  • [5] Zhang, X. Q., “Critical success factors for public private partnerships in infrastructure development”,J. Constr. Eng. Manag.,131:3–14,(2005).
  • [6] EPEC, “Market Update: Review of the European PPP Market in 2012,” Luxembourg, (2018).
  • [7] Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı, “Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Raporu,” (2018).
  • [8] Love, P. E. D., Liu, J., Matthews, J., Sing, C.-P., Smith, J., “Future proofing PPPs: Life-cycle performance measurement and Building Information Modelling”,Autom. Constr.,56:26–35,(2015).
  • [9] BMI, “Industry trend analysis— PPP failures highlight project execution risks,” (2017).
  • [10] Infrastructure Australia, “National public private partnership guidelines: Overview,” Canberra, Australia, Australia, (2008).
  • [11] Raisbeck, P., Duffield, C., Xu, M., “Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement in Australia”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,28:345–359,(2010).
  • [12] Mwakabole, G. C., Gurmu, A. T., Tivendale, L., “Investigation of the challenges facing public-private partnership projects in Australia”,Constr. Econ. Build.,19:57–74,(2019).
  • [13] Jefferies, M., Gameson, R., Rowlinson, S., “Critical success factors of the BOOT procurement system: reflections from the stadium Australia case study.”,Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag.,9:353–361,(2002).
  • [14] Liu, J., Love, P. E. D., Smith, J., Regan, M., Davis, P. R., “Life Cycle Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects”,J. Manag. Eng.,31:04014073,(2015).
  • [15] Lim, C. S., Mohamed, M. Z., “Criteria of project success: An exploratory re-examination”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,17:243–248,(1999).
  • [16] Yuan, J., Zeng, A. Y., Skibniewski, M. J., Li, Q., “Selection of performance objectives and key performance indicators in public-private partnership projects to achieve value for money”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,27:253–270,(2009).
  • [17] Zou, W., Kumaraswamy, M., Chung, J., Wong, J., “Identifying the critical success factors for relationship management in PPP projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,32:265–274,(2014).
  • [18] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Comparative Anaysis of the Sucess Criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects in Ghana and Hong Kong”,Proj. Manag. J.,48:80–92,(2017).
  • [19] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Comparative Analysis of the Success Criteria for Public–Private Partnership Projects in Ghana and Hong Kong”,Proj. Manag. J.,48:80–92,(2017).
  • [20] Pinto, J. K., Slevin, D. P., “Critical success factors in R&D projects.”,Res. Technol. Manag.,32:31–35,(1989).
  • [21] Cserháti, G., Szabó, L., “The relationship between success criteria and success factors in organisational event projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,32:613–624,(2014).
  • [22] Al-Tmeemy, S. M. H. M., Abdul-Rahman, H., Harun, Z., “Future criteria for success of building projects in Malaysia.”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,29:337–348,(2011).
  • [23] Westerveld, E., “The project excellence model: link- ing success criteria and critical success factors”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,21:411–418,(2003).
  • [24] Cox, R. F., Issa, R. R. A., Ahrens, D., “Management’s perception of key performance indicators for construction”,J. Constr. Eng. Manag.,129:142–151,(2003).
  • [25] Ahadzie, D. K., Proverbs, D. G., Olomolaiye, P. O., “Critical success criteria for mass house building projects in developing countries”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,26:675–687,(2008).
  • [26] Toor, S. u R., Ogunlana, S. O., “Beyond the ‘iron triangle’: Stakeholder perception of key performance indicators (KPIs) for large-scale public sector development projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,28:228–236,(2010).
  • [27] Akintoye, A., Hardcastle, C., Beck, M., Chinyio, E., Asenova, D., “Achieving best value in private finance initiative project procurement”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,21:461–470,(2003).
  • [28] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., Javed, A. A., Ameyaw, E. E., “Critical success criteria for public-private partnership projects: international experts’ opinion”,Int. J. Strateg. Prop. Manag.,21:87–100,(2017).
  • [29] Belassi, W., Tukel, O. I., “A new framework for determining critical success/failure factors in projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,14:141–151,(1996).
  • [30] Dixon, T., Pottinger, G., Jordan, A., “Lessons from the private finance initiative in the UK”,J. Prop. Invest. Financ.,23:412–423,(2005).
  • [31] Zhang, X., “Public Clients’ Best Value Perspectives of Public Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development”,J. Constr. Eng. Manag.,132:107–114,(2006).
  • [32] Kušljić, D., Marenjak, S., “Evaluating the Success of PFI Projects in Crotia Applying Success Criterion ‘ Starting Date of Operation’”,Teh. Vjesn.,19:437–442,(2012).
  • [33] Kušljić, D., Marenjak, S., “Critical PPP/PFI Project Success Criteria for Public Sector Clients”,Teh. Vjesn.,20:947–954,(2013).
  • [34] Rohman, M. A., Doloi, H., Heywood, C. A., “Success criteria of toll road projects from a community societal perspective”,Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag.,7:32–44,(2017).
  • [35] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Developing a Project Success Index for Public–Private Partnership Projects in Developing Countries”,J. Infrastruct. Syst.,23:04017028,(2017).
  • [36] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Evaluating the project success index of public-private partnership projects in Hong Kong: The case of the Cross Harbour Tunnel”,Constr. Innov.,18:371–391,(2018).
  • [37] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Model for predicting the success of public–private partnership infrastructure projects in developing countries: a case of Ghana”,Archit. Eng. Des. Manag.,15:213–232,(2019).
  • [38] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Public sector’s perspective on implementing Public-Private Partnership (PPP) policy in Ghana and Hong Kong”,J. Facil. Manag.,(2018).
  • [39] Ahamd, U., Ibrahim, Y. B., Bakar, A. B. A., “Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects: Project success definition”,Int. J. Eng. Technol.,7:33–37,(2018).
  • [40] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Stakeholder’s perspectives on the success criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects”,Int. J. Strateg. Prop. Manag.,22:131–142,(2018).
  • [41] Ericcson, K. A., Simon, H. A., “Protocol analysis: Verbal reports on data.” MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, (1984).
  • [42] Greenwell, M., “Knowledge engineering for expert system.” New York: Halstad Press, (1988).
  • [43] Davies, M., Hakiel, S., “Knowledge harvesting: A practical guide to interviewing”,Expert Syst. Appl.,5:42–49,(1988).
  • [44] Villalba-Romero, F., Liyanage, C., “Evaluating Success in PPP Road Projects in Europe: A Comparison of Performance Measurement Approaches”,Transp. Res. Procedia,14:372–381,(2016).
  • [45] Li, B., Akintoye, A., Edwards, P. J., Hardcastle, C., “Critical success factors for PPP/PFI projects in the UK construction industry”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,23:459–471,(2005).
  • [46] Cheng, E. W. L., Li, H., “Construction Partnering Process and Associated Critical Success Factors: Quantitative Investigation”,J. Manag. Eng.,18:194–202,(2002).
  • [47] Gurgun, A. P., Koc, K., “Contractor prequalification for green buildings—evidence from Turkey”,Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag.,ahead-of-p:(2020).
  • [48] Nunnally, J. C., “Psychometric Theory,” 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • [49] Kline, P. A., “A Hanbook of Test Construction.” London: Methuen, (1986).
  • [50] Chou, J.-S., Pramudawardhani, D., “Cross-country comparisons of key drivers, critical success factors and risk allocation for public-private partnership projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,33:1136–1150,(2015).
  • [51] Williams, B., Onsman, A., Brown, T., “Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices”,J. Emerg. Prim. Heal. Care,8:1–13,(2010).
  • [52] Henson, R. K., Roberts, J. K., “Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research”,Educ. Psychol. Meas.,66:393–416,(2006).
  • [53] MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., Hong, S., “Sample Size in Factor Analysis”,Psychol. Methods,4:84–99,(1999).
  • [54] Hogarty, K. Y., Hines, C. V., Kromrey, J. D., Ferron, J. M., Mumford, K. R., “The Quality of Factor Solutions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: The Influence of Sample Size, Communality, and Overdetermination”,Educ. Psychol. Meas.,65:202–226,(2005).
  • [55] Mundfrom, D. J., Shaw, D. G., Ke, T. L., “Minimum Sample Size Recommendations for Conducting Factor Analyses”,Int. J. Test.,5:159–168,(2005).
  • [56] Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., “Multivariate data analysis.” NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, (2009).
  • [57] Ghasemi, A., Zahediasl, S., “Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians”,Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab.,10:486–489,(2012).
  • [58] Laerd Statistics, “Mann-Whitney U Test using SPSS Statistics.” [Online]. Available: https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/mann-whitney-u-test-using-spss-statistics.php. [Accessed: 09-Mar-2020].
  • [59] Budayan, C., “Kamu özel sektör işbirliği ile yapılan projelerdeki Kritik Başarı Faktörlerinin çeşitleme ile incelenmesi: Türkiye perspektifi”,Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Derg.,2018:1029–1044,(2018).
  • [60] Boussabaine, A., “Cost Planning of PFI and PPP building projects.” United Kindom: Routledge, (2013).
  • [61] Defeo, J. A., “Juran’s Quality Handbook: The Complete Guide to Performance Excellence,” 7th ed. OH, United States: McGraw-Hill, (2016).
  • [62] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Stakeholder’s perspectives on the success criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects”,Int. J. Strateg. Prop. Manag.,22:131–142,(2018).
  • [63] Meng, X., Zhao, Q., Shen, Q., “Critical Success Factors for Transfer-Operate-Transfer Urban Water Supply Projects in China”,J. Manag. Eng.,27:243–251,(2011).
  • [64] Kaya, B., “Hazine’den 2 milyar çıktı,” Sözcü Gazetesi. [Online]. Available: https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2019/ekonomi/hazineden-2-milyar-cikti-4303907/. [Accessed: 16-Mar-2020].
  • [65] Öz, A., “Kamu-Özel Ortaklığı/Public-Private Partnership (PPP) (Kavram ve Hukuksal Çerçeve)”,Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Derg.,11:1165–1182,(2007).
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Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 1675 - 1689, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.709225

Abstract

Although the PPP concept is preferred for delivering mega-infrastructure projects in developed and developing countries in recent years, the success of these projects has been criticized. Especially, in Turkey, there are intensive criticisms about these project’s success concerning economic and environmental aspects. Determining the success criteria and their importance levels are key to remedy these issues since project teams can identify the clear set of the objectives of these projects, and all processes in PPP projects can be performed for achieving these objectives. There are studies about the success criteria of PPP projects in the literature. However, none of these studies focuses on Turkey. Given the fact that success criteria vary concerning the country’s cultural, economic, and traditional background, success criteria specific to Turkish PPP projects must be determined. Additionally, success criteria also vary among the different stakeholders, and unawareness of these differences puts the project success at risk. Thus, differences in perspectives of the public and private sectors were also investigated in this study. Firstly, 15 success criteria were extracted from the literature. Then, a questionnaire survey was organized to collect expert’s opinion about the importance of these criteria. 33 experts participated in this questionnaire survey. The data collected through the questionnaire survey was analyzed by using factor analysis and 4 factors were determined at the end of this analysis. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test was performed to investigate the differences in perspectives of the public and private sectors. The factor analysis shows that the most important factors are project delivery and the project’s contribution to the public’s prosperity. Besides, the findings indicated that stakeholders have considerable disagreements on three criteria, namely quality of the project with meeting output specifications, reliable and quality public service, and reduced public sector administrative costs.

References

  • [1] Mustafa, A., “Public-private partnership: an alternative institutional model for implementing the private finance initiative in the provision of transport infrastructure”,J. Proj. Financ.,5:64–79,(1999).
  • [2] Budayan, C., “Evaluation of delay causes for BOT projects based on perceptions of different stakeholders in Turkey”,J. Manag. Eng.,35:04018057,(2019).
  • [3] Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. P. C., Cheung, E., “Understanding the risks in China’s PPP projects: Ranking of their probability and consequence”,Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag.,18:481–496,(2011).
  • [4] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P., “Review of studies on the critical success factors for public–private partnership (PPP) projects from 1990 to 2013”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,33:1335–1346,(2015).
  • [5] Zhang, X. Q., “Critical success factors for public private partnerships in infrastructure development”,J. Constr. Eng. Manag.,131:3–14,(2005).
  • [6] EPEC, “Market Update: Review of the European PPP Market in 2012,” Luxembourg, (2018).
  • [7] Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı, “Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Raporu,” (2018).
  • [8] Love, P. E. D., Liu, J., Matthews, J., Sing, C.-P., Smith, J., “Future proofing PPPs: Life-cycle performance measurement and Building Information Modelling”,Autom. Constr.,56:26–35,(2015).
  • [9] BMI, “Industry trend analysis— PPP failures highlight project execution risks,” (2017).
  • [10] Infrastructure Australia, “National public private partnership guidelines: Overview,” Canberra, Australia, Australia, (2008).
  • [11] Raisbeck, P., Duffield, C., Xu, M., “Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement in Australia”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,28:345–359,(2010).
  • [12] Mwakabole, G. C., Gurmu, A. T., Tivendale, L., “Investigation of the challenges facing public-private partnership projects in Australia”,Constr. Econ. Build.,19:57–74,(2019).
  • [13] Jefferies, M., Gameson, R., Rowlinson, S., “Critical success factors of the BOOT procurement system: reflections from the stadium Australia case study.”,Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag.,9:353–361,(2002).
  • [14] Liu, J., Love, P. E. D., Smith, J., Regan, M., Davis, P. R., “Life Cycle Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects”,J. Manag. Eng.,31:04014073,(2015).
  • [15] Lim, C. S., Mohamed, M. Z., “Criteria of project success: An exploratory re-examination”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,17:243–248,(1999).
  • [16] Yuan, J., Zeng, A. Y., Skibniewski, M. J., Li, Q., “Selection of performance objectives and key performance indicators in public-private partnership projects to achieve value for money”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,27:253–270,(2009).
  • [17] Zou, W., Kumaraswamy, M., Chung, J., Wong, J., “Identifying the critical success factors for relationship management in PPP projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,32:265–274,(2014).
  • [18] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Comparative Anaysis of the Sucess Criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects in Ghana and Hong Kong”,Proj. Manag. J.,48:80–92,(2017).
  • [19] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Comparative Analysis of the Success Criteria for Public–Private Partnership Projects in Ghana and Hong Kong”,Proj. Manag. J.,48:80–92,(2017).
  • [20] Pinto, J. K., Slevin, D. P., “Critical success factors in R&D projects.”,Res. Technol. Manag.,32:31–35,(1989).
  • [21] Cserháti, G., Szabó, L., “The relationship between success criteria and success factors in organisational event projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,32:613–624,(2014).
  • [22] Al-Tmeemy, S. M. H. M., Abdul-Rahman, H., Harun, Z., “Future criteria for success of building projects in Malaysia.”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,29:337–348,(2011).
  • [23] Westerveld, E., “The project excellence model: link- ing success criteria and critical success factors”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,21:411–418,(2003).
  • [24] Cox, R. F., Issa, R. R. A., Ahrens, D., “Management’s perception of key performance indicators for construction”,J. Constr. Eng. Manag.,129:142–151,(2003).
  • [25] Ahadzie, D. K., Proverbs, D. G., Olomolaiye, P. O., “Critical success criteria for mass house building projects in developing countries”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,26:675–687,(2008).
  • [26] Toor, S. u R., Ogunlana, S. O., “Beyond the ‘iron triangle’: Stakeholder perception of key performance indicators (KPIs) for large-scale public sector development projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,28:228–236,(2010).
  • [27] Akintoye, A., Hardcastle, C., Beck, M., Chinyio, E., Asenova, D., “Achieving best value in private finance initiative project procurement”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,21:461–470,(2003).
  • [28] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., Javed, A. A., Ameyaw, E. E., “Critical success criteria for public-private partnership projects: international experts’ opinion”,Int. J. Strateg. Prop. Manag.,21:87–100,(2017).
  • [29] Belassi, W., Tukel, O. I., “A new framework for determining critical success/failure factors in projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,14:141–151,(1996).
  • [30] Dixon, T., Pottinger, G., Jordan, A., “Lessons from the private finance initiative in the UK”,J. Prop. Invest. Financ.,23:412–423,(2005).
  • [31] Zhang, X., “Public Clients’ Best Value Perspectives of Public Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development”,J. Constr. Eng. Manag.,132:107–114,(2006).
  • [32] Kušljić, D., Marenjak, S., “Evaluating the Success of PFI Projects in Crotia Applying Success Criterion ‘ Starting Date of Operation’”,Teh. Vjesn.,19:437–442,(2012).
  • [33] Kušljić, D., Marenjak, S., “Critical PPP/PFI Project Success Criteria for Public Sector Clients”,Teh. Vjesn.,20:947–954,(2013).
  • [34] Rohman, M. A., Doloi, H., Heywood, C. A., “Success criteria of toll road projects from a community societal perspective”,Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag.,7:32–44,(2017).
  • [35] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Developing a Project Success Index for Public–Private Partnership Projects in Developing Countries”,J. Infrastruct. Syst.,23:04017028,(2017).
  • [36] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Evaluating the project success index of public-private partnership projects in Hong Kong: The case of the Cross Harbour Tunnel”,Constr. Innov.,18:371–391,(2018).
  • [37] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Model for predicting the success of public–private partnership infrastructure projects in developing countries: a case of Ghana”,Archit. Eng. Des. Manag.,15:213–232,(2019).
  • [38] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Public sector’s perspective on implementing Public-Private Partnership (PPP) policy in Ghana and Hong Kong”,J. Facil. Manag.,(2018).
  • [39] Ahamd, U., Ibrahim, Y. B., Bakar, A. B. A., “Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects: Project success definition”,Int. J. Eng. Technol.,7:33–37,(2018).
  • [40] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Stakeholder’s perspectives on the success criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects”,Int. J. Strateg. Prop. Manag.,22:131–142,(2018).
  • [41] Ericcson, K. A., Simon, H. A., “Protocol analysis: Verbal reports on data.” MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, (1984).
  • [42] Greenwell, M., “Knowledge engineering for expert system.” New York: Halstad Press, (1988).
  • [43] Davies, M., Hakiel, S., “Knowledge harvesting: A practical guide to interviewing”,Expert Syst. Appl.,5:42–49,(1988).
  • [44] Villalba-Romero, F., Liyanage, C., “Evaluating Success in PPP Road Projects in Europe: A Comparison of Performance Measurement Approaches”,Transp. Res. Procedia,14:372–381,(2016).
  • [45] Li, B., Akintoye, A., Edwards, P. J., Hardcastle, C., “Critical success factors for PPP/PFI projects in the UK construction industry”,Constr. Manag. Econ.,23:459–471,(2005).
  • [46] Cheng, E. W. L., Li, H., “Construction Partnering Process and Associated Critical Success Factors: Quantitative Investigation”,J. Manag. Eng.,18:194–202,(2002).
  • [47] Gurgun, A. P., Koc, K., “Contractor prequalification for green buildings—evidence from Turkey”,Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag.,ahead-of-p:(2020).
  • [48] Nunnally, J. C., “Psychometric Theory,” 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • [49] Kline, P. A., “A Hanbook of Test Construction.” London: Methuen, (1986).
  • [50] Chou, J.-S., Pramudawardhani, D., “Cross-country comparisons of key drivers, critical success factors and risk allocation for public-private partnership projects”,Int. J. Proj. Manag.,33:1136–1150,(2015).
  • [51] Williams, B., Onsman, A., Brown, T., “Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices”,J. Emerg. Prim. Heal. Care,8:1–13,(2010).
  • [52] Henson, R. K., Roberts, J. K., “Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research”,Educ. Psychol. Meas.,66:393–416,(2006).
  • [53] MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., Hong, S., “Sample Size in Factor Analysis”,Psychol. Methods,4:84–99,(1999).
  • [54] Hogarty, K. Y., Hines, C. V., Kromrey, J. D., Ferron, J. M., Mumford, K. R., “The Quality of Factor Solutions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: The Influence of Sample Size, Communality, and Overdetermination”,Educ. Psychol. Meas.,65:202–226,(2005).
  • [55] Mundfrom, D. J., Shaw, D. G., Ke, T. L., “Minimum Sample Size Recommendations for Conducting Factor Analyses”,Int. J. Test.,5:159–168,(2005).
  • [56] Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., “Multivariate data analysis.” NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, (2009).
  • [57] Ghasemi, A., Zahediasl, S., “Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians”,Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab.,10:486–489,(2012).
  • [58] Laerd Statistics, “Mann-Whitney U Test using SPSS Statistics.” [Online]. Available: https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/mann-whitney-u-test-using-spss-statistics.php. [Accessed: 09-Mar-2020].
  • [59] Budayan, C., “Kamu özel sektör işbirliği ile yapılan projelerdeki Kritik Başarı Faktörlerinin çeşitleme ile incelenmesi: Türkiye perspektifi”,Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Derg.,2018:1029–1044,(2018).
  • [60] Boussabaine, A., “Cost Planning of PFI and PPP building projects.” United Kindom: Routledge, (2013).
  • [61] Defeo, J. A., “Juran’s Quality Handbook: The Complete Guide to Performance Excellence,” 7th ed. OH, United States: McGraw-Hill, (2016).
  • [62] Osei-Kyei, R., Chan, A. P. C., “Stakeholder’s perspectives on the success criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects”,Int. J. Strateg. Prop. Manag.,22:131–142,(2018).
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ozan Okudan 0000-0001-7816-2761

Cenk Budayan 0000-0002-8433-2824

Publication Date December 1, 2021
Submission Date March 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Okudan, O., & Budayan, C. (2021). Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi, 24(4), 1675-1689. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.709225
AMA Okudan O, Budayan C. Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi. December 2021;24(4):1675-1689. doi:10.2339/politeknik.709225
Chicago Okudan, Ozan, and Cenk Budayan. “Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey”. Politeknik Dergisi 24, no. 4 (December 2021): 1675-89. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.709225.
EndNote Okudan O, Budayan C (December 1, 2021) Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi 24 4 1675–1689.
IEEE O. Okudan and C. Budayan, “Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey”, Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1675–1689, 2021, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.709225.
ISNAD Okudan, Ozan - Budayan, Cenk. “Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey”. Politeknik Dergisi 24/4 (December 2021), 1675-1689. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.709225.
JAMA Okudan O, Budayan C. Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi. 2021;24:1675–1689.
MLA Okudan, Ozan and Cenk Budayan. “Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey”. Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, 2021, pp. 1675-89, doi:10.2339/politeknik.709225.
Vancouver Okudan O, Budayan C. Determination of the Critical Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi. 2021;24(4):1675-89.