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Küreselleşme Çağında Kentsel Afetler

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 187 - 204, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.684523

Abstract

Afetlerin ekonomi ve toplumlara olan kısa ve uzun dönem etkileri yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konmuştur. Küreselleşmenin yaygınlaşması ile afet etkilerinde meydana gelen değişikliler küresel ve yerel ekonomilerin üzerinde etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma kent ortamında meydana gelen afetlerin etkilerini küreselleşme ışığında ele alacaktır. Kentler kuruldukları ilk çağlardan bu yana doğal afetlerden etkilenmiştir. Doğal faktörlere göre planlanan kentler küreselleşme çağında yeni afet çeşidleri nedeniyle tehdit altındadır. Küreselleşmenin gelişmekte olan ülkelere sağladığı kazançlar tartışılıyor olsa da, bu çalışma sanayileşmiş ekonomilerin gelişmekte olan ülkeler ile bağını kurarak afet etkilerini inceleyecektir. Afetin makroekonomi üzerine etkileri ihmal edilmemeli, afet yönetimi topluma ve toplumun esnekliğine (resilience) odaklanmalıdır. Kent küçük ve sınırlanmış coğrafyalarda yaşayan topluluklara inşa edilmiş çevrelerde hizmet eden altyapıların, diğer yapıların ve binaların tümüdür. Kentli kent alanları dâhilinde ilgili sistemeler çerçevesinde kurulu sosyal işlevler tarafından desteklenmektedir. Sermaye stoku iş merkezlerini kapsayan ekipmanları, altyapıyı ve ekonomik ilişkileri yönlendiren birikimdir. Afet kent içerisinde yaşayanları ve kurulu sermaye stokunu doğrudan etkileyen sonuçları doğurur.

References

  • Akay, A. 2007. “Çevre Düzeni Planları ve Yetki Sorunları.” Amme İdaresi Dergisi 40: 113-148.
  • Andersen, T. J., and P. Masci. 2001. “Economic Exposures to Natural Disasters, Public Policy, and Alternative Risk Management Approaches.” Infrastructure and Financial Markets Review 7(4).
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 1993a. The Political Economy of Large Natural Disasters. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 1993b. “Natural Disaster Situations and Growth: A Macroeconomic Model for Sudden Disaster Impacts.” World Development 21(9): 1417–1434.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 1999. “Industrial Interdependence Change in Chile 1960–90. A Comparison with Taiwan and South Korea.” International Review of Applied Economics 13(2):161–191.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 2000a. “Complex Emergencies versus Natural Disasters. An Analytical Comparison of Causes and Effects.” Oxford Development Studies 28(2):187–204.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 2000b. “Responses to Complex Humanitarian Emergencies and Natural Disasters. An Analytical Comparison.” Third World Quarterly 21(2):215–227.
  • Barton, A. 1970. Communities in Disaster. A Sociological Study of Collective Stress Situations. Garden City, MI: Anchor, Doubleday.
  • Barton, T. L., W. G. Shenkir, and P. L. Walker. 2002. Making Enterprise Risk Management Pay Off. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Charveriat, C. 2000. “Natural Disaster Risk in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington, D.C.: IDB.
  • Chang, H. 1996. The Political Economy of Industrial Policy. London: Macmillan.
  • Childe, V. G. (1948) Man Makes Himself. London.
  • Cochrane, H.C. 1975. Natural Disasters and their Distributive Effects. Boulder, CO: Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Cohen, Linda and Roger Noll. 1981. “The Economics of Building Codes to Resist Seismic Shocks.” Public PolicyWinter:1–29.
  • Culp, G. L. 2002. The ART of Risk Management: Alternative Risk Transfer, Capital Structure, and the Convergence of Insurance and Capital Markets. New York: Wiley.
  • Cuny, F.C. 1983. Disaster and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dacy, D.C., and H. Kunreuther. 1969. The Economics of Natural Disasters. New York: Free Press.
  • Davis, I., ed. 1981. Disaster and Small Dwelling. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Doherty, N. A. 2000. Integrated Risk Management: Techniques and Strategies for Reducing Risk. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Dynes, R.R. 1970. Organized Behaviour in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Heath & Co.
  • ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean). 1999. Manual for Estimating the Socio-Economic Effects of Natural Disasters. Santiago, Chile.
  • Filion, P., Sands, G. ve Skidmore, M. (2015) Cities at Risk: Planning for and Recovering from Natural Disasters. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited
  • Geddes, P. 1949. Cities in Evolution. London: Wıllıams & Norgate ltd.
  • Giarini, O., ed. 1984. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Geneva: The Geneva Association.
  • Gulkan, Polat. 2001. “Revision of the Turkish Development Law No. 3194 Governing Urban Development and Land Use Planning.” In Paul Kleindorfer and Murat Sertel, Mitigation and Financing of Seismic Risks: Turkish and International Perspectives. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • İbni Haldun 2013. Mukaddime. İstanbul, Kaynak Yayınları.
  • ICRC (International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). 2001. World Disasters Report: Focus on Recovery. Geneva.
  • Kunreuther, H. 1997. “Rethinking Society’s Management of Catastrophic Risks.” Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance 83: 151–176.
  • Kleindorfer, P. R., and H.C. Kunreuther. 1999. “Challenges Facing the Insurance Industry in Managing Catastrophe Risks.” In K.A. Froot, ed., The Financing of Catastrophe Risk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • March, A. ve Kornakova, M. 2017. Urban Planning for Disaster Recovery. Cambridge: Butterwoth-Heinamann.
  • Mansoob, M., ed. 2002. Globalization, Marginalization and Development. London: Routledge.
  • Matsuoko, Y. ve Shaw, R. 2014. Hyogo Framework for Action and Urban Disaster Resilience. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
  • Nafziger, W., and R. Vayrynen, eds. 2002. The Prevention of Humanitarian Emergencies. Houndmills: Palgrave.
  • Nayyar, D., ed. 2002. Governing Globalization: Issues and Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Pelling, M. 2003. The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural Disasters and Social Resilience. Oxon: Earthscan.
  • Quarantelli, E.L. 1978. Disaster Theory and Research. London: SAGE.
  • Rivet, P. 1973. Maya Cities. London: Elek Books Limited.
  • Rossi, P.H. and others. 1982. Natural Hazards and Public Choice. New York: Academic Press.
  • Schmidt, K. 2012. Göbekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. Heidelberg: ArchaeNova Publishing.
  • Shew, R. ve Parvin, G. 2016. Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia. Oxon: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Smith, K. 1992. Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster. New York: Routledge.
  • Stiglitz, J. 2002. Globalization and its Discontents. London: Allen Lane.
  • Stewart, F., F.P. Humphreys, and N. Lea. 1997. “Civil Conflict in Developing Countries Over the Last Quarter of a Century: An Empirical Overview of Economic and Social Consequences.” Oxford Development Studies 25(1):11–41.
  • Thomas, J. 1990. Informal Economic Activity. London: LSE Publications.
  • Weiss, J. 2002. Industrialisation and Globalization. London: Routledge.
  • White, G.F., ed. 1974. Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank. 2001. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty. Washington, D.C.. Washington, D.C.

Urban Disasters in the Globalization Age

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 187 - 204, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.684523

Abstract

The short and long-term effects of disasters on the economy and societies have been demonstrated through disaster studies. Changes in disaster effects with the spread of globalization have effects on global and local economies. This study will address the effects of disasters occurring in the urban environment in the light of globalization. Cities have been affected by natural disasters since the first ages they were founded. Cities planned according to natural factors are under threat due to new disaster types in the era of globalization. Although the benefits of globalization to developing countries are discussed, this study will examine disaster effects by establishing the link of industrialized economies with developing countries. The effects of disaster on macroeconomics should not be neglected, and disaster management should focus on society and resilience. The city is all of the infrastructures, other structures and buildings serving in environments built for communities living in small and restricted geographies. It is the accumulation that directs the equipments, infrastructure and economic relations that include capital stock business centers. Disaster has consequences that directly affect urban residents and established capital stock.

References

  • Akay, A. 2007. “Çevre Düzeni Planları ve Yetki Sorunları.” Amme İdaresi Dergisi 40: 113-148.
  • Andersen, T. J., and P. Masci. 2001. “Economic Exposures to Natural Disasters, Public Policy, and Alternative Risk Management Approaches.” Infrastructure and Financial Markets Review 7(4).
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 1993a. The Political Economy of Large Natural Disasters. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 1993b. “Natural Disaster Situations and Growth: A Macroeconomic Model for Sudden Disaster Impacts.” World Development 21(9): 1417–1434.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 1999. “Industrial Interdependence Change in Chile 1960–90. A Comparison with Taiwan and South Korea.” International Review of Applied Economics 13(2):161–191.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 2000a. “Complex Emergencies versus Natural Disasters. An Analytical Comparison of Causes and Effects.” Oxford Development Studies 28(2):187–204.
  • Albala-Bertrand, J.M. 2000b. “Responses to Complex Humanitarian Emergencies and Natural Disasters. An Analytical Comparison.” Third World Quarterly 21(2):215–227.
  • Barton, A. 1970. Communities in Disaster. A Sociological Study of Collective Stress Situations. Garden City, MI: Anchor, Doubleday.
  • Barton, T. L., W. G. Shenkir, and P. L. Walker. 2002. Making Enterprise Risk Management Pay Off. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Charveriat, C. 2000. “Natural Disaster Risk in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington, D.C.: IDB.
  • Chang, H. 1996. The Political Economy of Industrial Policy. London: Macmillan.
  • Childe, V. G. (1948) Man Makes Himself. London.
  • Cochrane, H.C. 1975. Natural Disasters and their Distributive Effects. Boulder, CO: Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Cohen, Linda and Roger Noll. 1981. “The Economics of Building Codes to Resist Seismic Shocks.” Public PolicyWinter:1–29.
  • Culp, G. L. 2002. The ART of Risk Management: Alternative Risk Transfer, Capital Structure, and the Convergence of Insurance and Capital Markets. New York: Wiley.
  • Cuny, F.C. 1983. Disaster and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dacy, D.C., and H. Kunreuther. 1969. The Economics of Natural Disasters. New York: Free Press.
  • Davis, I., ed. 1981. Disaster and Small Dwelling. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Doherty, N. A. 2000. Integrated Risk Management: Techniques and Strategies for Reducing Risk. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Dynes, R.R. 1970. Organized Behaviour in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Heath & Co.
  • ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean). 1999. Manual for Estimating the Socio-Economic Effects of Natural Disasters. Santiago, Chile.
  • Filion, P., Sands, G. ve Skidmore, M. (2015) Cities at Risk: Planning for and Recovering from Natural Disasters. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited
  • Geddes, P. 1949. Cities in Evolution. London: Wıllıams & Norgate ltd.
  • Giarini, O., ed. 1984. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Geneva: The Geneva Association.
  • Gulkan, Polat. 2001. “Revision of the Turkish Development Law No. 3194 Governing Urban Development and Land Use Planning.” In Paul Kleindorfer and Murat Sertel, Mitigation and Financing of Seismic Risks: Turkish and International Perspectives. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • İbni Haldun 2013. Mukaddime. İstanbul, Kaynak Yayınları.
  • ICRC (International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). 2001. World Disasters Report: Focus on Recovery. Geneva.
  • Kunreuther, H. 1997. “Rethinking Society’s Management of Catastrophic Risks.” Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance 83: 151–176.
  • Kleindorfer, P. R., and H.C. Kunreuther. 1999. “Challenges Facing the Insurance Industry in Managing Catastrophe Risks.” In K.A. Froot, ed., The Financing of Catastrophe Risk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • March, A. ve Kornakova, M. 2017. Urban Planning for Disaster Recovery. Cambridge: Butterwoth-Heinamann.
  • Mansoob, M., ed. 2002. Globalization, Marginalization and Development. London: Routledge.
  • Matsuoko, Y. ve Shaw, R. 2014. Hyogo Framework for Action and Urban Disaster Resilience. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
  • Nafziger, W., and R. Vayrynen, eds. 2002. The Prevention of Humanitarian Emergencies. Houndmills: Palgrave.
  • Nayyar, D., ed. 2002. Governing Globalization: Issues and Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Pelling, M. 2003. The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural Disasters and Social Resilience. Oxon: Earthscan.
  • Quarantelli, E.L. 1978. Disaster Theory and Research. London: SAGE.
  • Rivet, P. 1973. Maya Cities. London: Elek Books Limited.
  • Rossi, P.H. and others. 1982. Natural Hazards and Public Choice. New York: Academic Press.
  • Schmidt, K. 2012. Göbekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. Heidelberg: ArchaeNova Publishing.
  • Shew, R. ve Parvin, G. 2016. Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia. Oxon: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Smith, K. 1992. Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster. New York: Routledge.
  • Stiglitz, J. 2002. Globalization and its Discontents. London: Allen Lane.
  • Stewart, F., F.P. Humphreys, and N. Lea. 1997. “Civil Conflict in Developing Countries Over the Last Quarter of a Century: An Empirical Overview of Economic and Social Consequences.” Oxford Development Studies 25(1):11–41.
  • Thomas, J. 1990. Informal Economic Activity. London: LSE Publications.
  • Weiss, J. 2002. Industrialisation and Globalization. London: Routledge.
  • White, G.F., ed. 1974. Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank. 2001. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty. Washington, D.C.. Washington, D.C.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cumhur Olcar 0000-0003-3020-4875

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date July 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Olcar, C. (2020). Küreselleşme Çağında Kentsel Afetler. Resilience, 4(2), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.684523

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