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THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON INJURIES IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 323 - 331, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.809970

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate whether psychosocial
factors such as anxiety level or level of coping
resources affect the occurrence of injury.
Materials and Methods
A total of 83 professional football players participated
in the study. At the beginning of the study, the State-
Trait Anxiety Inventory, Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-
28 and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived
Social Support were completed. Team doctors noted the type and severity of injury, and the number of trainings
and matches the players missed due to injury.
Results
Sixty-three of the 83 players (75.9%) suffered a total
of 121 injuries. Total injury incidence was 6.2/1000
hours (during match 18.3/1000 h; during training
3.2/1000 h). Four (3.2%) of the injuries were minimal,
28 (22.9%) were mild, 67 (55.1%) were moderate, and
22 (17.9%) were severe. There was a negative correlation
between the number and severity of injuries and
coping skills, and a positive correlation between the
number and severity of injuries and anxiety level. These
relationships were statistically significant (p <0.05).
Injured players had higher levels of anxiety and lower
coping resources. There was a statistically significant
difference between injured and uninjured players for
these values (p <0.05).
Conclusion
It was clearly observed that there is a relationship
between psychological factors and the occurrence of
sports injuries. Investigating the relationship between
psychological factors and the risk of injury appears to
be important in preventing sports injuries.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Dr. Timur Köse for his valuable help with the statistics.

References

  • 1. Bauer R, Steiner M. Injuries in the European Union: Statistics Summary 2005 – 2007. Vienna: Austrian Road Safety Board (KfV).2009 [cited 08 November 2020]. Available from: https:// ec.europa.eu/health//sites/health/files/data_collection/docs/ idb_report_2013_en.pdf
  • 2. Bahr R, Holme I. Risk factors for sports injuries - a methodological approach. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:384–92.
  • 3. Söderman K, Alfredson H, Pietila T, Werner S. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001a;9:313–21.
  • 4. Knapik JJ, Bauman CL, Jones BH, Harris JM, Vaughan L. Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19:76–81.
  • 5. Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Risk factors for injuries in football. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:5–16.
  • 6. Junge A, Dvorak J, Rosch D, Graf-Baumann T, Chomiak J, Peterson L. Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players. Am J Sport Med. 2000;28:22-8.
  • 7. Maddison R, Prapavessis H. Preventing sport injuries: a case for psychology intervention. In: Pargman D, ed. Psychological bases of sport injuries. 2007.p.25–38.
  • 8. Andersen MB, Williams JM. A model of stress and athletic injury: Prediction and prevention. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1988;10:294-306.
  • 9. Williams JM, Andersen MB. Psychological Antecedents of Sport Injury: Review and Critique of the Stress and Injury Model. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1998;10(1):5-25.
  • 10. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Werner J, Ekstrand J. The epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament injury in football (soccer): a review of the literature from a gender-related perspective. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:3–10.
  • 11. Lüthje P, Nurmi I, Kataja M, Belt E, Helenius P, Kaukonen JP, et al. Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in elite soccer: A prospective study in Finland. Scand J Med and Sci Sport. 1996;6:180–5.
  • 12. Ristolainen L, Heinonen A, Waller B, Kujala UM, Kettunen JA. Gender differences in sport injury risk and types of injuries: a retrospective twelve-month study on cross country skiers, swimmers, long distance runners and soccer players. J Sports Sci Med. 2009;8:443–51.
  • 13. Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football – the UEFA injury study. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(7):553-8.
  • 14. Walden M, Hagglund M, Ekstrand J. UEFA champions league study: a prospective study of injuries in professional football during the 2001–2002 season. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:542–6.
  • 15. Johnson U, Ivarsson A. Psychological predictors of sport injuries among junior soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:129–36.
  • 16. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
  • 17. Öner N, Le Compte A. Süreksiz durumluk /sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. 1.Basım. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi. 1983;1-3.
  • 18. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52:30-41.
  • 19. Eker D, Arkar H. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlilik ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikologlar Dergisi. 1995;10(34):45-55.
  • 20. Smith RE, Schutz RW, Smoll FL, Ptacek JT. Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1995;17(4):379-98.
  • 21. Erhan SE, Bedir D, Güler MŞ, Ağduman F.. Sporcuların Psikolojik Becerilerini Değerlendirme Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlilik Güvenirlik Çalışması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;17(1):59-71.
  • 22. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:193–201.
  • 23. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Bahr R, Ekstrand J. Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:340–6..
  • 24. Maddison R, Prapavessis H. A psychological approach to the prediction and prevention f athletic injury. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005;27:289-310.
  • 25. Ivarsson A, Johnson U, Podlog L. Psychological predictors of injury occurrence: a prospective investigation of professional Swedish soccer players. J Sport Rehabil. 2013;22(1):19-26.
  • 26. Lavallee L, Flint F. The relationship of stress, competitive anxiety, mood state, and social support to athletic injury. J Athl Train. 1996;31:296–9.
  • 27. Andersen MB. Psychosocial factors and changes in peripheral vision, muscle tension, and fine motor skills during stress. Diss Abstr Int. 1989;49(10-B):4580.
  • 28. Rogers TM, Landers DM. Mediating effects of peripheral vision in the life event stress/athletic injury relationship. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005;27:271–88.
  • 29. Hanson SJ, McCullagh P, Tonymon P. The relationship of personality characteristics, life stress, and coping resources to athletic injury. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1992;14:262-72.
  • 30. Lindwall M. Factorial validity and invariance testing of the Swedish Social Physique Anxiety Scale: Arguments for gender-specific scales. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2004;26:492-9.

PSİKOLOJİK FAKTÖRLERİN FUTBOLCULARDAKİ YARALANMALAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 323 - 331, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.809970

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı kaygı seviyesi ve başa çıkma kaynakları
düzeyi gibi psikososyal faktörlerin yaralanma
oluşumunu etkileyip etkilemediğini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya toplam 83 futbolcu katıldı. Çalışmanın başında
Sürekli ve Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği, Sporcuların
Psikolojik Becerilerini Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Çok
Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği dolduruldu.
Takım doktorları yaralanmanın tipini, şiddetini ve
sporcunun yaralanmaya bağlı olarak kaçırdığı antrenman
ve maç sayısını ve takımdan ayrı kaldığı süreyi
kaydetti.
Bulgular
83 futbolcunun 63’ünde (%75.9) toplam 121 yaralanma
gözlendi. Toplam yaralanma insidansı Toplam
yaralanma insidansı 6.2/1000 saat, maçta yaralanma
insidansı 18.3/1000 saat, antrenmanda yaralanma
insidansı 3.4/1000 saatti. Yaralanmaların 4’ü (3.2%)
minimal, 28’i (22.9%) hafif, 67’si (55.1%) orta, 22’si
(17.9%) ciddi şiddetli yaralanmalardı. Yaralanma
sayısı ve şiddeti ile başa çıkma kaynakları arasında
negatif, kaygı seviyesi arasında pozitif ilişki vardı. Bu
ilişkiler istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0.05). Yaralanan
sporcularda daha yüksek kaygı seviyesi ve daha
düşük başa çıkma kaynakları mevcuttu. Yaralanan ve
yaralanmayan sporcular arasında bu değerler için istatiksel
olarak anlamlı farklılık vardı (p<0.05).
Sonuç
Psikolojik faktörler ve spor yaralanmalarının oluşumu
arasında bir ilişki olduğu açıkça görülmektedir. Psikolojik
faktörler ile yaralanma riski arasındaki ilişkiyi
araştırmanın spor yaralanmalarını önlemek açısından
önemli olduğu görünmektedir.

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Bauer R, Steiner M. Injuries in the European Union: Statistics Summary 2005 – 2007. Vienna: Austrian Road Safety Board (KfV).2009 [cited 08 November 2020]. Available from: https:// ec.europa.eu/health//sites/health/files/data_collection/docs/ idb_report_2013_en.pdf
  • 2. Bahr R, Holme I. Risk factors for sports injuries - a methodological approach. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:384–92.
  • 3. Söderman K, Alfredson H, Pietila T, Werner S. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001a;9:313–21.
  • 4. Knapik JJ, Bauman CL, Jones BH, Harris JM, Vaughan L. Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19:76–81.
  • 5. Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Risk factors for injuries in football. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:5–16.
  • 6. Junge A, Dvorak J, Rosch D, Graf-Baumann T, Chomiak J, Peterson L. Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players. Am J Sport Med. 2000;28:22-8.
  • 7. Maddison R, Prapavessis H. Preventing sport injuries: a case for psychology intervention. In: Pargman D, ed. Psychological bases of sport injuries. 2007.p.25–38.
  • 8. Andersen MB, Williams JM. A model of stress and athletic injury: Prediction and prevention. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1988;10:294-306.
  • 9. Williams JM, Andersen MB. Psychological Antecedents of Sport Injury: Review and Critique of the Stress and Injury Model. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1998;10(1):5-25.
  • 10. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Werner J, Ekstrand J. The epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament injury in football (soccer): a review of the literature from a gender-related perspective. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:3–10.
  • 11. Lüthje P, Nurmi I, Kataja M, Belt E, Helenius P, Kaukonen JP, et al. Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in elite soccer: A prospective study in Finland. Scand J Med and Sci Sport. 1996;6:180–5.
  • 12. Ristolainen L, Heinonen A, Waller B, Kujala UM, Kettunen JA. Gender differences in sport injury risk and types of injuries: a retrospective twelve-month study on cross country skiers, swimmers, long distance runners and soccer players. J Sports Sci Med. 2009;8:443–51.
  • 13. Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football – the UEFA injury study. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(7):553-8.
  • 14. Walden M, Hagglund M, Ekstrand J. UEFA champions league study: a prospective study of injuries in professional football during the 2001–2002 season. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:542–6.
  • 15. Johnson U, Ivarsson A. Psychological predictors of sport injuries among junior soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:129–36.
  • 16. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
  • 17. Öner N, Le Compte A. Süreksiz durumluk /sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. 1.Basım. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi. 1983;1-3.
  • 18. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52:30-41.
  • 19. Eker D, Arkar H. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlilik ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikologlar Dergisi. 1995;10(34):45-55.
  • 20. Smith RE, Schutz RW, Smoll FL, Ptacek JT. Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1995;17(4):379-98.
  • 21. Erhan SE, Bedir D, Güler MŞ, Ağduman F.. Sporcuların Psikolojik Becerilerini Değerlendirme Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlilik Güvenirlik Çalışması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;17(1):59-71.
  • 22. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:193–201.
  • 23. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Bahr R, Ekstrand J. Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:340–6..
  • 24. Maddison R, Prapavessis H. A psychological approach to the prediction and prevention f athletic injury. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005;27:289-310.
  • 25. Ivarsson A, Johnson U, Podlog L. Psychological predictors of injury occurrence: a prospective investigation of professional Swedish soccer players. J Sport Rehabil. 2013;22(1):19-26.
  • 26. Lavallee L, Flint F. The relationship of stress, competitive anxiety, mood state, and social support to athletic injury. J Athl Train. 1996;31:296–9.
  • 27. Andersen MB. Psychosocial factors and changes in peripheral vision, muscle tension, and fine motor skills during stress. Diss Abstr Int. 1989;49(10-B):4580.
  • 28. Rogers TM, Landers DM. Mediating effects of peripheral vision in the life event stress/athletic injury relationship. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005;27:271–88.
  • 29. Hanson SJ, McCullagh P, Tonymon P. The relationship of personality characteristics, life stress, and coping resources to athletic injury. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1992;14:262-72.
  • 30. Lindwall M. Factorial validity and invariance testing of the Swedish Social Physique Anxiety Scale: Arguments for gender-specific scales. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2004;26:492-9.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Seçkin Şenışık 0000-0002-7806-9695

Ogün Köyağasıoğlu 0000-0003-3511-2750

Project Number -
Publication Date June 15, 2021
Submission Date October 14, 2020
Acceptance Date November 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 28 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Şenışık S, Köyağasıoğlu O. THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON INJURIES IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS. Med J SDU. 2021;28(2):323-31.

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