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Etlik Piliçlerde Kesim Öncesi Yem Çekim Periyodunun ve İçme Suyuna Organik Asit İlavesinin Kesim Randımanı, Et Kalitesi, Bağırsak Mikroflorası ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2020, The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University Special Issue 2020, 131 - 142, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.826655

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kesim öncesi 6 ve 12 s’lik açlık periyodu boyunca içme suyuna ticari organik asit karışımı (OAK) ilavesinin erkek piliçlerin kesim özellikleri, et kalitesi, bazı kan parametreleri ve ince bağırsak Salmonella spp. ve Coliform popülasyonları üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 42 günlük yaşta 28 adet erkek etlik piliç (Ross-308) kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar rastgele 4 muamale grubuna ayrılmıştır. Bunlar; K 6 s: piliçlere 6 s’lik açlık periyodunda içme suyu verilmiştir, K 12 s: piliçlere 12 s’lik açlık periyodunda içme suyu verilmiştir, OAK 6 s: piliçlere 6 s’lik açlık periyodunda OAK ilaveli içme suyu verilmiştir ve OAK 12 s: piliçlere 12 s’lik açlık periyodunda OAK ilaveli içme suyu verilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kesim öncesi açlık periyodunun 6 s’ten 12 s’e uzatılması karkas randımanını, T3 düzeyini, bezel mide ve taşlık pH’larını azaltmış, buna karşın bağırsak Coliform bakteri sayısını arttırmıştır (P<0,05). Erkek piliçlerde, kesim öncesi farklı açlık periyodlarında suya OAK ilavesi karkas, göğüs ve but ağırlıkları ile karkas ve göğüs randımnalarını olumsuz etkilemiş, buna karşın taşlık oransal değerini ve serum glukoz düzeyini artırmıştır (P<0,05).
Sonuç: Kesim öncesi açlık süresi uzadıkça içme suyana OAK ilavesi bağırsak Coliform popülasyonunu arttırmıştır. 

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References

  • Abdullah, F.K., A.Y. Al-Nasser, S.F. Al-Zenki, A.E. Al-Saffar, M.E. Al-Bahouh and Mashaly, M., 2012, Effect of Adding Various Organic Acids During the Feed Withdrawal Period on Salmonella Reduction in Broilers, International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (7): 482-487pp.
  • Açıkgöz, Z., H. Bayraktar and Ö. Altan. 2011. Effects of formic acid administration in the drinking water on performance, intestinal microflora and carcass contamination in male broilers under high ambient temperature. Asian-Australasian Journal Of Animal Sciences, 24(1):96-102.
  • Alperden, İ., 1993, Et ve su ürünleri mikrobiyolojisi, gıda sanayinde mikrobiyoloji ve uygulamaları, Marmara Araştırma Merkezi, Gıda ve Soğutma Teknolojileri Bölümü, 101–102s, Tübitak, Kocaeli.
  • Alzawqari, M.H., H. Kermanshahi, H.N. Moghaddam, M.H. Tawassoli and A. Gilani. 2013. Alteration of gut microflora through citric acid treated drinking water in preslaughter male broilers. african journal of microbiology research, 7(7):564-567pp.
  • Anonim. 2008. European food safety authority, over view of methods for source attribution for human illness from food borne microbiological hazards. Scientificopinion Of The Panel On Biological Hazards, EFSA J, 74:1-43.
  • Arslan, A. 2002. Et muayenesi ve et ürünleri teknolojisi. Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, Türkiye.
  • Avila, L.A.F. De, V.P.Do, Nascimento, C.W. Canal, C.T.P. Salle and H.L. De S. Moraes. 2003, Effect of acidified drinking water on the recovery of salmonella enteritidis from broiler crops. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 5(3):183-188.
  • Byrd, J.A., B.M. Hargis, D.J. Caldwell, R.H. Bailey, K.L. Herron, J.L. McReynolds, R.L. Brewer, R.C. Anderson, K.M. Bischoff, T.R. Callaway and L.F. Kubena. 2001. Effect of lactic acid administration ın the drinking water during preslaughter feed withdrawal on salmonella and campylobacter contamination of broilers. Poultry Science, 80:278-283.
  • Clark, D.P. and J.E. Cronan. 2005. Two-carbon compounds and fatty acids as carbon and molecular. Biology Web ed. (2005). Available online at: http://www.ecosal.org/ecosal/index.jsp (Accessed April 17, 2018).
  • Contreras-Castillo, C., A.A. Pinto, G.L. Souza, N.J. Beraquet, A.P. Aguiar, K.M.V.A.B. Cipolli, C.M.I. Mendes and E. M. Ortega. 2007. Effects of feed withdrawal periods on carcass yield and breast meat quality of chickens reared using an alternative system. Journal Applied Poultry Research, 16:613–622.
  • Cornelison, J., M. Wilson and S. Watkins. 2005. Effects of water acidification on turkey performance. Avian Advice, 7(2):1-3. Conner, D. and J. Kotrola 1995. Growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under acidic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol. (1995) 61:382-385.
  • Corrier, D.E., J.A. Byrd, B.M. Hargis, M.E. Hume, R.H. Bailey and L.H. Stanker. 1999a. Survival of Salmonella ın the crop contents of market-age broilers during feed withdrawal. avian diseases, 43:453-460.
  • Corrier, D.E., J.A. Byrd, B.M. Hargis, M.E. Hume, R.H. Bailey and L.H. Stanker. 1999b, Presence of Salmonella ın the crop and ceca of broiler chickens before and after preslaughter feed withdrawal. Poultry Science, 78:45-49.
  • Dhawale, A. 2005. Better eggshell quality with a gut acidifier. Poultry International, 44:18-21.
  • Diez-Gonzalez, F. and J.B. Russell. 1999. Factors affecting the extreme acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Microbiology,16:367–74.
  • Durant, J.A., D.E. Corrier, J.A. Byrd, L.H. Stanker and S.C. Ricke. 1999. Feed deprivation affects crop environment and modulates Salmonella Enteritidis colonization and invasion of leghorn hens. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, 65:1919-1923.
  • Durant, J.A., D.E. Corrier, L.H. Stanker and S.C. Ricke. 2000. Expression of the hilA Salmonella Typhimurium gene in a poultry Salm. Enteritidis isolate in response to lactate and nutrients. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 89:63–69.
  • Farhat, A., M.E. Edward, M.H. Costell, J.A. Hadley, P.N. Walker and R. Vasilatos-Younken. 2002. A low residue nutritive supplement as an alternative to feed withdrawal in broilers: efficacy for gastrointestinal tract emptying and maintenance of live weight prior to slaughter. Poultry Science, 81:1406–1414.
  • Greig, J.D. and A. Ravel. 2009, Analysis of food borne out break data reported internationally for source attribution. International Journal Food Microbiology, 30:77-87.
  • Hinton, A.J., R.J. Buhr and K.D. Ingram.2000. Physical, chemical, and microbiological changes ın the crop of broiler chickens subjected to incremental feed withdrawal. Poultry Science 79:212–218.
  • Jakubowska, M., J. Gardzielewska, T. Karamucki, A. Rybarczyk and P. Matusevicius., 2014, The effect of the lactic acid addition to drinking water on the hygiene and quality of chicken broiler meat, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 13(4):45-54.
  • Khan, S.H. and J. Iqbal. 2016. Recent advances ın the role of organic acids ın poultry. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1):359-369.
  • Kim, D.H., Y.M. Yoo, S.H. Kim, B.G. Jang, B.Y. Park, S.H. Cho, P.N. Seong, K.H. Hah, J.M. Lee, Y.K. Kim and I.H. Hwang. 2007. Effect of the length of feed withdrawal on weight loss, yield and meat color of broiler. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(1):106-111.
  • Knowles, T.G., P.D. Warriss, S.N. Brown, J.E. Edwards and M.A. Mitchell. 1995. Responses of broilers to deprivation of food and water for 24 hours. British Veterinary Journal, 151:197–202.
  • Kohosravinia, H. and M. Darvishnia. 2014. Effects of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal on live weight loss, bacterial population and ph of crop, carcass water uptake and dressing percentage in broiler chicken. Journal Of Animal Science Research, 24(1):23-24.
  • Lin, H., E. Decuypere and J. Buyse. 2004. Oxidative stress ınduced by corticosterone administration ın broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) 2. Short-term effect. comparative biochemistry and physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 139:745–751.
  • Mansfield, L.P. and S.J. Forsythe. 2000. Detection of Salmonella in food. Medical Microbiology, 11(1):37-46.
  • Menconi, A., V.A. Kuttappan, X. Hernandez-Velasco, T. Urbano and F. Matté. 2014. Evaluation of a commercially available organic acid product on body weight loss, carcass yield, and meat quality during preslaughter feed withdrawal in broiler chickens, A Poultry Welfare And Economic Perspective. Poultry. Science, 93: 448-455.
  • Nijdam, E., E. Delezie, E. Lambooij, M.J.A. Nabuurs, E. Decuypere and J.A. Stegeman. 2005. Feed withdrawal of broilers before transport changes plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. Poultry. Science, 84:1146–1152.
  • Nijdam, E., E. Lambooij, M. J. A. Nabuurs, E. Decuypere and J.A. Stegeman. 2006. Influences of feeding conventional and semisynthetic diets and transport of broilers on weight gain, digestive tract mass, and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. Poultry Science 85:1652–1659.
  • Northcutt, J.K. 2010. Factor influencing optimal feed withdrawal duration. Bulltein 1187.
  • Nunes, F. 2005. Feed withdrawal to reduce carcass contamination. World Poultry, 21(1):36-38.
  • Paul, S.K., G. Halder, M.K. Mondal and G. Samanta. 2007. Effect of organic acid salt on the performance and gut health of broiler chicken. The Journal of Poultry Science 44 (4): 389-395.
  • Pereira, R.E.P., M.R.F.B. Martins, A.A. Mendes, P.A.Z. I.C.L. Almeida, C.M. Komiyama, E.L. Milbradt and B.C. da S. Fernandes. 2013. Effects of pre-slaughter fasting on broiler welfare, meat quality, and intestinal integrity. Brazilian Journal Of Poultry Science, 15(2):119-122.
  • Rathgeber, B.M., J.L. MacIsaac and M.E. MacKenzie. 2007. Feeding turkeys a highly digestible supplement during preslaughter feed withdrawal. Poultry Science, 86:2029–2033.
  • Ricke, S.C. 2003. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult Science, 82:632-639. doi: 10.1093/ps/82.4.632.
  • SAS Institute, 2007, JMP user guide, release 7. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
  • Scott, T.R., D.G. Satterlee and L.A. Jacobs-Perry. 1983. Circulating corticosterone responses of feed and water deprived broilers and japanese quail. Poultry Science. 62:290–297.
  • Şengör, E., M. Yardımcı, B. Sırıken, Z.A. Bozkurt, M. Tekerlü, B. Kenar and E.H. Şahin. 2006. Determination of optimum pre-slaughter feed withdrawal time in broiler chickens and its effect on meat yield, microbiological composition of gut content and microbiological quality of the carcass. Turkish Journal Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences, 30:561-569.
  • TS EN ISO 6579-1, International Standart, 2017-02 First Edition.
  • TS ISO 4832, International Standart 2018-03 Third Edition.
  • Van Der Wal, P.G., H.G.M. Reımert, H.A. Goedhart, B. Engel and T.G. Uıjttenboogaart. 1999. The effect of feed withdrawal on broiler blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acid levels, postmortem liver ph values, and carcass yield. Poultry Science, 78:569–573.
  • Watkins, S., J. Cornelison, C. Tillery, M. Wilson and R. Hubbard. 2004. Effects of water acidification on broiler performance. Avian Advice 6:4-6.
  • Wegener, W.S., H.C. Reeves, R. Rabin and S.J. Ajl. 1968. Alternate pathways of metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. Bacteriol Rev., 32:1–26.

The Effects of Pre-slaughter Feed Withdrawal Period and Organic Acid Supplementation into Drinking Water on Slaughter Yield, Meat Quality, Intestinal Microflora and Some Blood Traits in Broiler

Year 2020, The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University Special Issue 2020, 131 - 142, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.826655

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it was investigated the effects of commercial organic acid mixture supplementation (OAM) into drinking water during the 6 and 12 h pre-slaughter fasting period on slaughter traits, meat quality, some blood parameters and small intestine Salmonella spp. and Coliform populations of male broilers.
Material and Methods: In the study, 28 male broilers (Ross-308) at 42 days of age were used. Animals were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. These are follows; C 6 h: birds were given drinking water during the 6 h fasting period, C 12 h: birds were given drinking water during the 12 h fasting period, OAM 6 h: birds were given drinking water with OAM during the 6 h fasting period, and OAM 12 h: birds were given drinking water with OAM during the 12 h fasting period.
Results:The extension of the pre-slaughter fasting period from 6 h to 12 h decreased carcass yield, T3 level and the pH values of proventriculus and gizzard, but increased intestinal Coliform bacteria count (p<0,05). In male broilers, OAM supplementation into the drinking water during different pre-slaughter fasting periods adversely affected carcass, breast and thigh weights and carcass and breast yields, yet increased the gizzard proportional value and serum glucose level (p<0,05).
Conclusion: As the pre-slaughter fasting period extends, the addition of OAM to the drinking water increased the intestinal Coliform population.

Project Number

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References

  • Abdullah, F.K., A.Y. Al-Nasser, S.F. Al-Zenki, A.E. Al-Saffar, M.E. Al-Bahouh and Mashaly, M., 2012, Effect of Adding Various Organic Acids During the Feed Withdrawal Period on Salmonella Reduction in Broilers, International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (7): 482-487pp.
  • Açıkgöz, Z., H. Bayraktar and Ö. Altan. 2011. Effects of formic acid administration in the drinking water on performance, intestinal microflora and carcass contamination in male broilers under high ambient temperature. Asian-Australasian Journal Of Animal Sciences, 24(1):96-102.
  • Alperden, İ., 1993, Et ve su ürünleri mikrobiyolojisi, gıda sanayinde mikrobiyoloji ve uygulamaları, Marmara Araştırma Merkezi, Gıda ve Soğutma Teknolojileri Bölümü, 101–102s, Tübitak, Kocaeli.
  • Alzawqari, M.H., H. Kermanshahi, H.N. Moghaddam, M.H. Tawassoli and A. Gilani. 2013. Alteration of gut microflora through citric acid treated drinking water in preslaughter male broilers. african journal of microbiology research, 7(7):564-567pp.
  • Anonim. 2008. European food safety authority, over view of methods for source attribution for human illness from food borne microbiological hazards. Scientificopinion Of The Panel On Biological Hazards, EFSA J, 74:1-43.
  • Arslan, A. 2002. Et muayenesi ve et ürünleri teknolojisi. Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, Türkiye.
  • Avila, L.A.F. De, V.P.Do, Nascimento, C.W. Canal, C.T.P. Salle and H.L. De S. Moraes. 2003, Effect of acidified drinking water on the recovery of salmonella enteritidis from broiler crops. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 5(3):183-188.
  • Byrd, J.A., B.M. Hargis, D.J. Caldwell, R.H. Bailey, K.L. Herron, J.L. McReynolds, R.L. Brewer, R.C. Anderson, K.M. Bischoff, T.R. Callaway and L.F. Kubena. 2001. Effect of lactic acid administration ın the drinking water during preslaughter feed withdrawal on salmonella and campylobacter contamination of broilers. Poultry Science, 80:278-283.
  • Clark, D.P. and J.E. Cronan. 2005. Two-carbon compounds and fatty acids as carbon and molecular. Biology Web ed. (2005). Available online at: http://www.ecosal.org/ecosal/index.jsp (Accessed April 17, 2018).
  • Contreras-Castillo, C., A.A. Pinto, G.L. Souza, N.J. Beraquet, A.P. Aguiar, K.M.V.A.B. Cipolli, C.M.I. Mendes and E. M. Ortega. 2007. Effects of feed withdrawal periods on carcass yield and breast meat quality of chickens reared using an alternative system. Journal Applied Poultry Research, 16:613–622.
  • Cornelison, J., M. Wilson and S. Watkins. 2005. Effects of water acidification on turkey performance. Avian Advice, 7(2):1-3. Conner, D. and J. Kotrola 1995. Growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under acidic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol. (1995) 61:382-385.
  • Corrier, D.E., J.A. Byrd, B.M. Hargis, M.E. Hume, R.H. Bailey and L.H. Stanker. 1999a. Survival of Salmonella ın the crop contents of market-age broilers during feed withdrawal. avian diseases, 43:453-460.
  • Corrier, D.E., J.A. Byrd, B.M. Hargis, M.E. Hume, R.H. Bailey and L.H. Stanker. 1999b, Presence of Salmonella ın the crop and ceca of broiler chickens before and after preslaughter feed withdrawal. Poultry Science, 78:45-49.
  • Dhawale, A. 2005. Better eggshell quality with a gut acidifier. Poultry International, 44:18-21.
  • Diez-Gonzalez, F. and J.B. Russell. 1999. Factors affecting the extreme acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Microbiology,16:367–74.
  • Durant, J.A., D.E. Corrier, J.A. Byrd, L.H. Stanker and S.C. Ricke. 1999. Feed deprivation affects crop environment and modulates Salmonella Enteritidis colonization and invasion of leghorn hens. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, 65:1919-1923.
  • Durant, J.A., D.E. Corrier, L.H. Stanker and S.C. Ricke. 2000. Expression of the hilA Salmonella Typhimurium gene in a poultry Salm. Enteritidis isolate in response to lactate and nutrients. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 89:63–69.
  • Farhat, A., M.E. Edward, M.H. Costell, J.A. Hadley, P.N. Walker and R. Vasilatos-Younken. 2002. A low residue nutritive supplement as an alternative to feed withdrawal in broilers: efficacy for gastrointestinal tract emptying and maintenance of live weight prior to slaughter. Poultry Science, 81:1406–1414.
  • Greig, J.D. and A. Ravel. 2009, Analysis of food borne out break data reported internationally for source attribution. International Journal Food Microbiology, 30:77-87.
  • Hinton, A.J., R.J. Buhr and K.D. Ingram.2000. Physical, chemical, and microbiological changes ın the crop of broiler chickens subjected to incremental feed withdrawal. Poultry Science 79:212–218.
  • Jakubowska, M., J. Gardzielewska, T. Karamucki, A. Rybarczyk and P. Matusevicius., 2014, The effect of the lactic acid addition to drinking water on the hygiene and quality of chicken broiler meat, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 13(4):45-54.
  • Khan, S.H. and J. Iqbal. 2016. Recent advances ın the role of organic acids ın poultry. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1):359-369.
  • Kim, D.H., Y.M. Yoo, S.H. Kim, B.G. Jang, B.Y. Park, S.H. Cho, P.N. Seong, K.H. Hah, J.M. Lee, Y.K. Kim and I.H. Hwang. 2007. Effect of the length of feed withdrawal on weight loss, yield and meat color of broiler. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(1):106-111.
  • Knowles, T.G., P.D. Warriss, S.N. Brown, J.E. Edwards and M.A. Mitchell. 1995. Responses of broilers to deprivation of food and water for 24 hours. British Veterinary Journal, 151:197–202.
  • Kohosravinia, H. and M. Darvishnia. 2014. Effects of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal on live weight loss, bacterial population and ph of crop, carcass water uptake and dressing percentage in broiler chicken. Journal Of Animal Science Research, 24(1):23-24.
  • Lin, H., E. Decuypere and J. Buyse. 2004. Oxidative stress ınduced by corticosterone administration ın broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) 2. Short-term effect. comparative biochemistry and physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 139:745–751.
  • Mansfield, L.P. and S.J. Forsythe. 2000. Detection of Salmonella in food. Medical Microbiology, 11(1):37-46.
  • Menconi, A., V.A. Kuttappan, X. Hernandez-Velasco, T. Urbano and F. Matté. 2014. Evaluation of a commercially available organic acid product on body weight loss, carcass yield, and meat quality during preslaughter feed withdrawal in broiler chickens, A Poultry Welfare And Economic Perspective. Poultry. Science, 93: 448-455.
  • Nijdam, E., E. Delezie, E. Lambooij, M.J.A. Nabuurs, E. Decuypere and J.A. Stegeman. 2005. Feed withdrawal of broilers before transport changes plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. Poultry. Science, 84:1146–1152.
  • Nijdam, E., E. Lambooij, M. J. A. Nabuurs, E. Decuypere and J.A. Stegeman. 2006. Influences of feeding conventional and semisynthetic diets and transport of broilers on weight gain, digestive tract mass, and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. Poultry Science 85:1652–1659.
  • Northcutt, J.K. 2010. Factor influencing optimal feed withdrawal duration. Bulltein 1187.
  • Nunes, F. 2005. Feed withdrawal to reduce carcass contamination. World Poultry, 21(1):36-38.
  • Paul, S.K., G. Halder, M.K. Mondal and G. Samanta. 2007. Effect of organic acid salt on the performance and gut health of broiler chicken. The Journal of Poultry Science 44 (4): 389-395.
  • Pereira, R.E.P., M.R.F.B. Martins, A.A. Mendes, P.A.Z. I.C.L. Almeida, C.M. Komiyama, E.L. Milbradt and B.C. da S. Fernandes. 2013. Effects of pre-slaughter fasting on broiler welfare, meat quality, and intestinal integrity. Brazilian Journal Of Poultry Science, 15(2):119-122.
  • Rathgeber, B.M., J.L. MacIsaac and M.E. MacKenzie. 2007. Feeding turkeys a highly digestible supplement during preslaughter feed withdrawal. Poultry Science, 86:2029–2033.
  • Ricke, S.C. 2003. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult Science, 82:632-639. doi: 10.1093/ps/82.4.632.
  • SAS Institute, 2007, JMP user guide, release 7. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
  • Scott, T.R., D.G. Satterlee and L.A. Jacobs-Perry. 1983. Circulating corticosterone responses of feed and water deprived broilers and japanese quail. Poultry Science. 62:290–297.
  • Şengör, E., M. Yardımcı, B. Sırıken, Z.A. Bozkurt, M. Tekerlü, B. Kenar and E.H. Şahin. 2006. Determination of optimum pre-slaughter feed withdrawal time in broiler chickens and its effect on meat yield, microbiological composition of gut content and microbiological quality of the carcass. Turkish Journal Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences, 30:561-569.
  • TS EN ISO 6579-1, International Standart, 2017-02 First Edition.
  • TS ISO 4832, International Standart 2018-03 Third Edition.
  • Van Der Wal, P.G., H.G.M. Reımert, H.A. Goedhart, B. Engel and T.G. Uıjttenboogaart. 1999. The effect of feed withdrawal on broiler blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acid levels, postmortem liver ph values, and carcass yield. Poultry Science, 78:569–573.
  • Watkins, S., J. Cornelison, C. Tillery, M. Wilson and R. Hubbard. 2004. Effects of water acidification on broiler performance. Avian Advice 6:4-6.
  • Wegener, W.S., H.C. Reeves, R. Rabin and S.J. Ajl. 1968. Alternate pathways of metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. Bacteriol Rev., 32:1–26.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hasan Kayan This is me 0000-0002-4668-7851

Zümrüt Açıkgöz 0000-0001-5517-4153

Project Number --
Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date December 4, 2020
Acceptance Date December 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University Special Issue 2020

Cite

APA Kayan, H., & Açıkgöz, Z. (2020). Etlik Piliçlerde Kesim Öncesi Yem Çekim Periyodunun ve İçme Suyuna Organik Asit İlavesinin Kesim Randımanı, Et Kalitesi, Bağırsak Mikroflorası ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University131-142. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.826655

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