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Mısır'da Otoriter Rejimin Sürekliliği ve Ordu:"Arap Baharı" ve Sonrası Sürecin Analizi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 36, 18.04.2016

Öz

Mısır otoriter rejiminde ordu kurucu bir role sahiptir. Bununla birlikte tarihsel süreç içinde kazandığı siyasal pozisyon ve ekonomik gücü sayesinde sistem içinde gittikçe özerkleşen bir pozisyona evirilmiştir. Rejim, ordu ile cumhurbaşkanı arasındaki güçlü koalisyonla varlığını sürdüre gelmiştir. 25 Ocak 2011’de başlayan ayaklanma sürecinde sona eren bu koalisyon, Mübarek iktidarının yıkılmasının temel nedeni olmuştur. Ayaklanma sürecinin başlangıcında kararsız ve tutarsız görünen ordu, Mısır siyaseti ve ekonomisindeki imtiyazlı konumunu sürdürecek kontrollü bir geçişin önünü açmıştır. Bu anlamda Mübarek’in devrilişine göz yummak ile 3 Temmuz askeri darbesi aynı stratejinin parçalarıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Adam Przeworski (1991), Democracy and the Market; Political and Eco- nomic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Adrian Karatnycky (2002), “Muslim Countries and the Democracy Gap”, Journal of Democracy, Volume 13, Number 1, January 2002, 99- 112.
  • Alfred C. Stepan, ve Graeme B. Robertson (2003), “An ‘Arab’ more than ‘Muslim’ Electoral Gap”, Journal of Democracy 14:3, 29-44.
  • Alfred C. Stepan, ve Graeme B. Robertson (2004), Arab, Not Muslim, Exceptionalism, Journal of Democracy, Volume 15, Number 4, October 2004, 140-146.
  • Ammar Ali Hassan (1994), “The performance of the Islamic Alliance in the People’s Assembly,” [(Eds.) Muhammad S. Kharboosh, Po- litical Evolution in Egypt 1982-1992, Cairo: Center for Political Research and Studies, 133-160.
  • Amos Perlmutter, “The Praetorian State and the Praetorian Army: Toward a Taxonomy of Civil-Military Relations in Developing Polities”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Apr., 1969), 382-404.
  • Anouar Abdel-Malek (1967), “The Crisis in Nasser’s Egypt”, New Left Review, I/45, September–October, 67-81.
  • Asef Bayat (1998), “Revolution without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1998, 40: 136-169.
  • Ashraf Swelam (2011), “Egypt’s 2010 Parliamentary Elections: The Lan- dslide, Egypt’s Internatıonal Economıc Forum, Occasional Pa- pers 2: January 2011
  • Atef Said, “The Paradox of Transition to “Democracy” under Military Rule”, Social Research, Vol.79: No:2. Summer 2012, 397- 434.
  • Bahgat Korany, “Arab Democratization: A Poor Cousin?”, Political Scien- ce and Politics, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), 27, 511-513.
  • Bayram Sinkaya, “Devrimci Ordu ve Siyaset: İslam Devrimi Muhafızları Ordusu Örneği”, Ortadoğu Etütleri, Temmuz 2011, Cilt 3, Sayı 1, 123-155.
  • Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ve Alastair Smith (2012), The Dictator’s Hand- book: Why Bad Behavior is Almost Good Politics, Newyork: Public Affairs.
  • Can Acun, (2013), “Mısır Ordusunun İktisadi Krallığı”, http://odak.setav. org/page/misir-ordusunun-iktisadi-kralligi/5683.
  • Charlie Beckett (2011), “After Tunisia And Egypt: Towards A New Typol- ogy Of Media And Networked Political Change”, http://blogs. lse.ac.uk/polis/2011/02/11/after-tunisia-and-egypt-towards- a-new-typology-of-media-and-networked-political-change/. (Erişim Tarihi: 25 January 2012).
  • Contemporary Politics, Vol. 17, No. 4, December 2011, 373–391.
  • Daniel Brinks and Michael Coedge, (2006), “Diffusion Is No Illusion: Ne- ighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy”, Comparati- ve Political Studies, May 2006 vol. 39, no. 4, 463-489.
  • Denis Sullivan, and Abed-Kotob Sana (1999), Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society vs. the State, London: Lynne Rienner Pub- lisher.
  • Derek Hopwood (1993), Egypt: Politics and Society, 1945-1990, London: Routledge.
  • “Egyptian generals speak about revolution, elections,” Washington Post, May 18, 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ middle-east/egyptian-generals-speak-about-revolution-elec- tions/2011/05/16/AF7AiU6G_story.html 20.05.2011). (Erişim Tarihi:
  • Elie Kedourie, (1994), Democracy and Arab Culture, London: Frank Cass.
  • Eliezer Beeri (1969), Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society, New York: Praeger,1970.
  • Ellen Lust (2011), “Missing the Third Wave: Islam, Institutions and De- mocracy in the Middle East”, St Comp Int Dev, (2011) 46, 163– 190.
  • Ellen Okar (2004), “The Management and Manipulation of Political Opposi- tion”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Jan., 2004), 159-179.
  • Eva Bellin (2004), “The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 36, No. 2, 139-157.
  • Eva Bellin (2012), Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East, Lessons from the Arab Spring, Comparative Politics, January, 2012, .127-149.
  • Ha-Joon Chang (2003), Kalkınma Reçetelerinin Gerçek Yüzü, İstanbul:
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 36, 18.04.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adam Przeworski (1991), Democracy and the Market; Political and Eco- nomic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Adrian Karatnycky (2002), “Muslim Countries and the Democracy Gap”, Journal of Democracy, Volume 13, Number 1, January 2002, 99- 112.
  • Alfred C. Stepan, ve Graeme B. Robertson (2003), “An ‘Arab’ more than ‘Muslim’ Electoral Gap”, Journal of Democracy 14:3, 29-44.
  • Alfred C. Stepan, ve Graeme B. Robertson (2004), Arab, Not Muslim, Exceptionalism, Journal of Democracy, Volume 15, Number 4, October 2004, 140-146.
  • Ammar Ali Hassan (1994), “The performance of the Islamic Alliance in the People’s Assembly,” [(Eds.) Muhammad S. Kharboosh, Po- litical Evolution in Egypt 1982-1992, Cairo: Center for Political Research and Studies, 133-160.
  • Amos Perlmutter, “The Praetorian State and the Praetorian Army: Toward a Taxonomy of Civil-Military Relations in Developing Polities”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Apr., 1969), 382-404.
  • Anouar Abdel-Malek (1967), “The Crisis in Nasser’s Egypt”, New Left Review, I/45, September–October, 67-81.
  • Asef Bayat (1998), “Revolution without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1998, 40: 136-169.
  • Ashraf Swelam (2011), “Egypt’s 2010 Parliamentary Elections: The Lan- dslide, Egypt’s Internatıonal Economıc Forum, Occasional Pa- pers 2: January 2011
  • Atef Said, “The Paradox of Transition to “Democracy” under Military Rule”, Social Research, Vol.79: No:2. Summer 2012, 397- 434.
  • Bahgat Korany, “Arab Democratization: A Poor Cousin?”, Political Scien- ce and Politics, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), 27, 511-513.
  • Bayram Sinkaya, “Devrimci Ordu ve Siyaset: İslam Devrimi Muhafızları Ordusu Örneği”, Ortadoğu Etütleri, Temmuz 2011, Cilt 3, Sayı 1, 123-155.
  • Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ve Alastair Smith (2012), The Dictator’s Hand- book: Why Bad Behavior is Almost Good Politics, Newyork: Public Affairs.
  • Can Acun, (2013), “Mısır Ordusunun İktisadi Krallığı”, http://odak.setav. org/page/misir-ordusunun-iktisadi-kralligi/5683.
  • Charlie Beckett (2011), “After Tunisia And Egypt: Towards A New Typol- ogy Of Media And Networked Political Change”, http://blogs. lse.ac.uk/polis/2011/02/11/after-tunisia-and-egypt-towards- a-new-typology-of-media-and-networked-political-change/. (Erişim Tarihi: 25 January 2012).
  • Contemporary Politics, Vol. 17, No. 4, December 2011, 373–391.
  • Daniel Brinks and Michael Coedge, (2006), “Diffusion Is No Illusion: Ne- ighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy”, Comparati- ve Political Studies, May 2006 vol. 39, no. 4, 463-489.
  • Denis Sullivan, and Abed-Kotob Sana (1999), Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society vs. the State, London: Lynne Rienner Pub- lisher.
  • Derek Hopwood (1993), Egypt: Politics and Society, 1945-1990, London: Routledge.
  • “Egyptian generals speak about revolution, elections,” Washington Post, May 18, 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ middle-east/egyptian-generals-speak-about-revolution-elec- tions/2011/05/16/AF7AiU6G_story.html 20.05.2011). (Erişim Tarihi:
  • Elie Kedourie, (1994), Democracy and Arab Culture, London: Frank Cass.
  • Eliezer Beeri (1969), Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society, New York: Praeger,1970.
  • Ellen Lust (2011), “Missing the Third Wave: Islam, Institutions and De- mocracy in the Middle East”, St Comp Int Dev, (2011) 46, 163– 190.
  • Ellen Okar (2004), “The Management and Manipulation of Political Opposi- tion”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Jan., 2004), 159-179.
  • Eva Bellin (2004), “The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 36, No. 2, 139-157.
  • Eva Bellin (2012), Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East, Lessons from the Arab Spring, Comparative Politics, January, 2012, .127-149.
  • Ha-Joon Chang (2003), Kalkınma Reçetelerinin Gerçek Yüzü, İstanbul:
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Edip Bekaroğlu

Veysel Kurt

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Nisan 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bekaroğlu, E., & Kurt, V. (2016). Mısır’da Otoriter Rejimin Sürekliliği ve Ordu:"Arap Baharı" ve Sonrası Sürecin Analizi. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 1-36.

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