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On The Origins of the Turkic 3sg Possessive Suffix and the pronominal /N/

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 64, 47 - 69, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.14222/Turkiyat4038

Öz

Since the earliest written records of Turkic, when the 3sg possessive suffix is attached with an inflectional or derivational suffix, the so-called pronominal /n/ appears between these two suffixes. In Turkic, a similar /n/ sound is also observed in inflected forms of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The recent studies have shown that in few instances the pronominal /n/ also appears in the nominative case. The purpose of this study is to investigate the origins of the 3sg possessive suffix and the pronominal /n/ based on these findings. First of all, the origins of Turkic possessive suffixes has been questioned and it is revealed that these suffixes are formed through the suffixation of the personal pronouns attached with *+(X)n, which had the function of a genitive in Proto-Turkic. Then, the possible influence of the possessive prefixes in the Yeniseian languages on the historical development of the 2sg possessive suffix is emphasized. It is concluded that the pronominal /n/ is the archaic genitive suffix *+(X)n attached to the 3sg possessive suffix. The same suffix evolved to the instrumental suffix on nouns and to the accusative suffix on possessive suffixes in Old Turkic. The unstable consonant of the Old Turkic genitive suffix +(n)Xŋ is a relic of the same suffix as well.

Kaynakça

  • Abondolo, Daniel (1998). “Introduction”. The Uralic Languages. (Edited by Daniel Abondolo), London-New York: Routledge, 1-42. Alyılmaz, Cengiz (1999). “Zamir N’si Eski Bir İyelik Ekinin Kalıntısı Olabilir Mi?”. Türk Gramerinin Sorunları II, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 403-415. Aşmarin, N. İ. (1898). Materialı dlya izsledovaniya çuvaşskago yazıka. Kazan: Tipo-litografiya İmperatorskago Universiteta. Baskakov, N. A. (1975). “On the Common Origin of the Categories of Person and Personal Possession in the Altaic Languages”. Researches in Altaic Languages: Papers Read at the 14th Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference Held in Szeged, August 22-28, 1971. Budapest: Akadémia Kiadó, 7-13. Başdaş, Cahit (2008). “Türkçede İyelik-Yükleme Sorunu Dede Korkut Örneği”. Turkish Studies, 3/1, 6-13. Başdaş, Cahit (2009). “Orhun Abidelerinde İyelik, Belirtme ve Yükleme Hâli”, Turkish Studies, 4/8, 623-643. Başdaş, Cahit (2014). “Türkçede Üçüncü Şahıs İyelik Eki ve Zamir N’si”, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 30, 147-161. Benzing, Johannes (1956). Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Jahrgang 1955, Nr. 11). Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. Berta, Árpád (2004). Szavaimat Jól Halljátok... A Türk és Ujgur Rovásírásos Emlékek Kritikai Kiadása. Szeged: Jate Press. Bläsing, Uwe (2003). “Kalmuck”. Mongolic Languages. (ed. Juha Janhunen) London-New York: Routledge, 229-247. Bulatova, Nadezhda ve Lenore Grenoble (1999). Evenki. Languages of the World/Materials 141, Lincom Europa. Choi, H. W. (1991). “Ana Altayca İyelik Zamiri *n”. Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, 191-196. Comrie, Bernard (1988). “General Features of the Uralic Languages”. The Uralic Languages. Description, History and Foreign Influences. (Ed. Denis Sinor), Leiden-New York-København-Köln: E. J. Brill, 451-477. ÇRS = Skvortsov, M. İ. (1982). Çuvaşsko-Russkiy Slovar’. Moskva. Doerfer, Gerhard (1976). “Proto-Turkic Reconstruction Problems”. Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı-Belleten, 1975-1976, 1-59. Doerfer, Gerhard (1992). “Zum sogenannten Akkusativ vor Postpositionen”. Altaic Religious Beliefs and Practices. Proceedings of the 33rd Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference Budapest June 24-29, 1990. (ed. Géza Bethlenfalvy, Ágnes Birtalan, Alice Sárközi, Judit Vinkovics), Budapest: Research Group for Altaic Studies, 97-101. Eckmann, János (1988). Çağatayca El Kitabı. (Çev. Günay Karaağaç) İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları. EDPT = Clauson, Sir G. (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Erdal, Marcel (1993). Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften. (Turcologica, 13), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Erdal, Marcel (1998). “Old Turkic”. Turkic Languages. (Ed. Lars Johanson & Eva Agnes Csató) London: Routledge, 138-157. Erdal, Marcel (2004). A Grammar of Old Turkic. Leiden-New York: Brill. Erdal, Marcel (2006). “The palatal glide in Oghuz Turkic and Western Iranian morphophonemics”. Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas, Historical and Linguistic Aspects. (ed. Lars Johanson, Christiane Bulut) Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 128-142. Gemalmaz, Efrasiyap (1996). “Türkçede İsim Tamlamalarının Derin Yapısı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4, 165-172. Georg, Stefan (2001). “Türkisch/mongolisch tengri ‘Himmel, Gott’ und seine Herkunft”. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, 6, 83-100. Georg, Stefan (2007). A Descriptive Grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak). Part 1: Introduction, Phonology, Morphology. (Languages of Asia Series, Volume 1) Folkestone: Global Oriental. Georg, Stefan (2008). “Yeniseic Languages and the Siberian Linguistic Area”. Evidence and Counter-Evidence: Essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt, Volume 2: General Linguistics. (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, Vol. 33) Amsterdam-New York: Rodopi, 151-168. Gorelova, Liliya M. (2002). Manchu Grammar. Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill. Gülsevin, Gürer (1990). “Eski Anadolu (Türkiye) Türkçesinde 3. Kişi İyelik Ekinin Özel Kullanılışı”. Türk Dili, 466, 187-190. Janhunen, Juha (2003). “Proto-Mongolic”. Mongolic Languages. (ed. Juha Janhunen) London-New York: Routledge, 1-29. Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). Mongolian. (London Oriental and African Language Library, v. 19) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Janhunen, Juha (2013). “Personal pronouns in Core Altaic”. Shared Grammaticalization: With special focus on the Transeurasian languages. (eds. M. Robbeets & H. Cuyckens). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 211-226. Janhunen, Juha (2016). “Towards Pre-Proto-Turkic: Issues of Definition and Terminology”. Eine hundertblättrige Tulpe – Bir ṣadbarg lāla. Festgabe für Claus Schönig. (Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Türkvölker, Band 22) (Hg. Ingeborg Hauenschild, Matthias Kappler, Barbara Kellner-Heinkele) Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 189-196. Kane, Daniel (2009). The Kitan Language and Script. Leiden-Boston: Brill. Kara, Mehmet (2012). Türkmen Türkçesi Grameri. İstanbul: Etkileşim Yayınları. Karahan, Leyla (1999). “Yükleme (Accusative) Ve İlgi (Genetive) Hali Ekleri Üzerine Bazı Düşünceler”. 3. Uluslararası Türk Dil Kurultayı 1996, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 605-611. Károly, László (2009). “Dominancy in Yakut an Historical Approach”. International Journal of Central Asian Studies, Festschrift To Commemorate the 80th Anniversary of Prof. Dr. Talat Tekin’s Birth, 13, 343-353. Kerimoğlu, Caner (2007). “Orhun Abidelerinde 3. Kişi İyelik Ekinden Sonra Yükleme Hâli eki Kullanıldı mı?”. Turkish Studies, 2/3, 322-331. KhM = Doerfer, Gerhard (1971). Khalaj Materials. 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  • İnternet kaynakları http://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/query.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 09.09.2018)

Türkçe Üçüncü Tekil Şahıs İyelik Ekinin ve Pronominal /N/ Sesinin Kökeni Üzerine

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 64, 47 - 69, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.14222/Turkiyat4038

Öz

Türkçenin en eski yazılı tanıklarından beri, üçüncü
tekil şahıs iyelik ekinin üzerine bir çekim veya türetme eki getirildiğinde bu
iki ek arasında “pronominal n” adı verilen bir /n/ sesi ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Türkçede benzer bir /n/ sesi, kişi ve işaret zamirlerinin çekimli şekillerinde
de görülür. Yakın zamandaki araştırmalar, pronominal /n/ sesinin bazı
örneklerde yalın hâlde de görüldüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu
bulgulara dayanarak üçüncü tekil şahıs iyelik ekinin ve pronominal /n/ sesinin
kökünü araştırmaktır. Öncelikle, Türkçe iyelik eklerinin kökeni sorgulanmış ve
bu eklerin Proto-Türkçede ilgi durumu eki görevinde olan *+(X)n ekini almış
kişi zamirlerinin ekleşmesiyle oluştuğu ortaya konmuştur. Ardından, ikinci
tekil şahıs iyelik ekinin tarihsel gelişiminde Yenisey dillerindeki iyelik ön
eklerinin olası etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Pronominal /n/ sesinin üçüncü
tekil şahıs iyelik ekine eklenmiş arkaik ilgi eki *+(X)n olduğu sonucuna
varılmıştır. Aynı ek, Eski Türkçede isimler üzerinde araç durum ekine, iyelik
ekleri üzerinde ise belirtme durumu ekine dönüşmüştür. Eski Türkçe +(n)Xŋ ilgi
ekinin yardımcı ünsüzü de aynı ekin kalıntısıdır. 

Kaynakça

  • Abondolo, Daniel (1998). “Introduction”. The Uralic Languages. (Edited by Daniel Abondolo), London-New York: Routledge, 1-42. Alyılmaz, Cengiz (1999). “Zamir N’si Eski Bir İyelik Ekinin Kalıntısı Olabilir Mi?”. Türk Gramerinin Sorunları II, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 403-415. Aşmarin, N. İ. (1898). Materialı dlya izsledovaniya çuvaşskago yazıka. Kazan: Tipo-litografiya İmperatorskago Universiteta. Baskakov, N. A. (1975). “On the Common Origin of the Categories of Person and Personal Possession in the Altaic Languages”. Researches in Altaic Languages: Papers Read at the 14th Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference Held in Szeged, August 22-28, 1971. Budapest: Akadémia Kiadó, 7-13. Başdaş, Cahit (2008). “Türkçede İyelik-Yükleme Sorunu Dede Korkut Örneği”. Turkish Studies, 3/1, 6-13. Başdaş, Cahit (2009). “Orhun Abidelerinde İyelik, Belirtme ve Yükleme Hâli”, Turkish Studies, 4/8, 623-643. Başdaş, Cahit (2014). “Türkçede Üçüncü Şahıs İyelik Eki ve Zamir N’si”, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 30, 147-161. Benzing, Johannes (1956). Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Jahrgang 1955, Nr. 11). Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. Berta, Árpád (2004). Szavaimat Jól Halljátok... A Türk és Ujgur Rovásírásos Emlékek Kritikai Kiadása. Szeged: Jate Press. Bläsing, Uwe (2003). “Kalmuck”. Mongolic Languages. (ed. Juha Janhunen) London-New York: Routledge, 229-247. Bulatova, Nadezhda ve Lenore Grenoble (1999). Evenki. Languages of the World/Materials 141, Lincom Europa. Choi, H. W. (1991). “Ana Altayca İyelik Zamiri *n”. Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, 191-196. Comrie, Bernard (1988). “General Features of the Uralic Languages”. The Uralic Languages. Description, History and Foreign Influences. (Ed. Denis Sinor), Leiden-New York-København-Köln: E. J. Brill, 451-477. ÇRS = Skvortsov, M. İ. (1982). Çuvaşsko-Russkiy Slovar’. Moskva. Doerfer, Gerhard (1976). “Proto-Turkic Reconstruction Problems”. Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı-Belleten, 1975-1976, 1-59. Doerfer, Gerhard (1992). “Zum sogenannten Akkusativ vor Postpositionen”. Altaic Religious Beliefs and Practices. Proceedings of the 33rd Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference Budapest June 24-29, 1990. (ed. Géza Bethlenfalvy, Ágnes Birtalan, Alice Sárközi, Judit Vinkovics), Budapest: Research Group for Altaic Studies, 97-101. Eckmann, János (1988). Çağatayca El Kitabı. (Çev. Günay Karaağaç) İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları. EDPT = Clauson, Sir G. (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Erdal, Marcel (1993). Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften. (Turcologica, 13), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Erdal, Marcel (1998). “Old Turkic”. Turkic Languages. (Ed. Lars Johanson & Eva Agnes Csató) London: Routledge, 138-157. Erdal, Marcel (2004). A Grammar of Old Turkic. Leiden-New York: Brill. Erdal, Marcel (2006). “The palatal glide in Oghuz Turkic and Western Iranian morphophonemics”. Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas, Historical and Linguistic Aspects. (ed. Lars Johanson, Christiane Bulut) Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 128-142. Gemalmaz, Efrasiyap (1996). “Türkçede İsim Tamlamalarının Derin Yapısı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4, 165-172. Georg, Stefan (2001). “Türkisch/mongolisch tengri ‘Himmel, Gott’ und seine Herkunft”. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, 6, 83-100. Georg, Stefan (2007). A Descriptive Grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak). Part 1: Introduction, Phonology, Morphology. (Languages of Asia Series, Volume 1) Folkestone: Global Oriental. Georg, Stefan (2008). “Yeniseic Languages and the Siberian Linguistic Area”. Evidence and Counter-Evidence: Essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt, Volume 2: General Linguistics. (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, Vol. 33) Amsterdam-New York: Rodopi, 151-168. Gorelova, Liliya M. (2002). Manchu Grammar. Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill. Gülsevin, Gürer (1990). “Eski Anadolu (Türkiye) Türkçesinde 3. Kişi İyelik Ekinin Özel Kullanılışı”. Türk Dili, 466, 187-190. Janhunen, Juha (2003). “Proto-Mongolic”. Mongolic Languages. (ed. Juha Janhunen) London-New York: Routledge, 1-29. Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). Mongolian. (London Oriental and African Language Library, v. 19) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Janhunen, Juha (2013). “Personal pronouns in Core Altaic”. Shared Grammaticalization: With special focus on the Transeurasian languages. (eds. M. Robbeets & H. Cuyckens). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 211-226. Janhunen, Juha (2016). “Towards Pre-Proto-Turkic: Issues of Definition and Terminology”. Eine hundertblättrige Tulpe – Bir ṣadbarg lāla. Festgabe für Claus Schönig. (Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Türkvölker, Band 22) (Hg. Ingeborg Hauenschild, Matthias Kappler, Barbara Kellner-Heinkele) Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 189-196. Kane, Daniel (2009). The Kitan Language and Script. Leiden-Boston: Brill. Kara, Mehmet (2012). Türkmen Türkçesi Grameri. İstanbul: Etkileşim Yayınları. Karahan, Leyla (1999). “Yükleme (Accusative) Ve İlgi (Genetive) Hali Ekleri Üzerine Bazı Düşünceler”. 3. Uluslararası Türk Dil Kurultayı 1996, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 605-611. Károly, László (2009). “Dominancy in Yakut an Historical Approach”. International Journal of Central Asian Studies, Festschrift To Commemorate the 80th Anniversary of Prof. Dr. Talat Tekin’s Birth, 13, 343-353. Kerimoğlu, Caner (2007). “Orhun Abidelerinde 3. Kişi İyelik Ekinden Sonra Yükleme Hâli eki Kullanıldı mı?”. Turkish Studies, 2/3, 322-331. KhM = Doerfer, Gerhard (1971). Khalaj Materials. 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  • İnternet kaynakları http://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/query.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 09.09.2018)
Toplam 2 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

ORÇUN Ünal 0000-0002-2591-9035

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 64

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünal, O. (2019). Türkçe Üçüncü Tekil Şahıs İyelik Ekinin ve Pronominal /N/ Sesinin Kökeni Üzerine. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi(64), 47-69. https://doi.org/10.14222/Turkiyat4038