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Çocuk ve Ergen Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi Merkezine Başvuran Olguların Sosyodemografik ve Madde Kullanım Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 174 - 185, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1112645

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada çocuk ve ergen madde bağımlılığı tedavi merkezine başvuran ergenlerin sosyodemografik, klinik ve madde kullanım özelliklerinin incelenmesi, ayaktan ve yatan hastaların bu özellikler açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: 2018-2019 yılları arasında merkezimize başvuran olgulara ait dosyaların tamamı geriye dönük olarak incelenerek analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 197 hasta (23 kız, 174 erkek) dahil edildi. Yaş ortalaması 16,3±1,1 yıl bulundu. Okula devam etmeme %73,6, düşük akademik başarı %60,4, okulda disiplin cezası %67, kendine zarar verme %48,7, adli öykü %52,8, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu %46,2 bulundu. Ailede madde kullanımı %43,1, ailede suç öyküsü %51,8, ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi düşük bulundu. En sık karışık madde kullanım bozukluğu (%41) tespit edildi. Başlama yaşları sigara (11,3), esrar ve uçucu (13,7), eksztazi ve alkol (14,4), eroin ve sentetik kannabinoid (15) şeklinde bulundu. Ailede ruhsal hastalık, eve gece 23’ten sonra gelme, opiyat kullanım bozukluğu, eroin, metamfetamin, sentetik kannabinoid, uçucu madde, kokain ve pregabalin kullanım öyküsü yatan hastalarda daha yüksek bulundu.
Sonuç: Madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin sokak yaşantılarının ve suç işleme davranışlarının fazla olduğu, okulla olan bağlarının zayıf olduğu saptanmıştır. Karışık madde kullanımının sık olduğu, esrarın en sık kullanılan madde olduğu, belirlenmiştir. Yatan olguların daha olumsuz sosyodemografik ve klinik faktörlere sahip oldukları gösterildi.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Büber A. Alkol Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Güncel Yaklaşımlar ve Temel Kavramlar. Editörler Ercan ES, Bilaç Ö, Perçinel Yazıcı İ, Kütük MÖ, Işık Ü et al. Akademisyen Kitapevi, 2020, pp. 687-729.
  • 2. Kulak JA, Griswold KS. Adolescent substance use and misuse: Recognition and management. American Family Physician, 2019, 99(11): 689-696.
  • 3. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt35325/NSDUHFFRPDFWHTMLFiles2020/2020NSDUHFFR1PDFW102121.pdf. Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2022.
  • 4. ESPAD report 2019. http://www.espad.org/espad-report-2019. Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2022.
  • 5. Ünlü A, Evcin U. İstanbul’da liseli gençler arasındaki madde kullanım yaygınlığı ve demografik faktörlerin etkileri. Literatür Sempozyum 2014;1:2–11.
  • 6. Uzun S, Kelleci M. Substance abuse in high school students: their self- efficacy to avoid substance abuse and related factors. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2018;31:356-363. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310404
  • 7. Demirci Çiftçi A, Yalçın Ö. Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları. Editörler: Pekcanlar Akay A, Ercan ES . Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. 1. Baskı. Ankara. Türkiye Çocuk ve Genç Psikiyatrisi Derneği Yayınları; 2016 pp. 470-527.
  • 8. Gray KM, Squeglia LM. Research Review: What have we learned about adolescent substance use?. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018;59(6):618-627.
  • 9. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/problems-in-adolescents/substance-use-and-abuse-in-adolescents. Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2022.
  • 10. Kenneth WG, Gilbert JB. Preventing substance use among children and adolescent. Editör Ries, R.K., Fiellin, D.A., Miller, S.C., Saitz, R. The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine Fifth Edition. China: Wolters Kluwer Health-ASAM. 2014
  • 11. Mutter R, Ali M, Strashny A. Profile of adolescent discharges from substance abuse treatment. UMBC School of Public Policy Collection. 2015
  • 12. Bilaç Ö, Kavurma C, Önder A, Doğan Y, Uzunoğlu G, Ozan E. A clinical and sociodemographic evaluation of youths with substance use disorders in a child and adolescent inpatient unit of a mental health hospital. J Clin Psy. 2019; 22(4): 463-471
  • 13. Demirci Çiftçi A, Erdoğan A, Yalçın Ö, Yıldızhan E, Koyuncu Z, Eseroğlu T,Evren C. Sociodemographic characteristics and drug abuse patterns of adolescents admitted for substance use disorder treatment in Istanbul. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2015; 41(3), 212-219.
  • 14. Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F. Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 2021; 2088. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2
  • 15. Zuckermann AME, Qian W, Battista K, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Leatherdale ST. Factors influencing the non-medical use of prescription opioids among youth: results from the COMPASS study. J Subst Abus. 2020;25(5):507–14.
  • 16. Şirin H, Uzun ME. Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu Tanısıyla ÇEMATEM’de Tedavi Gören Ergen Hastaların Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Özellikleri: Bursa Örneklemi. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 2021; 28(2), 151-158.
  • 17. Karatoprak S, Uzun N. Çocuk ve Ergen Madde Tedavi Merkezinde Yatarak Tedavi Gören Ergenlerin Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2020;27(2), 110-115.
  • 18. Heradstveit O, Skogen JC, Hetland J, Hysing M. Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use Are Important Factors for School-Related Problems among Adolescents. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1023.
  • 19. Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Scholes‐Balog KE, Herrenkohl TI, Toumbourou JW, Catalano Jr RF. Effects of early adolescent alcohol use on mid‐adolescent school performance and connection: a longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Journal of school health,2014; 84(11), 706-715.
  • 20. Wang PW, Yen CF. Adolescent substance use behavior and suicidal behavior for boys and girls: a cross-sectional study by latent analysis approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):392.
  • 21. Rioux C, Huet A-S, Castellanos-Ryan N, Fortier L, Le Blanc M, Hamaoui S. Substance use disorders and suicidality in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on the direction of the association. PLoS ONE 2021;16(8): e0255799.
  • 22. Aksoy A, Ögel K. Sokakta ya ayan çocuklarda kendine zarar verme davran ve madde kullan m. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2005; 6, 163-169.
  • 23. Saladino V, Mosca O, Petruccelli F, Hoelzlhammer L, Lauriola M, Verrastro V, Cabras C. The vicious cycle: problematic family relations, substance abuse, and crime in adolescence: a narrative review. Frontiers in psychology, 2021; 2906.
  • 24. Ögel K, Aksoy A. Tutuklu Ve Hükümlü Ergenlerde Madde Kullanimi. Journal of Dependence, 2007; 8, 11-17.
  • 25. Humensky JL. Are adolescents with high socioeconomic status more likely to engage in alcohol and illicit drug use in early adulthood?. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2010; 5, 19.
  • 26. Patrick ME, Wightman P, Schoeni RF, Schulenberg JE. Socioeconomic status and substance use among young adults: a comparison across constructs and drugs. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73(5):772-782. doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.772
  • 27. Gerra G, Benedetti E, Resce G, Potente R, Cutilli A, Molinaro S. Socioeconomic status, parental education, school connectedness and individual socio-cultural resources in vulnerability for drug use among students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020; 17(4), 1306.
  • 28. Wills TA, McNamara G, Vaccaro D. Parental education related to adolescent stress-coping and substance use: development of a mediational model. Health Psychol. 1995;14(5):464-78. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.14.5.464.
  • 29. Raitasalo K, Østergaard J, Andrade SB. Educational attainment by children with parental alcohol problems in Denmark and Finland. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2021;38(3), 227-242.
  • 30. Haugland SH, Coombes L, Stea TH. Associations between parenting and substance use, meal pattern and food choices: a cross-sectional survey of 13,269 Norwegian adolescents. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2019; 14, 100862.
  • 31. Srivastava S, Kumar P, Paul R, Dhillon P. Does substance use by family members and community affect the substance use among adolescent boys? Evidence from UDAYA study, India. BMC Public Health, 2021; 21(1), 1-10.
  • 32. Bolat GÜ, Yüncü Z. Uyuşturucu Madde Kullanımı Nedeniyle Başvuran Ergenlerde Özkıyım Girişimi ile İlişkili Etkenler. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:20-24
  • 33. Yüncü Z, Özbaran N., Altıntoprak A, Aydın C, Coşkunol H. Sokak yaşantısı olan-olmayan madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin klinik ve sosyodemografik özellikleri. Türkiye de Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2007; (9).
  • 34. Kardaş Ö, Kardaş B. Opioid kullanım bozukluğu olan ergende pregabalin kötüye kullanımı. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 2018; 9(2), 1-3.
  • 35. Peltokorpi J, Hakko H, Riipinen P, Riala K. Profile of substance misuse among adolescent and young adult gabapentinoid users: a register-based follow-up study of former adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Substance Use & Misuse, 2021, 56(5), 598-605.
  • 36. Yüncü Z, Aydın C, Çoşkunol H, Altıntoprak E, Bayram AT. Çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik bir bağımlılık merkezine iki yıl süresince başvuran olguların sosyodemografik değerlendirilmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2006;7:31-7.
  • 37. Turner SD, Spithoff S, Kahan M. Approach to cannabis use disorder in primary care: Focus on youth and other high-risk users. Canadian Family Physician, 2014; 60(9), 801-808.
  • 38. Gupta R, Derevensky JL. Adolescent Gambling Behavior: A Prevalence Study and Examination of the Correlates Associated with Problem Gambling. J Gambl Stud. 1998 14(4):319-345. doi: 10.1023/a:1023068925328. PMID: 12766444.
  • 39. Castrén S, Grainger M, Lahti T. At-risk and problem gambling among adolescents: a convenience sample of first-year junior high school students in Finland.Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 2015;10, 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-015-0003-8
  • 40. Kaminer Y, Burleson JA, Jadamec A. Gambling behavior in adolescent substance abuse. Subst Abus. 2002 ;23(3):191-8. doi: 10.1080/08897070209511489. PMID: 12444352.

Investigation of Sociodemographic and Substance Use Characteristics of Cases Referred to Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Center

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 174 - 185, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1112645

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the sociodemographic, clinical and substance use characteristics of adolescents admitted to a child and adolescent substance abuse treatment center and to compare outpatients and inpatients in terms of these characteristics.
Method: All files of the patients admitted to our center between 2018-2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.
Results: The study included 197 patients (23 female, 174 male). The mean age was 16.3±1.1 years. School absenteeism was found in 73.6%, low academic achievement in 60.4%, disciplinary action in 67%, self-harm in 48.7%, forensic history in 52.8%, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 46.2%. Family history of substance use was 43.1%, family history of crime was 51.8%, and parental education level was low. The most common disorder was mixed substance use disorder (41%). The age of onset was as follows: cigarette (11.3), cannabis and volatile (13.7), exstasy and alcohol (14.4), heroin and synthetic cannabinoid (15). Family history of mental illness, coming home after 11 pm, opiate use disorder, heroin, methamphetamine, synthetic cannabinoid, volatile substance, cocaine and pregabalin use were higher in inpatients.
Conclusion: Adolescents with substance use disorders were found to have more street life and delinquent behaviors and weaker ties with school. Adolescents with substance use disorders were found to have more street life and delinquent behaviors and weaker ties with school. Mixed substance use was frequent, with cannabis being the most commonly used substance. Inpatients were shown to have more unfavorable sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Büber A. Alkol Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Güncel Yaklaşımlar ve Temel Kavramlar. Editörler Ercan ES, Bilaç Ö, Perçinel Yazıcı İ, Kütük MÖ, Işık Ü et al. Akademisyen Kitapevi, 2020, pp. 687-729.
  • 2. Kulak JA, Griswold KS. Adolescent substance use and misuse: Recognition and management. American Family Physician, 2019, 99(11): 689-696.
  • 3. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt35325/NSDUHFFRPDFWHTMLFiles2020/2020NSDUHFFR1PDFW102121.pdf. Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2022.
  • 4. ESPAD report 2019. http://www.espad.org/espad-report-2019. Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2022.
  • 5. Ünlü A, Evcin U. İstanbul’da liseli gençler arasındaki madde kullanım yaygınlığı ve demografik faktörlerin etkileri. Literatür Sempozyum 2014;1:2–11.
  • 6. Uzun S, Kelleci M. Substance abuse in high school students: their self- efficacy to avoid substance abuse and related factors. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2018;31:356-363. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310404
  • 7. Demirci Çiftçi A, Yalçın Ö. Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları. Editörler: Pekcanlar Akay A, Ercan ES . Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. 1. Baskı. Ankara. Türkiye Çocuk ve Genç Psikiyatrisi Derneği Yayınları; 2016 pp. 470-527.
  • 8. Gray KM, Squeglia LM. Research Review: What have we learned about adolescent substance use?. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018;59(6):618-627.
  • 9. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/problems-in-adolescents/substance-use-and-abuse-in-adolescents. Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2022.
  • 10. Kenneth WG, Gilbert JB. Preventing substance use among children and adolescent. Editör Ries, R.K., Fiellin, D.A., Miller, S.C., Saitz, R. The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine Fifth Edition. China: Wolters Kluwer Health-ASAM. 2014
  • 11. Mutter R, Ali M, Strashny A. Profile of adolescent discharges from substance abuse treatment. UMBC School of Public Policy Collection. 2015
  • 12. Bilaç Ö, Kavurma C, Önder A, Doğan Y, Uzunoğlu G, Ozan E. A clinical and sociodemographic evaluation of youths with substance use disorders in a child and adolescent inpatient unit of a mental health hospital. J Clin Psy. 2019; 22(4): 463-471
  • 13. Demirci Çiftçi A, Erdoğan A, Yalçın Ö, Yıldızhan E, Koyuncu Z, Eseroğlu T,Evren C. Sociodemographic characteristics and drug abuse patterns of adolescents admitted for substance use disorder treatment in Istanbul. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2015; 41(3), 212-219.
  • 14. Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F. Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 2021; 2088. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2
  • 15. Zuckermann AME, Qian W, Battista K, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Leatherdale ST. Factors influencing the non-medical use of prescription opioids among youth: results from the COMPASS study. J Subst Abus. 2020;25(5):507–14.
  • 16. Şirin H, Uzun ME. Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu Tanısıyla ÇEMATEM’de Tedavi Gören Ergen Hastaların Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Özellikleri: Bursa Örneklemi. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 2021; 28(2), 151-158.
  • 17. Karatoprak S, Uzun N. Çocuk ve Ergen Madde Tedavi Merkezinde Yatarak Tedavi Gören Ergenlerin Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2020;27(2), 110-115.
  • 18. Heradstveit O, Skogen JC, Hetland J, Hysing M. Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use Are Important Factors for School-Related Problems among Adolescents. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1023.
  • 19. Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Scholes‐Balog KE, Herrenkohl TI, Toumbourou JW, Catalano Jr RF. Effects of early adolescent alcohol use on mid‐adolescent school performance and connection: a longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Journal of school health,2014; 84(11), 706-715.
  • 20. Wang PW, Yen CF. Adolescent substance use behavior and suicidal behavior for boys and girls: a cross-sectional study by latent analysis approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):392.
  • 21. Rioux C, Huet A-S, Castellanos-Ryan N, Fortier L, Le Blanc M, Hamaoui S. Substance use disorders and suicidality in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on the direction of the association. PLoS ONE 2021;16(8): e0255799.
  • 22. Aksoy A, Ögel K. Sokakta ya ayan çocuklarda kendine zarar verme davran ve madde kullan m. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2005; 6, 163-169.
  • 23. Saladino V, Mosca O, Petruccelli F, Hoelzlhammer L, Lauriola M, Verrastro V, Cabras C. The vicious cycle: problematic family relations, substance abuse, and crime in adolescence: a narrative review. Frontiers in psychology, 2021; 2906.
  • 24. Ögel K, Aksoy A. Tutuklu Ve Hükümlü Ergenlerde Madde Kullanimi. Journal of Dependence, 2007; 8, 11-17.
  • 25. Humensky JL. Are adolescents with high socioeconomic status more likely to engage in alcohol and illicit drug use in early adulthood?. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2010; 5, 19.
  • 26. Patrick ME, Wightman P, Schoeni RF, Schulenberg JE. Socioeconomic status and substance use among young adults: a comparison across constructs and drugs. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73(5):772-782. doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.772
  • 27. Gerra G, Benedetti E, Resce G, Potente R, Cutilli A, Molinaro S. Socioeconomic status, parental education, school connectedness and individual socio-cultural resources in vulnerability for drug use among students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020; 17(4), 1306.
  • 28. Wills TA, McNamara G, Vaccaro D. Parental education related to adolescent stress-coping and substance use: development of a mediational model. Health Psychol. 1995;14(5):464-78. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.14.5.464.
  • 29. Raitasalo K, Østergaard J, Andrade SB. Educational attainment by children with parental alcohol problems in Denmark and Finland. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2021;38(3), 227-242.
  • 30. Haugland SH, Coombes L, Stea TH. Associations between parenting and substance use, meal pattern and food choices: a cross-sectional survey of 13,269 Norwegian adolescents. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2019; 14, 100862.
  • 31. Srivastava S, Kumar P, Paul R, Dhillon P. Does substance use by family members and community affect the substance use among adolescent boys? Evidence from UDAYA study, India. BMC Public Health, 2021; 21(1), 1-10.
  • 32. Bolat GÜ, Yüncü Z. Uyuşturucu Madde Kullanımı Nedeniyle Başvuran Ergenlerde Özkıyım Girişimi ile İlişkili Etkenler. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:20-24
  • 33. Yüncü Z, Özbaran N., Altıntoprak A, Aydın C, Coşkunol H. Sokak yaşantısı olan-olmayan madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin klinik ve sosyodemografik özellikleri. Türkiye de Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2007; (9).
  • 34. Kardaş Ö, Kardaş B. Opioid kullanım bozukluğu olan ergende pregabalin kötüye kullanımı. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 2018; 9(2), 1-3.
  • 35. Peltokorpi J, Hakko H, Riipinen P, Riala K. Profile of substance misuse among adolescent and young adult gabapentinoid users: a register-based follow-up study of former adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Substance Use & Misuse, 2021, 56(5), 598-605.
  • 36. Yüncü Z, Aydın C, Çoşkunol H, Altıntoprak E, Bayram AT. Çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik bir bağımlılık merkezine iki yıl süresince başvuran olguların sosyodemografik değerlendirilmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2006;7:31-7.
  • 37. Turner SD, Spithoff S, Kahan M. Approach to cannabis use disorder in primary care: Focus on youth and other high-risk users. Canadian Family Physician, 2014; 60(9), 801-808.
  • 38. Gupta R, Derevensky JL. Adolescent Gambling Behavior: A Prevalence Study and Examination of the Correlates Associated with Problem Gambling. J Gambl Stud. 1998 14(4):319-345. doi: 10.1023/a:1023068925328. PMID: 12766444.
  • 39. Castrén S, Grainger M, Lahti T. At-risk and problem gambling among adolescents: a convenience sample of first-year junior high school students in Finland.Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 2015;10, 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-015-0003-8
  • 40. Kaminer Y, Burleson JA, Jadamec A. Gambling behavior in adolescent substance abuse. Subst Abus. 2002 ;23(3):191-8. doi: 10.1080/08897070209511489. PMID: 12444352.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikiyatri, Madde Bağımlılığı
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Ömer Kardaş 0000-0003-2241-2367

Burcu Kardaş 0000-0002-2912-8097

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Ocak 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 1 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Kardaş Ö, Kardaş B. Çocuk ve Ergen Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi Merkezine Başvuran Olguların Sosyodemografik ve Madde Kullanım Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. Haziran 2023;24(2):174-185. doi:10.51982/bagimli.1112645

Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence