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Ahşap Esaslı Levhalarda Formaldehit Emisyon Problemleri ve Çözüm Önerileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 382 - 387, 16.08.2018

Öz

Ahşap kompozit
levhalar dünyada yapı malzemesi olarak inşaat ve dekorasyonda, köprü ve iskele
yapımında, taşımacılık sektörü ve mobilya üretiminde yaygın şekilde
kullanılmaktadır. Formaldehit içerikli tutkallarla üretilen ahşap kompozit
paneller ve bunlardan üretilen malzemelerden salınan formaldehit standartların
üzerinde olması çevre ve insan sağlığını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Formaldehit
emisyonu; ortamdaki konsantrasyona, maruz kalma süresi ve şekline bağlı olarak
deri, göz ve solunum sisteminde ciddi alerjik reaksiyonlara, bağışıklık
sistemini zayıflatıcı, kanseri tetikleyici sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır.
Bu bağlamda ahşap kompozit panellerin üretimi başta olmak üzere formaldehit
içerikli tutkalların üretiminde kullanılan formaldehitin standart sınırlar
içerisinde olması konusunda yasal düzenlemeler yapılarak uygulamaya konulmalı
ve gerekli denetimler yapılmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Bilgin Y (2010). Türkiye'de Masif panel sektörünün yapısal durumu ve ağaç işleri endüstrisindeki kullanım olanakları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
  • Baumann MGD. Lorenz LF, Batterman SA. Zhang GZ. (2000). “Aldehyde emission from particleboard and medium density fiberboard products,” Forest Product Journal, 50(9):75-82, 2000.
  • Maloney TM (1993). Modern Particleboard and Dry-Process Fiberboard Manufacturing, San Francisco,CA, USA: Miller Freeman Publications.
  • İstek, A, Özlüsoylu, İ, Çelik, S, and Gönül, Ş. (2017a). Ahşap Esaslı Levha Sektöründe Kullanılan Yanma Geciktiriciler. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 389-399.
  • Hematabadi H, Behrooz R, Shakibi A, Arabi M (2012). “The reduction of indoor air formaldehyde from wood based composites using urea treatment for building materials,” Construction and Building Materials, 28:743-746.
  • Eroğlu, H, ve Usta, M (2000). Lif Levha Üretim Teknolojisi, Trabzon: KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Genel Yayın No:200 Fakülte Yayın No:30 s:152.
  • Boran S, ve Usta M (2010). Odun esaslı panellerde açığa çıkan formaldehit ve formaldehit sınırları hakkında bilgiler, 3.Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, Cilt:5 1968-1975.
  • İstek, A, Yalcinkaya, G, and Özlüsoylu, İ (2017b). The Effect of Some Boron Compounds on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particle Board ICACOF 2017
  • Roffael E (2006). “Volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde in nature wood and wood based panels,” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 64:144-149.
  • Özlüsoylu, İ, ve İstek, A. (2015). “Mobilya Üretiminde Kullanılan Panellerden Salınan Formaldehit Emisyonu ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri,” Selçuk-Teknik Dergisi, 14(2), 213-227, 2015.
  • Que, Z, Furuno, T, Katoh, S, and Nishino, Y (2007). “Evaluation of three test methods in determination of formaldehyde emission from particleboard bonded with different mole ratio in the urea–formaldehyde resin,” Building and Environment, 42(3), 1242-1249.
  • Menteşe, S, and Güllü, G (2005). Evlerde hava kalitesinin belirlenmesi: formaldehit kirleticisinin miktar ve kaynağının tespiti. 6. Ulusal Çevre Mühendisliği Kongresi, Kasım, İstanbul.
  • Çolak, S (2002). Kontrplaklarda emprenye işlemlerinin formaldehit ve asit emisyonu ile teknolojik özelliklere etkileri. Doktora Tezi, KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 139-145, Trabzon.
  • Keskin., H. and Tekin, A (2015). “Farklı Ortam Koşullarında Kompozit Mobilya Elemanlarından Kaynaklanan Formaldehit Emisyonunun Belirlenmesi,” Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 15(1).-:120-132.
  • Kim, S., and Kim, H. J (2005). “Comparison of formaldehyde emission from building finishing materials at various temperatures in under heating system; ONDOL,” Indoor Air, 15(5), 317-325.
  • Wiglusz, R., Sitko, E., Nikel, G., Jarnuszkiewicz, I, and Igielska, B. (2002). “The effect of temperature on the emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from laminate flooring—case study,” Building and environment, 37(1), 41-44.
  • URL-1 (2017). http://www.sabittuncel.com/ ureformaldehit-emisyonu/ (29.10.2017)
  • URL-2(2017).http://www.kimyaborsasi.com.tr/module/stblog/88_formaldehit-hakkinda-bilgiler.html (29.10.2017)
  • URL-3 (2017) http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/formaldehyde (29.10.2017)
  • URL-4 (2017) http://www.formaldehit.net/formaldehit-kullanim-alanlari.html (29.10.2017)
  • URL-5 (2017) http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2004/pr153.html (29.10.2017)
  • Aksakal FN, Vaizoğlu SA, and Güler Ç (2005). “Mobilyalardaki kimyasallar ve sağlık etkileri,” Sted, cilt 14: sayı 12, 272.
  • URL-6 (2017). http://home.ccr.cancer.gov/lop/intranet/policymanual/SafetyAppendices /formaldehydefactst.asp (29.10.2017)
  • URL-7 (2017). http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/addendum.pdf (29.10.2017)
  • URL-8(2017.)https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet#q4 (29.10.2017)
  • Zhang H, Liu J, Lu X (2013). “Reducing the formaldehyde emission of composite wood products by cold plasma treatment,” Wood Research, 58:(4): 607-616.
  • Puttasukkha, J., Khongtong, S, and Chaowana, P (2015). “Curing behavior and bonding performance of urea formaldehyde resin admixed with formaldehyde scavenger,” Wood Research 60(4): 645-654.
  • He, Z., Zhang, Y. and Wei, W (2012). “Formaldehyde and VOC emissions at different manufacturing stages of wood-based panels,” Building and Environment, 47: 197-204.
  • Jang, Y., Huang, J. ve Li, K (2011). “A new formaldehyde-free wood adhesive from renewable materials,” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 31 (7): 754-759.
  • Wang, SY., Yang, TH., Lin, LT., Lin, CJ and Tsai, MJ (2007). “Properties of low-formaldehyde-emission particleboard made from recycled wood-waste chips sprayed with PMDI/PF resin,” Building and Environment, 42 (7): 2472-2479.
  • Boran, S., Usta, M., Ondaral, S. and Gümüşkaya, E (2012). “The efficiency of tannin as a formaldehyde scavenger chemical in medium density fiberboard,” Composites Part B: Engineering, 43(5): 2487-2491.
  • Eom, Y. G., Kim, J. S., Kim, S., Kim, J. A., and Kim, H. J. (2006). Reduction of formaldehyde emission from particleboards by bio-scavengers. Mokchae Konghak, 34(5), 29-41.
  • Kim, S (2009). “The reduction of indoor air pollutant from wood-based composite by adding pozzolan for building materials,” Constr Build Mater. 23(6):2319–2323.
  • Kim, S, Kim, HJ., Kim, HS and Lee, HH (2006). Effect of Bio‐Scavengers on the Curing Behavior and Bonding Properties of Melamine‐Formaldehyde Resins. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 291(9), 1027-1034.
  • Boran S, Usta M., and Gumuskaya., E (2011). “Decreasing formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard panels produced by adding different amine compounds to urea formaldehyde resin,” Int J Adhes Adhes 31(7):674–678.
  • Costa N, Pereira J, Martins J, Ferra J, Cruz P, Magalha˜es F, Mendes A, Carvalho L (2012). “Alternative tolatent catalysts for curing UF resins used in the production of low formaldehyde emission woodbased panels” Int J Adhes Adhes 33:56–60.
  • Park BD, Kang EC, Park JY. (2008). Thermal curing behavior of modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives with two formaldehyde scavengers and their influence on adhesion performance. J Appl Polym Sci 110(3):1573–1580.
  • Costa, NA, Pereira, J., Ferra, J., Cruz, P., Martins, J., Magalhães, F.D. and Carvalho, LH (2013). “Scavengers for achieving zero formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels,” Wood science and technology, 47(6), 1261-1272.
  • Ghani, A., Bawon, P., Ashaari, Z., Wahab, MW., Hua, LS, and Chen, LW (2017). “Addıtıon of Propylamıne as Formaldehyde Scavenger for Urea Formaldehyde-Bonded Partıcleboard,” Wood Research, 62(2), 329-334.
  • Aydın, İ., Demirkır, C., Çolakoğlu, G., and Çolak, S. (2015). “MÜF Tutkalı İle Üretilen Çeşitli Ağaç Türü Kontrplaklarında Presleme Süresinin Formaldehit Emisyonuna Etkileri” Selçuk-Teknik Dergisi, 14(2), 590-600.

Formaldehyde Emission Problems and Solution Recommendations on Wood-Based Boards

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 382 - 387, 16.08.2018

Öz

Wood composite panels are widely used in
building, decoration, bridge, pier construction, transportation sectors and
furniture production in the world. Formaldehyde which is found from
formaldehyde containing adhesive bonded wood composite panels and the wood
products above the standard amounts released has a negative impact on the
environment and human health. Formaldehyde emission; Depending on the concentration
in the environment, exposure time and shape, causes severe allergic reactions
in the skin, eye and respiratory system, weakens the immune system, and causes
cancer like health problems. In this context, it is concluded that legal
arrangements should be prepared for formaldehyde usage, which is used in the
production of formaldehyde-containing adhesives, especially wood composite
panels, and necessary controls should be made if the adhesives are prepared
within the standard limits.

Kaynakça

  • Bilgin Y (2010). Türkiye'de Masif panel sektörünün yapısal durumu ve ağaç işleri endüstrisindeki kullanım olanakları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
  • Baumann MGD. Lorenz LF, Batterman SA. Zhang GZ. (2000). “Aldehyde emission from particleboard and medium density fiberboard products,” Forest Product Journal, 50(9):75-82, 2000.
  • Maloney TM (1993). Modern Particleboard and Dry-Process Fiberboard Manufacturing, San Francisco,CA, USA: Miller Freeman Publications.
  • İstek, A, Özlüsoylu, İ, Çelik, S, and Gönül, Ş. (2017a). Ahşap Esaslı Levha Sektöründe Kullanılan Yanma Geciktiriciler. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 389-399.
  • Hematabadi H, Behrooz R, Shakibi A, Arabi M (2012). “The reduction of indoor air formaldehyde from wood based composites using urea treatment for building materials,” Construction and Building Materials, 28:743-746.
  • Eroğlu, H, ve Usta, M (2000). Lif Levha Üretim Teknolojisi, Trabzon: KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Genel Yayın No:200 Fakülte Yayın No:30 s:152.
  • Boran S, ve Usta M (2010). Odun esaslı panellerde açığa çıkan formaldehit ve formaldehit sınırları hakkında bilgiler, 3.Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, Cilt:5 1968-1975.
  • İstek, A, Yalcinkaya, G, and Özlüsoylu, İ (2017b). The Effect of Some Boron Compounds on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particle Board ICACOF 2017
  • Roffael E (2006). “Volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde in nature wood and wood based panels,” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 64:144-149.
  • Özlüsoylu, İ, ve İstek, A. (2015). “Mobilya Üretiminde Kullanılan Panellerden Salınan Formaldehit Emisyonu ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri,” Selçuk-Teknik Dergisi, 14(2), 213-227, 2015.
  • Que, Z, Furuno, T, Katoh, S, and Nishino, Y (2007). “Evaluation of three test methods in determination of formaldehyde emission from particleboard bonded with different mole ratio in the urea–formaldehyde resin,” Building and Environment, 42(3), 1242-1249.
  • Menteşe, S, and Güllü, G (2005). Evlerde hava kalitesinin belirlenmesi: formaldehit kirleticisinin miktar ve kaynağının tespiti. 6. Ulusal Çevre Mühendisliği Kongresi, Kasım, İstanbul.
  • Çolak, S (2002). Kontrplaklarda emprenye işlemlerinin formaldehit ve asit emisyonu ile teknolojik özelliklere etkileri. Doktora Tezi, KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 139-145, Trabzon.
  • Keskin., H. and Tekin, A (2015). “Farklı Ortam Koşullarında Kompozit Mobilya Elemanlarından Kaynaklanan Formaldehit Emisyonunun Belirlenmesi,” Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 15(1).-:120-132.
  • Kim, S., and Kim, H. J (2005). “Comparison of formaldehyde emission from building finishing materials at various temperatures in under heating system; ONDOL,” Indoor Air, 15(5), 317-325.
  • Wiglusz, R., Sitko, E., Nikel, G., Jarnuszkiewicz, I, and Igielska, B. (2002). “The effect of temperature on the emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from laminate flooring—case study,” Building and environment, 37(1), 41-44.
  • URL-1 (2017). http://www.sabittuncel.com/ ureformaldehit-emisyonu/ (29.10.2017)
  • URL-2(2017).http://www.kimyaborsasi.com.tr/module/stblog/88_formaldehit-hakkinda-bilgiler.html (29.10.2017)
  • URL-3 (2017) http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/formaldehyde (29.10.2017)
  • URL-4 (2017) http://www.formaldehit.net/formaldehit-kullanim-alanlari.html (29.10.2017)
  • URL-5 (2017) http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2004/pr153.html (29.10.2017)
  • Aksakal FN, Vaizoğlu SA, and Güler Ç (2005). “Mobilyalardaki kimyasallar ve sağlık etkileri,” Sted, cilt 14: sayı 12, 272.
  • URL-6 (2017). http://home.ccr.cancer.gov/lop/intranet/policymanual/SafetyAppendices /formaldehydefactst.asp (29.10.2017)
  • URL-7 (2017). http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/addendum.pdf (29.10.2017)
  • URL-8(2017.)https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet#q4 (29.10.2017)
  • Zhang H, Liu J, Lu X (2013). “Reducing the formaldehyde emission of composite wood products by cold plasma treatment,” Wood Research, 58:(4): 607-616.
  • Puttasukkha, J., Khongtong, S, and Chaowana, P (2015). “Curing behavior and bonding performance of urea formaldehyde resin admixed with formaldehyde scavenger,” Wood Research 60(4): 645-654.
  • He, Z., Zhang, Y. and Wei, W (2012). “Formaldehyde and VOC emissions at different manufacturing stages of wood-based panels,” Building and Environment, 47: 197-204.
  • Jang, Y., Huang, J. ve Li, K (2011). “A new formaldehyde-free wood adhesive from renewable materials,” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 31 (7): 754-759.
  • Wang, SY., Yang, TH., Lin, LT., Lin, CJ and Tsai, MJ (2007). “Properties of low-formaldehyde-emission particleboard made from recycled wood-waste chips sprayed with PMDI/PF resin,” Building and Environment, 42 (7): 2472-2479.
  • Boran, S., Usta, M., Ondaral, S. and Gümüşkaya, E (2012). “The efficiency of tannin as a formaldehyde scavenger chemical in medium density fiberboard,” Composites Part B: Engineering, 43(5): 2487-2491.
  • Eom, Y. G., Kim, J. S., Kim, S., Kim, J. A., and Kim, H. J. (2006). Reduction of formaldehyde emission from particleboards by bio-scavengers. Mokchae Konghak, 34(5), 29-41.
  • Kim, S (2009). “The reduction of indoor air pollutant from wood-based composite by adding pozzolan for building materials,” Constr Build Mater. 23(6):2319–2323.
  • Kim, S, Kim, HJ., Kim, HS and Lee, HH (2006). Effect of Bio‐Scavengers on the Curing Behavior and Bonding Properties of Melamine‐Formaldehyde Resins. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 291(9), 1027-1034.
  • Boran S, Usta M., and Gumuskaya., E (2011). “Decreasing formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard panels produced by adding different amine compounds to urea formaldehyde resin,” Int J Adhes Adhes 31(7):674–678.
  • Costa N, Pereira J, Martins J, Ferra J, Cruz P, Magalha˜es F, Mendes A, Carvalho L (2012). “Alternative tolatent catalysts for curing UF resins used in the production of low formaldehyde emission woodbased panels” Int J Adhes Adhes 33:56–60.
  • Park BD, Kang EC, Park JY. (2008). Thermal curing behavior of modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives with two formaldehyde scavengers and their influence on adhesion performance. J Appl Polym Sci 110(3):1573–1580.
  • Costa, NA, Pereira, J., Ferra, J., Cruz, P., Martins, J., Magalhães, F.D. and Carvalho, LH (2013). “Scavengers for achieving zero formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels,” Wood science and technology, 47(6), 1261-1272.
  • Ghani, A., Bawon, P., Ashaari, Z., Wahab, MW., Hua, LS, and Chen, LW (2017). “Addıtıon of Propylamıne as Formaldehyde Scavenger for Urea Formaldehyde-Bonded Partıcleboard,” Wood Research, 62(2), 329-334.
  • Aydın, İ., Demirkır, C., Çolakoğlu, G., and Çolak, S. (2015). “MÜF Tutkalı İle Üretilen Çeşitli Ağaç Türü Kontrplaklarında Presleme Süresinin Formaldehit Emisyonuna Etkileri” Selçuk-Teknik Dergisi, 14(2), 590-600.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Review Articles and Editorials
Yazarlar

Abdullah İstek

İsmail Özlüsoylu Bu kişi benim

Saadettin Murat Onat

Şeyma Özlüsoylu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ağustos 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA İstek, A., Özlüsoylu, İ., Onat, S. M., Özlüsoylu, Ş. (2018). Formaldehyde Emission Problems and Solution Recommendations on Wood-Based Boards. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 382-387.


Bartin Orman Fakultesi Dergisi Editorship,

Bartin University, Faculty of Forestry, Dean Floor No:106, Agdaci District, 74100 Bartin-Turkey.

Tel: +90 (378) 223 5094, Fax: +90 (378) 223 5062,

E-mail: bofdergi@gmail.com