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AVRUPA YEŞİL MUTABAKATI’NIN TÜRKİYE ELEKTRİK PİYASASINA ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 40 - 58, 17.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.835052

Öz

Genel anlamda gezegenin, iklim değişikliğinin bir sonucu olarak çevresel felaketlerle karşı karşıya olduğuna inanıldığı için Avrupa Birliği, sürdürülebilir bir yeşil geçişe ilham vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrupa Komisyonu, ısınan atmosfere, iklim değişikliğine ve kirli havaya tepki olan bu öncü motivasyonun bir göstergesi olarak “Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı”nı ortaya koymuştur. Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve vatandaşları açısından 2050 yılına kadar sera gazı emisyonlarının sıfır olacağı adil ve rekabetçi bir dönüşümü amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, aynı zamanda diğer ülkelerin sera gazı emisyonları açısından da ilgili dönüşümü sağlamaya kararlıdır. Avrupa ile ticaret hacmi açısından önde gelen ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye, karbon emisyonları konusunu detaylı olarak incelemek zorundadır. Aksi halde Avrupa Birliği ve özellikle elektrik sektörü gibi Sera Gazı Emisyonu ile yüksek derecede ilişkili olan sektörlerden birine sahip Türkiye arasındaki ticari anlaşmalar, karbon kaçağı riskini azaltmayı amaçlayan Komisyon'un karbon sınırı ayarlama mekanizması kapsamında sekteye uğrama riskine sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’nın sonucunda karbon limitlerinden veya uygulamasından etkilenecek olan Türkiye elektrik piyasası üzerindeki etkilerini hem arz hem de talep yönünden incelemektir. Ayrıca karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleme yapılan bu çalışmada, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı gereklilikleri kapsamında Türkiye elektrik piyasası için bir yol haritası sunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Appunn, K. (2015). Setting the power price: The merit order effect. Retrieved from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/setting-power-price-merit-order-effect (Accessed on 18.09.2020)
  • Argus. (2020). Lira weakness weighs on Turkish coal generation margins. Retrieved from https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2132178-lira-weakness-weighs-on-turkish-coal-generation-margins (Accessed on 18.09.2020)
  • Aylor, B., Gilbert, M., Lang, N., McAdoo, M., Öberg, J., Pieper, C., Sudmeijer, B., Voigt, N. (2020). How an EU Carbon Border Tax could jolt World trade?. June 30, 2020. Retrieved from Boston Consulting Group: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/how-an-eu-carbon-border-tax-could-jolt-world-trade (Accessed on 24.09.2020)
  • EEA. (2020). Greenhouse Gas - data viewer. Retrieved from European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer (Accessed on 26.09.2020)
  • EEA. (n.d). What is the EU emission trading scheme?. Retrieved from European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/faq/what-is-the-eu-emission-trading-scheme (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • EUROFER. (n.d.). Carbon Border Adjustment. Retrieved from The European Steel Association: https://www.eurofer.eu/issues/climate-and-energy/carbon-border-adjustment (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • European Commission Trade Statistics. (2020). Market access database. Retrieved from European Commission: https://madb.europa.eu/madb/statistical_form.htm (Accessed on 21.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2011). Turkey 2011 progress report. 2011. Retrieved from European Commission: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SEC:2011:1201:FIN:EN:PDF (Accessed on 11.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2019a). Communication on The European Green Deal. 2019. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/european-green-deal-communication_en.pdf (Accessed on 10.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2019b). EU climate action and the European Green Deal. 2019. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action_en (Accessed on 10.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2019c). A European Green Deal: Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en#policy-areas (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • European Parliament. (2020a). EU Parliament news. Retrieved from European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20200109STO69927/europe-s-one-trillion-climate-finance-plan (Accessed on 27.09.2020)
  • European Parliament. (2020b). Maximising the energy efficiency potential of the EU building stock. Retrieved from European Commission: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0227_EN.html (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • EUROSTAT. (2020). Greenhouse Gas emission statistics - emission inventories. Retrieved from European Statistical Office: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/1180.pdf (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • ICIS. (2013), European daily carbon markets methodology. August 2013. Retrieved from Independent Commodity Intelligence Services: https://www.icis.com/compliance/documents/european-daily-carbon-markets-methodology-august-2013 (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • ITC. (2020). International trade statistics 2001-2019. Retrieved from International Trade Centre: https://www.trademap.org (Accessed on 19.09.2020)
  • Kirat D., Ahamada I. (2011), The impact of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme on Electricity Generation Sectors. Energy Economics, Volume 33, Issue 5, 2011, 995-1003.
  • Liu, W., Klip, D., Zappa, W., Jelles, S., Kramer, G. J., van den Broek, M. (2019). The marginal-cost pricing for a competitive wholesale district heating market: A case study in the Netherlands. Energy, 189, 116367.
  • PwC Turkey. (2020). Overview of the Turkish Electricity Market. August 2020. Retrieved from PwC Turkey: https://www.pwc.com.tr/tr/sektorler/enerji/overview-of-the-turkish-electricity-market-august-2020.pdf (Accessed on 17.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2019). Energy pricing and non-market flows in Turkey’s energy sector, Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/raporweb_ENG.pdf (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2020a). SHURA webinar - TUSİAD presentation. May 12, 2020. Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/shura-agora-webinar-ozet-raporu/ (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2020b). SHURA webinar - EUROFER presentation. May 12, 2020. Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/shura-agora-webinar-ozet-raporu/ (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2020c). SHURA webinar - AGORA presentation. May 12, 2020. Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/shura-agora-webinar-ozet-raporu/ (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • TEİAŞ. (2020). Daily statistics. Retrieved from Türkiye Elektrik İletim Anonim Şirketi: https://ytbsbilgi.teias.gov.tr/ytbsbilgi/frm_istatistikler.jsf (Accessed on 19.09.2020)
  • TURKSTAT. (2020a). Sera Gazı emisyon istatistikleri: 1990-2018. March 31, 2020. Retrieved from Turkish Statistical Institute: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33624 (Accessed on 17.09.2020)
  • TURKSTAT. (2020b), Turkish Greenhouse Gas inventory: 1990-2018. April 2020. Retrieved from Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/icerikler/sera_gazi_em-syon-raporu-20200506141834.pdf (Accessed on 20.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (1992). United Nations framework convention on climate change. 1992. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf (Accessed on 11.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (n.d.-a). Climate: Get the big picture. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/resource/bigpicture (Accessed on 12.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (n.d.-b). The Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-kyoto-protocol/what-is-the-kyoto-protocol/kyoto-protocol-targets-for-the-first-commitment-period (Accessed on 12.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (n.d.-c). The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement (Accessed on 12.09.2020)
  • WNA. (2011). Comparison of lifecycle Greenhouse Gas emissions of various electricity generation sources. June 2011. Retrieved from World Nuclear Association: http://www.world-nuclear.org/uploadedFiles/org/WNA/Publications/Working_Group_Reports/comparison_of_lifecycle.pdf (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • World Bank. (2020). Data bank. Retrieved from The World Bank: https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx (Accessed on 14.09.2020)

EFFECTS OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL ON TURKEY’S ELECTRICITY MARKET

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 40 - 58, 17.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.835052

Öz

As it is commonly believed that the planet is facing environmental disasters as a consequence of climate change, the European Union intends to inspire a sustainable green transition. The European Commission presented “The European Green Deal” as an indicator of this leading mission, which is a reaction to a warming atmosphere, climate change and polluted air. The European Green Deal aims to transform the countries and citizens of the European Union into a fair and competitive environment where greenhouse gas emissions will be zero by 2050. Above all, the European Green Deal is also committed to transforming the greenhouse gas emissions of other countries. Turkey, one of the leading countries in terms of the volume of trade with Europe, is required to examine the issue of carbon emissions in detail. If it were not, the European Union and Turkey could end the commercial agreements under the carbon-border adjustment mechanism of the Commission aimed at reducing carbon leakage risk, where the electricity sector is one of Turkey's most associated greenhouse gas emissions sectors. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the Green Deal on Turkey’s electricity market from both the supply and demand side, which will be affected by the Deal's carbon limits or enforcement. In addition, in this study, a road map for Turkey’s electricity market is offered via comparative analysis method under the requirements of The European Green Deal.

Kaynakça

  • Appunn, K. (2015). Setting the power price: The merit order effect. Retrieved from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/setting-power-price-merit-order-effect (Accessed on 18.09.2020)
  • Argus. (2020). Lira weakness weighs on Turkish coal generation margins. Retrieved from https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2132178-lira-weakness-weighs-on-turkish-coal-generation-margins (Accessed on 18.09.2020)
  • Aylor, B., Gilbert, M., Lang, N., McAdoo, M., Öberg, J., Pieper, C., Sudmeijer, B., Voigt, N. (2020). How an EU Carbon Border Tax could jolt World trade?. June 30, 2020. Retrieved from Boston Consulting Group: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/how-an-eu-carbon-border-tax-could-jolt-world-trade (Accessed on 24.09.2020)
  • EEA. (2020). Greenhouse Gas - data viewer. Retrieved from European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer (Accessed on 26.09.2020)
  • EEA. (n.d). What is the EU emission trading scheme?. Retrieved from European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/faq/what-is-the-eu-emission-trading-scheme (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • EUROFER. (n.d.). Carbon Border Adjustment. Retrieved from The European Steel Association: https://www.eurofer.eu/issues/climate-and-energy/carbon-border-adjustment (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • European Commission Trade Statistics. (2020). Market access database. Retrieved from European Commission: https://madb.europa.eu/madb/statistical_form.htm (Accessed on 21.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2011). Turkey 2011 progress report. 2011. Retrieved from European Commission: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SEC:2011:1201:FIN:EN:PDF (Accessed on 11.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2019a). Communication on The European Green Deal. 2019. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/european-green-deal-communication_en.pdf (Accessed on 10.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2019b). EU climate action and the European Green Deal. 2019. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action_en (Accessed on 10.09.2020)
  • European Commission. (2019c). A European Green Deal: Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en#policy-areas (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • European Parliament. (2020a). EU Parliament news. Retrieved from European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20200109STO69927/europe-s-one-trillion-climate-finance-plan (Accessed on 27.09.2020)
  • European Parliament. (2020b). Maximising the energy efficiency potential of the EU building stock. Retrieved from European Commission: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0227_EN.html (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • EUROSTAT. (2020). Greenhouse Gas emission statistics - emission inventories. Retrieved from European Statistical Office: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/1180.pdf (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • ICIS. (2013), European daily carbon markets methodology. August 2013. Retrieved from Independent Commodity Intelligence Services: https://www.icis.com/compliance/documents/european-daily-carbon-markets-methodology-august-2013 (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • ITC. (2020). International trade statistics 2001-2019. Retrieved from International Trade Centre: https://www.trademap.org (Accessed on 19.09.2020)
  • Kirat D., Ahamada I. (2011), The impact of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme on Electricity Generation Sectors. Energy Economics, Volume 33, Issue 5, 2011, 995-1003.
  • Liu, W., Klip, D., Zappa, W., Jelles, S., Kramer, G. J., van den Broek, M. (2019). The marginal-cost pricing for a competitive wholesale district heating market: A case study in the Netherlands. Energy, 189, 116367.
  • PwC Turkey. (2020). Overview of the Turkish Electricity Market. August 2020. Retrieved from PwC Turkey: https://www.pwc.com.tr/tr/sektorler/enerji/overview-of-the-turkish-electricity-market-august-2020.pdf (Accessed on 17.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2019). Energy pricing and non-market flows in Turkey’s energy sector, Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/raporweb_ENG.pdf (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2020a). SHURA webinar - TUSİAD presentation. May 12, 2020. Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/shura-agora-webinar-ozet-raporu/ (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2020b). SHURA webinar - EUROFER presentation. May 12, 2020. Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/shura-agora-webinar-ozet-raporu/ (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • SHURA. (2020c). SHURA webinar - AGORA presentation. May 12, 2020. Retrieved from SHURA Energy Transition Center: https://www.shura.org.tr/shura-agora-webinar-ozet-raporu/ (Accessed on 29.09.2020)
  • TEİAŞ. (2020). Daily statistics. Retrieved from Türkiye Elektrik İletim Anonim Şirketi: https://ytbsbilgi.teias.gov.tr/ytbsbilgi/frm_istatistikler.jsf (Accessed on 19.09.2020)
  • TURKSTAT. (2020a). Sera Gazı emisyon istatistikleri: 1990-2018. March 31, 2020. Retrieved from Turkish Statistical Institute: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33624 (Accessed on 17.09.2020)
  • TURKSTAT. (2020b), Turkish Greenhouse Gas inventory: 1990-2018. April 2020. Retrieved from Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/icerikler/sera_gazi_em-syon-raporu-20200506141834.pdf (Accessed on 20.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (1992). United Nations framework convention on climate change. 1992. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf (Accessed on 11.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (n.d.-a). Climate: Get the big picture. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/resource/bigpicture (Accessed on 12.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (n.d.-b). The Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-kyoto-protocol/what-is-the-kyoto-protocol/kyoto-protocol-targets-for-the-first-commitment-period (Accessed on 12.09.2020)
  • United Nations. (n.d.-c). The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement (Accessed on 12.09.2020)
  • WNA. (2011). Comparison of lifecycle Greenhouse Gas emissions of various electricity generation sources. June 2011. Retrieved from World Nuclear Association: http://www.world-nuclear.org/uploadedFiles/org/WNA/Publications/Working_Group_Reports/comparison_of_lifecycle.pdf (Accessed on 16.09.2020)
  • World Bank. (2020). Data bank. Retrieved from The World Bank: https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx (Accessed on 14.09.2020)
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Göktuğ Şahin 0000-0001-9925-9132

Muhammed Ali Taksim Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6487-4984

Burak Yitgin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8596-6466

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Ocak 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, G., Taksim, M. A., & Yitgin, B. (2021). EFFECTS OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL ON TURKEY’S ELECTRICITY MARKET. İşletme Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 40-58. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.835052

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