Araştırma Makalesi
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The role of self-efficacy in the relationship between role stress and cynicism: A study of academicians

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 122 - 138, 25.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1243957

Öz

In business life, role stress that arises when authorities and responsibilities are not clearly defined and being exposed to inconsistent expectations, leads to undesirable consequences for both employees and organizations over time. As stated in the literature, the expectations of the profession, especially in professions such as academicians that require multi-faceted responsibilities and personal competencies, can be a risk factor for role stress due to their nature. From this point of view, the aim of the study is to investigate whether the role stress of academicians influences organizational cynicism perceptions in the framework of the Resource Conservation Theory (COR), one of the leading general theories in stress-related studies, and to evaluate the effect of self-efficacy on this relationship. For this purpose, data were collected from 332 academic staff working in public and foundation universities in and around Istanbul. As a result of the difference and relationship analyzes, significant findings were obtained, and it was determined that the participants' self-efficacy levels is high. In addition, it was concluded that position is an important determinant of self-efficacy, and the effect of role stress on self-efficacy and organizational cynicism differs according to its dimensions. The findings reveal that role stress is an important antecedent leading to organizational cynicism and self-efficacy is an important personal characteristic for coping with role stress. With this study, it was concluded that it is important to both focus on interventions to protect and increase the self-efficacy of academicians and to design organizational structures that will not lead to role conflict and role ambiguity.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, O. M., Ishak, A. K., & Kamil, B. A. M. (2021). Academics' life satisfaction: The role of perceived stress, organisational justice and self-efficacy. International Journal of Management in Education, 15(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1504/IJMIE.2021.111811
  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
  • Alola, U. V., Asongu, S., & Alola, A. A. (2019). Linking supervisor incivility with job embeddedness and cynicism: The mediating role of employee self-efficacy. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 21(3), 330-352. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3509787
  • Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395-1418. doi: 10.1177/001872679604901102
  • Baig, J., Soon, N. K., Elmabrok, A. A., Shanker, S., Sirisa, N. M. X., & Ahmad, A. R. (2016). Causes of organizational cynicism and its consequence on teaching staff in Malaysia. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 1-4. doi: 10.17485/IJST%2F2016%2FV9IS1%2F110629
  • Bakioğlu, F., & Kiraz, Z. (2019). Burnout and wellbeing of teacher candidates: The mediator role of cynicism. Anales De Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 35(3), 521-528. doi: 10.6018/analesps.35.3.354441
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Bateman, T. S., Sakano, T., & Fujita, M. (1992). Roger, me, and my attitude: Film propaganda and cynicism toward corporate leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 768. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.768
  • Bellini, D., Ramaci, T., & Bonaiuto, M. (2015). The restorative effect of the environment on organizational cynicism and work engagement. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 3(03), 124. doi: 10.4236/jhrss.2015.33017
  • Brandes, P. M. (1997). Organizational cynicism: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences (Unpublished Doctorate Thesis)., Department of Management of the College of Business Administration, University of Cincinnati, USA.
  • Cherni, Z., & Gozen, A. (2021). The impact of positive psychological capital on organizational cynicism. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 7(1), 181.
  • Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I. S., Banks, G. C., & Lomeli, L. C. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(2), 181-197. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.03.007
  • Çiner, D., (2019). Akademisyenlerin stres kaynakları ve genel öz yeterlilik inançları arasındaki ilişki: Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi örneği (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Manisa, Türkiye.
  • Dale, K., & Fox, M. L. (2008). Leadership style and organizational commitment: Mediating effect of role stress. Journal of Managerial Issues, 109-130.
  • Dasgupta, P. (2012). Effect of role ambiguity, conflict and overload in private hospitals’ nurses’ burnout and mediation through self efficacy. Journal of Health Management, 14(4), 513-534. doi: 10.1177/0972063412468980
  • Erdoğan, P., & Murat, A. K. (2021). Örgütsel stres ve iş tatmini arasında psikolojik dayanıklılığın aracı rolü: Akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 433-442. doi: 10.18506/anemon.819651
  • Evans, W. R., Goodman, J. M., & Davis, W. D. (2010). The impact of perceived corporate citizenship on organizational cynicism, OCB, and employee deviance. Human Performance, 24(1), 79-97. doi: 10.1080/08959285.2010.530632
  • Göksel, A., & Tomruk, Z. (2016). Akademisyenlerde stres kaynakları ile stresle başa çıkmada ve stres durumunda gösterilen davranışların ilişkisi. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20(2), 315-343.
  • Güzeller, C.O. ve Kalağan, G. (2008). Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından Eğitim Örgütlerinde İncelenmesi. 16.Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Kongre Kitabı. Antalya: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. In S. Folkman (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping (pp. 127–147). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/OXFORDHB%2F9780195375343.013.0007
  • Hobfoll, S. E., & Freedy, J. (1993). Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. In Professional burnout (pp. 115-129). Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315227979-9
  • Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. John Wiley.
  • Kelloway, E. K., & Barling, J. (1991). Job characteristics, role stress and mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64(4), 291-304. doi: 10.1111/J.2044-8325.1991.TB00561.X
  • Kim, S., Jung, K., Noh, G., & Kang, L. K. (2019). What makes employees cynical in public organizations? Antecedents of organizational cynicism. Social Behavior and Personality: An ınternational Journal, 47(6), 1-10. doi: 10.2224/SBP.8011
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007a). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge (Vol. 198). Oxford: Oxford university press.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007b). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. doi: 10.1111/J.1744-6570.2007.00083.X
  • Naus, F., Van Iterson, A., & Roe, R. (2007). Organizational cynicism: Extending the exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect model of employees' responses to adverse conditions in the workplace. Human relations, 60(5), 683-718. doi: 10.1177/0018726707079198
  • O'Connell, B. J., Holzman, H., & Armandi, B. R. (1986). Police cynicism and the modes of adaptation. Journal of Police Science & Administration.
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual (6th Ed.). Open University Press.
  • Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 835. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.835
  • Prajogo, W., Kusumawati, H., & Wijaya, N. H. S. (2020). Organizational culture as determinant of employee-based antecedents to organizational cynicism. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 881-886. doi: 10.18510/hssr.2020.81105
  • Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 150-163. doi: 10.2307/2391486
  • Schaufeli, W., Leiter, M., Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. In: Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. and Leiter, M.P., Eds., The Maslach burnout ınventory: Test manual, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
  • Siegall, M. (2000). Putting the stress back into role stress: Improving the measurement of role conflict and role ambiguity. Journal of Managerial Psychology. doi: 10.1108/02683940010337176
  • Simbula, S., & Guglielmi, D. (2010). Depersonalization or cynicism, efficacy or inefficacy: what are the dimensions of teacher burnout?. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 25(3), 301-314. doi: 10.1007/s10212-010-0017-6
  • Simha, A., F. Elloy, D., & Huang, H. C. (2014). The moderated relationship between job burnout and organizational cynicism. Management Decision, 52(3), 482-504. doi: 10.1108/MD-08-2013-0422
  • Stamper, C. L., & Johlke, M. C. (2003). The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes. Journal of Management, 29(4), 569-588. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2063_03_00025-4
  • Stanley, D. J. (1998). Employee cynicism about organizational change: Development and validation of a measure (Unpublished Master Thesis). Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Western Ontario.
  • Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48, 1273-1296. doi: 10.1007/S11165-016-9602-2
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
  • Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), 301-328. doi: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240109
  • Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2004). Organizational stress through the lens of conservation of resources (COR) theory. In Exploring interpersonal dynamics (Vol. 4, pp. 167-220). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi: 10.1016/S1479-3555%2804%2904005-3
  • Yasin, T., & Khalid, S. (2015). Organizational cynicism, work related quality of life and organizational commitment in employees. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 9(2), 568-582.
  • Yu, M. C., Lin, C. C., & Hsu, S. Y. (2009). Stressors and burnout: The role of employee assistance programs and self-efficacy. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(3), 365-377. doi: 10.2224/SBP.2009.37.3.365
  • Yu, X., Wang, P., Zhai, X., Dai, H., & Yang, Q. (2015). The effect of work stress on job burnout among teachers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Indicators Research, 122(3), 701–708. doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0716-5
  • Zakaria, S., & Asmawi, A. (2015). Work responsibilities stress among academicians in private universities in Malaysia. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 6, 42-47. doi: 10.22610/JEVR.V6I2.187

Rol stresi ve sinizm ilişkisinde öz-yeterliliğin rolü: Akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 122 - 138, 25.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1243957

Öz

İş hayatında yetki ve sorumlulukların net tanımlanmadığı ve tutarsız beklentilere maruz kalındığında ortaya çıkan rol stresi zamanla hem çalışan hem de örgütler için istenmeyen sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Alan yazında da ifade edildiği gibi, bilhassa akademisyenlik gibi çok yönlü sorumluluklar ve kişisel yetkinlikler gerektiren mesleklerde mesleğin beklentileri doğası gereği rol stresi için risk unsuru olabilmektedir. Bu görüşten hareketle, çalışmanın amacı stresle ilgili çalışmalarda önde gelen teorilerden kaynakları koruma teorisi çerçevesinde akademisyenlerin rol streslerinin örgütsel sinizm algıları üzerinde etkili olup olmadığını araştırmak ve öz- yeterliliğin bu ilişkideki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, İstanbul ili ve çevresindeki kamu ve vakıf üniversitelerinde kadrolu olarak çalışan 332 öğretim elemanından veriler toplanmıştır. Yapılan fark ve ilişki analizleri sonucunda anlamlı bulgular elde edilmiş olup, katılımcıların öz-yeterlilik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten pozisyonun öz-yeterlilik ile ilgili önemli bir belirleyici olduğu, rol stresinin öz- yeterlilik ve örgütsel sinizm üzerindeki etkisinin boyutlarına göre farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular rol stresinin örgütsel sinizme yol açan önemli bir gerekçe olduğunu ve öz-yeterliliğin rol stresi ile baş etmek için önemli bir kişisel özellik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma ile hem akademisyenlerin öz-yeterliliklerini korumaya ve artırmaya yönelik müdahalelere odaklanmanın hem de rol çatışması ve rol belirsizliğine yol açmayacak örgütsel yapıların tasarlanmasının önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, O. M., Ishak, A. K., & Kamil, B. A. M. (2021). Academics' life satisfaction: The role of perceived stress, organisational justice and self-efficacy. International Journal of Management in Education, 15(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1504/IJMIE.2021.111811
  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
  • Alola, U. V., Asongu, S., & Alola, A. A. (2019). Linking supervisor incivility with job embeddedness and cynicism: The mediating role of employee self-efficacy. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 21(3), 330-352. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3509787
  • Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395-1418. doi: 10.1177/001872679604901102
  • Baig, J., Soon, N. K., Elmabrok, A. A., Shanker, S., Sirisa, N. M. X., & Ahmad, A. R. (2016). Causes of organizational cynicism and its consequence on teaching staff in Malaysia. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 1-4. doi: 10.17485/IJST%2F2016%2FV9IS1%2F110629
  • Bakioğlu, F., & Kiraz, Z. (2019). Burnout and wellbeing of teacher candidates: The mediator role of cynicism. Anales De Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 35(3), 521-528. doi: 10.6018/analesps.35.3.354441
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Bateman, T. S., Sakano, T., & Fujita, M. (1992). Roger, me, and my attitude: Film propaganda and cynicism toward corporate leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 768. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.768
  • Bellini, D., Ramaci, T., & Bonaiuto, M. (2015). The restorative effect of the environment on organizational cynicism and work engagement. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 3(03), 124. doi: 10.4236/jhrss.2015.33017
  • Brandes, P. M. (1997). Organizational cynicism: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences (Unpublished Doctorate Thesis)., Department of Management of the College of Business Administration, University of Cincinnati, USA.
  • Cherni, Z., & Gozen, A. (2021). The impact of positive psychological capital on organizational cynicism. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 7(1), 181.
  • Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I. S., Banks, G. C., & Lomeli, L. C. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(2), 181-197. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.03.007
  • Çiner, D., (2019). Akademisyenlerin stres kaynakları ve genel öz yeterlilik inançları arasındaki ilişki: Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi örneği (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Manisa, Türkiye.
  • Dale, K., & Fox, M. L. (2008). Leadership style and organizational commitment: Mediating effect of role stress. Journal of Managerial Issues, 109-130.
  • Dasgupta, P. (2012). Effect of role ambiguity, conflict and overload in private hospitals’ nurses’ burnout and mediation through self efficacy. Journal of Health Management, 14(4), 513-534. doi: 10.1177/0972063412468980
  • Erdoğan, P., & Murat, A. K. (2021). Örgütsel stres ve iş tatmini arasında psikolojik dayanıklılığın aracı rolü: Akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 433-442. doi: 10.18506/anemon.819651
  • Evans, W. R., Goodman, J. M., & Davis, W. D. (2010). The impact of perceived corporate citizenship on organizational cynicism, OCB, and employee deviance. Human Performance, 24(1), 79-97. doi: 10.1080/08959285.2010.530632
  • Göksel, A., & Tomruk, Z. (2016). Akademisyenlerde stres kaynakları ile stresle başa çıkmada ve stres durumunda gösterilen davranışların ilişkisi. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20(2), 315-343.
  • Güzeller, C.O. ve Kalağan, G. (2008). Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından Eğitim Örgütlerinde İncelenmesi. 16.Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Kongre Kitabı. Antalya: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. In S. Folkman (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping (pp. 127–147). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/OXFORDHB%2F9780195375343.013.0007
  • Hobfoll, S. E., & Freedy, J. (1993). Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. In Professional burnout (pp. 115-129). Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315227979-9
  • Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. John Wiley.
  • Kelloway, E. K., & Barling, J. (1991). Job characteristics, role stress and mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64(4), 291-304. doi: 10.1111/J.2044-8325.1991.TB00561.X
  • Kim, S., Jung, K., Noh, G., & Kang, L. K. (2019). What makes employees cynical in public organizations? Antecedents of organizational cynicism. Social Behavior and Personality: An ınternational Journal, 47(6), 1-10. doi: 10.2224/SBP.8011
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007a). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge (Vol. 198). Oxford: Oxford university press.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007b). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. doi: 10.1111/J.1744-6570.2007.00083.X
  • Naus, F., Van Iterson, A., & Roe, R. (2007). Organizational cynicism: Extending the exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect model of employees' responses to adverse conditions in the workplace. Human relations, 60(5), 683-718. doi: 10.1177/0018726707079198
  • O'Connell, B. J., Holzman, H., & Armandi, B. R. (1986). Police cynicism and the modes of adaptation. Journal of Police Science & Administration.
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual (6th Ed.). Open University Press.
  • Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 835. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.835
  • Prajogo, W., Kusumawati, H., & Wijaya, N. H. S. (2020). Organizational culture as determinant of employee-based antecedents to organizational cynicism. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 881-886. doi: 10.18510/hssr.2020.81105
  • Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 150-163. doi: 10.2307/2391486
  • Schaufeli, W., Leiter, M., Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. In: Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. and Leiter, M.P., Eds., The Maslach burnout ınventory: Test manual, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
  • Siegall, M. (2000). Putting the stress back into role stress: Improving the measurement of role conflict and role ambiguity. Journal of Managerial Psychology. doi: 10.1108/02683940010337176
  • Simbula, S., & Guglielmi, D. (2010). Depersonalization or cynicism, efficacy or inefficacy: what are the dimensions of teacher burnout?. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 25(3), 301-314. doi: 10.1007/s10212-010-0017-6
  • Simha, A., F. Elloy, D., & Huang, H. C. (2014). The moderated relationship between job burnout and organizational cynicism. Management Decision, 52(3), 482-504. doi: 10.1108/MD-08-2013-0422
  • Stamper, C. L., & Johlke, M. C. (2003). The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes. Journal of Management, 29(4), 569-588. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2063_03_00025-4
  • Stanley, D. J. (1998). Employee cynicism about organizational change: Development and validation of a measure (Unpublished Master Thesis). Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Western Ontario.
  • Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48, 1273-1296. doi: 10.1007/S11165-016-9602-2
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
  • Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), 301-328. doi: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240109
  • Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2004). Organizational stress through the lens of conservation of resources (COR) theory. In Exploring interpersonal dynamics (Vol. 4, pp. 167-220). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi: 10.1016/S1479-3555%2804%2904005-3
  • Yasin, T., & Khalid, S. (2015). Organizational cynicism, work related quality of life and organizational commitment in employees. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 9(2), 568-582.
  • Yu, M. C., Lin, C. C., & Hsu, S. Y. (2009). Stressors and burnout: The role of employee assistance programs and self-efficacy. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(3), 365-377. doi: 10.2224/SBP.2009.37.3.365
  • Yu, X., Wang, P., Zhai, X., Dai, H., & Yang, Q. (2015). The effect of work stress on job burnout among teachers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Indicators Research, 122(3), 701–708. doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0716-5
  • Zakaria, S., & Asmawi, A. (2015). Work responsibilities stress among academicians in private universities in Malaysia. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 6, 42-47. doi: 10.22610/JEVR.V6I2.187
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Öznur Ertosun 0000-0001-9339-2610

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ertosun, Ö. (2023). Rol stresi ve sinizm ilişkisinde öz-yeterliliğin rolü: Akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma. Business Economics and Management Research Journal, 6(1), 122-138. https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1243957

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