Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sorumlulukların Dengelenmesi: CBDR’nin Montreal Protokolü’ne Entegrasyonu

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 75 - 84, 31.12.2023

Öz

Ortak fakat farklılaştırılmış sorumluluklar ilkesi (CBDR), uluslararası çevre politikasının temel bir kavramı olarak gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin küresel çevre sorunlarına karşı paylaşılan ancak farklı sorumluluklarını tanımlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ozon Tabakasının Korunmasına Dair Viyana Sözleşmesi ve Montreal Protokolü tarafından kurulan uluslararası ozon rejimine CBDR ilkesinin nasıl entegre olduğunu incelemektedir. Bu makale uluslararası antlaşmalar, resmi raporlar ve akademik literatür kullanılarak, CBDR ilkesinin, ticaret yasakları, gelişmekte olan ülkeler için aşamalı sona erdirme takvimi ertelemeleri ve Çok Taraflı Fon gibi belirli mekanizmalar aracılığıyla nasıl işler hâle getirildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, CBDR ilkesinin ozon rejiminin çerçevesine somut bir şekilde dahil edilmesinin, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında küresel katılımı ve uyumu artıran, rejimin başarısında belirleyici bir faktör olduğunu savunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1. (1972). Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. United Nations.
  • Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1990). United Nations Treaty Series, 1598(26369), 469.
  • Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (2016). United Nations Treaty Series, 26369. https://trea-ties.un.org/doc/Treaties/2016/10/20161015%2003-23%20PM/Ch_XXVII-2.f-English%20and%20French.pdf
  • Andersen SO, Sarma KM. (2012). Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History. Earthscan Publications.
  • B.02.0.KKG/101-750/03761. (1994). Gerekçe. T.C. Başbakanlık Kanunlar ve Kararlar Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Biermann F., Simonis UE. (1999). The Multilateral Ozone Fund: A case study on institutional learning. International Journal of Social Eco-nomics, 26(1/2/3), 239–273.
  • Brack D. (1998). The Use of Trade Measures in the Montreal Protocol. In P. G. Le Prestre, J. D. Reid, & E. T. Morehouse (Eds.), Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects (pp. 99–107). Springer Science + Business Media LLC.
  • DeSombre ER. (2000). The Experience of the Montreal Protocol: Particularly Remarkable, and Remarkably Particular. UCLA Journal of En-vironmental Law and Policy, 19(1), 49–81.
  • DeSombre ER. (2006). Global Environmental Institutions. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • DeSombre ER., Kauffman J. (1993). The Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund: Partial Success Story. In R. O. Keohane & M. A. Levy (Eds.), Institutions for Environmental Aid: Pitfalls and Promise (pp. 121–126). MIT Press.
  • Directorate General for Climate Action (2023). Climate-friendly alternatives to HFCs. Energy, Climate Change, Environment. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/fluorinated-geenhouse-gases/climate-friendly-alternatives-hfcs_en
  • Epstein C. (2015). Common but differentiated responsibilities. In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/common-but-dif-ferentiated-responsibilities
  • Farman JC, Gardiner BG., Shanklin JD. (1985). Large Losses of Total Ozone in Antarctica Reveal Seasonal CLOx/NOx Interaction. Nature, 315(6016), 207–210.
  • Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (1997). United Nations Treaty Series, 2303(30822), 162.
  • Mitchell RB. (2002). International Environmental Agreements Database Project (Version 2020.1). https://iea.uoregon.edu/
  • Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone. (1987). United Nations Treaty Series, 1522(26369). https://treaties.un.org/doc/Trea-ties/1989/01/19890101%2003-25%20AM/Ch_XXVII_02_ap.pdfOECD (2008). OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms.
  • OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264055087-en
  • Paris Agreement (2015). United Nations Treaty Series, 3156(54113), 79.
  • Parson EA. (2003). Protecting the Ozone Layer: Science and Strategy. Oxford University Press.
  • Secretariat of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol (2022). Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. http://www.multilateralfund.org/default.aspx
  • Stolarski RS., Cicerona RJ. (1974). Stratospheric Chlorine: A Possible Sink for Ozone. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 52(8), 1610–1615.
  • Streck C., Keenlyside P., von Unger M. (2016). The Paris Agreement: A New Beginning. Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 13(1), 3–29. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01301002
  • UNEP (1999). Synthesis of the Reports of the Scientifc, Environmental Effects, and Technology and Economic Assessment Panels of the Montreal Protocol: A Decade of Assessments for Decision Makers Regarding the Protection of the Ozone Layer: 1988-1999. United Nations.
  • UNEP (2020). The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Treaties. https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol, (Access Date: 24.11.2023).
  • UNEP/OzL.Pro.1/5. (1989). First Meeting of Parties to The Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer (UNEP/OzL.Pro.1/5). United Nations.
  • UNEP/OzL.Pro.2/3. (1990). Second Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (UNEP/OzL.Pro.2/3). United Nations.
  • UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/5/16. (1991). Report of the Fifth Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Interim Multilateral Fund for the Imple-mentation of the Montreal Protocol (UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/5/16). United Nations.
  • UNEP/WG.151/2. (1986). Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Preparation of a Protocol on Chlorofluoocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Group) (UNEP/WG.151/2). United Nations.
  • UNEP/WG.167/2. (1987). Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Preparation of a Protocol on Chlorofluoocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Group) (UNEP/WG.167/2). United Nations.
  • UNEP/WG.172/2. (1987). Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Preparation of a Protocol on Chlorofluoocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Group) (UNEP/WG.172/2). United Nations.
  • Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). United Nations Treaty Series, 1513(26164), 293.

Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 75 - 84, 31.12.2023

Öz

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) has been a central concept in international environmental politics, recognizing the shared yet distinct responsibilities of developed and developing countries in addressing global environmental challenges. This study delves into the practical application of the CBDR principle within the international ozone regime, primarily established by the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol. Employing a content analysis of key international treaties, official reports, and academic literature, this paper reveals how the CBDR principle is operationalized through specific mechanisms like trade bans, phase down/phaseout schedule postponements for developing countries, and the Multilateral Fund. It argues that the tangible incorporation of CBDR into the regime’s framework is a pivotal factor in its success, enhancing global participation and compliance, particularly among developing countries.

Kaynakça

  • A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1. (1972). Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. United Nations.
  • Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1990). United Nations Treaty Series, 1598(26369), 469.
  • Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (2016). United Nations Treaty Series, 26369. https://trea-ties.un.org/doc/Treaties/2016/10/20161015%2003-23%20PM/Ch_XXVII-2.f-English%20and%20French.pdf
  • Andersen SO, Sarma KM. (2012). Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History. Earthscan Publications.
  • B.02.0.KKG/101-750/03761. (1994). Gerekçe. T.C. Başbakanlık Kanunlar ve Kararlar Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Biermann F., Simonis UE. (1999). The Multilateral Ozone Fund: A case study on institutional learning. International Journal of Social Eco-nomics, 26(1/2/3), 239–273.
  • Brack D. (1998). The Use of Trade Measures in the Montreal Protocol. In P. G. Le Prestre, J. D. Reid, & E. T. Morehouse (Eds.), Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects (pp. 99–107). Springer Science + Business Media LLC.
  • DeSombre ER. (2000). The Experience of the Montreal Protocol: Particularly Remarkable, and Remarkably Particular. UCLA Journal of En-vironmental Law and Policy, 19(1), 49–81.
  • DeSombre ER. (2006). Global Environmental Institutions. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • DeSombre ER., Kauffman J. (1993). The Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund: Partial Success Story. In R. O. Keohane & M. A. Levy (Eds.), Institutions for Environmental Aid: Pitfalls and Promise (pp. 121–126). MIT Press.
  • Directorate General for Climate Action (2023). Climate-friendly alternatives to HFCs. Energy, Climate Change, Environment. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/fluorinated-geenhouse-gases/climate-friendly-alternatives-hfcs_en
  • Epstein C. (2015). Common but differentiated responsibilities. In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/common-but-dif-ferentiated-responsibilities
  • Farman JC, Gardiner BG., Shanklin JD. (1985). Large Losses of Total Ozone in Antarctica Reveal Seasonal CLOx/NOx Interaction. Nature, 315(6016), 207–210.
  • Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (1997). United Nations Treaty Series, 2303(30822), 162.
  • Mitchell RB. (2002). International Environmental Agreements Database Project (Version 2020.1). https://iea.uoregon.edu/
  • Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone. (1987). United Nations Treaty Series, 1522(26369). https://treaties.un.org/doc/Trea-ties/1989/01/19890101%2003-25%20AM/Ch_XXVII_02_ap.pdfOECD (2008). OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms.
  • OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264055087-en
  • Paris Agreement (2015). United Nations Treaty Series, 3156(54113), 79.
  • Parson EA. (2003). Protecting the Ozone Layer: Science and Strategy. Oxford University Press.
  • Secretariat of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol (2022). Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. http://www.multilateralfund.org/default.aspx
  • Stolarski RS., Cicerona RJ. (1974). Stratospheric Chlorine: A Possible Sink for Ozone. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 52(8), 1610–1615.
  • Streck C., Keenlyside P., von Unger M. (2016). The Paris Agreement: A New Beginning. Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 13(1), 3–29. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01301002
  • UNEP (1999). Synthesis of the Reports of the Scientifc, Environmental Effects, and Technology and Economic Assessment Panels of the Montreal Protocol: A Decade of Assessments for Decision Makers Regarding the Protection of the Ozone Layer: 1988-1999. United Nations.
  • UNEP (2020). The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Treaties. https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol, (Access Date: 24.11.2023).
  • UNEP/OzL.Pro.1/5. (1989). First Meeting of Parties to The Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer (UNEP/OzL.Pro.1/5). United Nations.
  • UNEP/OzL.Pro.2/3. (1990). Second Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (UNEP/OzL.Pro.2/3). United Nations.
  • UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/5/16. (1991). Report of the Fifth Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Interim Multilateral Fund for the Imple-mentation of the Montreal Protocol (UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/5/16). United Nations.
  • UNEP/WG.151/2. (1986). Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Preparation of a Protocol on Chlorofluoocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Group) (UNEP/WG.151/2). United Nations.
  • UNEP/WG.167/2. (1987). Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Preparation of a Protocol on Chlorofluoocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Group) (UNEP/WG.167/2). United Nations.
  • UNEP/WG.172/2. (1987). Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Preparation of a Protocol on Chlorofluoocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Group) (UNEP/WG.172/2). United Nations.
  • Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). United Nations Treaty Series, 1513(26164), 293.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Yönetimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sefa Öztürk 0000-0002-1467-2962

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, S. (2023). Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi, 3(2), 75-84.
AMA Öztürk S. Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol. Çevre. Aralık 2023;3(2):75-84.
Chicago Öztürk, Sefa. “Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol”. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 75-84.
EndNote Öztürk S (01 Aralık 2023) Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi 3 2 75–84.
IEEE S. Öztürk, “Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol”, Çevre, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 75–84, 2023.
ISNAD Öztürk, Sefa. “Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol”. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi 3/2 (Aralık 2023), 75-84.
JAMA Öztürk S. Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol. Çevre. 2023;3:75–84.
MLA Öztürk, Sefa. “Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol”. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 75-84.
Vancouver Öztürk S. Balancing Responsibilities: The Integration of CBDR in the Montreal Protocol. Çevre. 2023;3(2):75-84.