AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON THE LIMITS OF DAWN AND FAJR

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 52 Sayı: 2, 31 - 42, 01.06.2016

SACİT Özdemir İLHAMİ Așıkkaya

Öz

The exact time of many worship in Islam is depend on the appearance of some certain astronomical events. Some restricted times for worship, as well as makruh hours, are determined by the related celestial events. For instance; (i) start timThe exact time of many
worship in Islam is depend
on the appearance of some
certain astronomical events.
Some restricted times for
worship, as well as makruh
hours, are determined by
the related celestial events.
For instance; (i) start time
of abstinence, i.e., beginning
of fajr, (ii) sighting of
crescent (Ru’yet-i Hilâl)
moon, which adjusts the
beginning of hijri months,
(iii) the horizontal position
of the Sun in the celestial
sphere, which determines
the preliminary and
termination hours of the
salah, the main worship,
(iv) standing in the eve day
in Arafat during Hajj, i.e.,
9 Dhu'l-Hijja. Moreover,
some prohibited (makruh)
time intervals of performing
any worship such as
fasting in the Eid al Fitr
and Eid al Adha, performing
salah during sunset and
sunrise, etc., are all defi ned
by appearance of certain
astronomical events. In this
context, the implications
of astronomical observations
are very essential on
Islamic opinions.
In the present study, precise
time determinations of
dawn and fajr events
performed on the basis
of modern astronomical
methods are given and
interpreted. e of abstinence, i.e., beginning of fajr, (ii) sighting of crescent (Ru’yet-i Hilâl) moon, which adjusts the beginning of hijri months, (iii) the horizontal position of the Sun in the celestial sphere, which determines the preliminary and termination hours of the salah, the main worship, (iv) standing in the eve day in Arafat during Hajj, i.e., 9 Dhu'l-Hijja. Moreover, some prohibited (makruh)

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fajr, Dawn, astronomical photometry

İMSAK ve TAN VAKİTLERİNİN GÖZLEMSEL YOLLA TESPİTİ

Öz

slâm dinindeki pek çok ibadet vakti, astronomik
olayların teşekkül edişine göre belirlenir. İbadetlerin
yerine getirilmesi kadar, kerahet vakitleri gibi kısıtlamalar
da yine gök olaylarının gerçekleşme durumuna
göre belirlenmiştir. Örnek vermek gerekirse, (i) oruca
başlama (ya da sabahın başlangıç) vakti olan imsak
olayı, (ii) hicrî takvimdeki aybaşlarını belirleyen
Rü’yet-i hilâl olayı, (iii) en temel ibadet olan namazın
giriş – çıkış vakitlerini belirleyen Güneş’in ufka göre
konumu, (iv) Hac’da vakfe (9 Zilhicce, arife) günü
gösterilebilir. Hatta bazı ibadetlerin yapılmasının
mekruh olduğu (Bayram günü oruçlu olmak, Güneş
doğup batarken namaz kılmak vs. gibi) vakitler bile,
tamamen astronomik gök olaylarıyla tespit edilmektedir.
Bu bağlamda, İslâm dini açısından astronomi
biliminin önemi göz ardı edilemez.
Bu çalışmada, tan ve fecr vakitlerinin duyarlı bir
şekilde, modern astronomik yöntemlere dayalı olarak,
gözlemsel yolla nasıl tespit edildiği anlatılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fecir, Tan, Astronomik ışıkölçüm