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GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 0 - , 19.02.2013

Öz

Bu çalışmada, İzmir ilinde yatay yüzey üzerine gelen, günlük toplam ve yayılı güneş ışınım değerleri ölçülerek,güneş enerjisi toplayıcılarının optimum eğim açısı, zamana bağlı olarak 0o ile 61o arasında hesaplanmıştır. Kışaylarında optimum eğim açısının 55,7o, ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylarında 18,3o-43o, yaz aylarında ise 4,3o olduğuortaya konmuştur. Bütün yıl boyunca sabit optimum eğim açısı değeri ise 30,3o olarak elde edilmiştir. Ölçülen budeğerler, optimum eğim açısı hesaplama yöntemleriyle karşılaştırılmış ve 2,87o ile 5,9o arasında değişensapmalar gözlenmiştir. 3o’nin üzerinde gözlenen sapmaların elde edildiği eşitliklerin uygun olmadığı sonucunaulaşılmıştır. Bütün aylar için, optimum eğim açısına ayarlanmış güneş enerjisi toplayıcılarının optimum yüzeyazimut açısı () değeri 0o bulunmuştur. Güneş ışınımından en fazla faydalanmak için, Nisan ayında, eğim açısı(β60°) seçilen toplayıcılarda (=± 60°), Mayıs ve Ağustos aylarında eğim açısı (β40°) seçilen toplayıcılarda(= ±75°), Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında eğim açısı (β30°) seçilen toplayıcılarda (= ±90°), Eylül ayında iseeğim açısı (β70°) seçilen toplayıcılarda (= ±45°) olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • EİE., “Türkiye’nin Güneş Enerjisi Potansiyeli”,
  • http://www.eie.gov.tr., 2007.
  • Ulgen, K., “Optimum tilt angle for solar
  • collectors”, Energy Source Part A, Cilt 28,
  • -1180, 2006.
  • Enerji ve Doğal Kaynaklar Bakanlığı,
  • http://www.energy.gov.tr., 2007.
  • İnan, D., “Time to initiate new steps for
  • conversions of solar energy”, Standard, 36-39,
  • -
  • Heywood, H., “Operational experience with
  • solar water heating”, J. Inst Heat Vent
  • Energy, Cilt 39, 63-69, 1971.
  • Lund, P.J., Solar Thermal Engineering, New
  • York, Wiley, 1980.
  • Garg, H.P., “Treative on Solar Energy,
  • Volume 1: Fundamentals of Solar Energy”.
  • New York, Wiley, 1982.
  • Duffie, J.A., Beckman, W.A., Solar
  • Engineering of Thermal Processes, New
  • York, Wiley, 1991.
  • Kern, J., Harris, L., “On the optimum tilt of a
  • solar collector”, Solar Energy, Cilt 17, No 2,
  • -102, 1975.
  • Iqbal, M., “Optimum collector slope for
  • residential heating in adverse climates” Solar
  • Energy, Cilt 22, No 1, 77-79, 1979.
  • Chiou, J.P., El-Naggar, M.M., “Optimum slope
  • for solar insolation on flat surface tilted toward
  • the equator in heating season”, Solar Energy,
  • Cilt 36, No 5, 471-478, 1986.
  • Elsayed, M.M., “Optimum orientation of
  • absorber plates”, Solar Energy, Cilt 42, 89-
  • , 1989.
  • Tiris, M., Tiris, C., “Optimum collector slope
  • and model evaluation: case study for Gebze,
  • Turkey”, Energy Conversation and
  • Management, Cilt 39, No 3, 167-172,1998.
  • Tiris, M., Tiris, C., “Effect of collector
  • orientation on solar energy availability”,
  • Energy Conversation and Management, Cilt
  • , No 8, 843-852, 1998.
  • Bari, S., “Optimum slope angle and orientation
  • of solar collectors for different periods of
  • possible utilization”, Energy Conversation
  • and Management, Cilt 41, 855-860, 2000.
  • Bari, S., “Optimum orientation of domestic
  • solar water heaters for the low latitude
  • countries”, Energy Conversation and
  • Management, Cilt 42, 1205-1214, 2001.
  • Yakup, M.A., Malik, A.Q.,“Optimum tilt angle
  • and orientation for solar collector in Brunei
  • Darussalam”,Renewable Energy, Cilt 24, No
  • , 223-234, 2001.
  • Lewis, G., “Optimum tilt of solar collectors”,
  • Solar and Wind Technology, Cilt 4, No 3,
  • -410, 1987.
  • Gueymard, C., “An isotropic solar irradiance
  • model for tilted surfaces and its comparison
  • with selected engineering algorithms”, Solar
  • Energy, Cilt 38, 367-86, 1987.
  • El-Kassaby, M.M., “Monthly and daily
  • optimum tilt model, experimental and empirical
  • correlations”, Solar and Wind Technology,
  • Cilt 5, No 6, 589–596, 1988.
  • Nijegorodov, N., Devan, K.R.S., Jain, P.K.,
  • “Atmospheric transmittance models and an
  • analytical method to predict the optimum slope
  • on an absorber plate, variously orientated at
  • any latitude”, Renewable Energy, Cilt 4, No 5,
  • -543, 1994.
  • Al-Dabbas, M.A., “An experimental,
  • mathematical model & computer program
  • developed for isotropic and anisotropic
  • modeling of tilt and azimuth angles of solar
  • radiation in Amman, Jordan”, Australian
  • Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Cilt
  • , No 4, 1186-1203, 2008.
  • Muschavek, J., Spirkl, W., Timinger, A., Benz,
  • N., Dörfler, M., Gut, M., Köse, E., “Optimized
  • reflectors for non-tracking solar collectors with
  • tubular absorbers”, Solar Energy, Cilt 68, No
  • , 151-159, 2000.
  • Hartley, L.E., Martinez-Lozano, J.A., Utrillas,
  • M.P., Tena, F., Pedrós, R., “The optimization
  • of the angle of inclination of a solar collector to
  • maximize the incident solar radiation”,
  • Renewable Energy, Cilt 17, 291-309, 1999.
  • Shariah, A., Al-Akhras, M.A., Al-Omari, I.A.,
  • “Optimizing the tilt angle of solar collectors”,
  • Renewable Energy, Cilt 26, 587-598, 2002.
  • Chow, T.T., Chan, A.S., “Numerical study of
  • desirable solar collector orientations for coastal
  • region of South China”, Applied Energy, Cilt
  • , 249-260, 2004.
  • Hussein, H.M.S., Ahmad, G.E., El-Ghetany,
  • H.H., “Performance evaluation of photovoltaic
  • modules at different tilt angles and
  • orientations”, Energy Conversation and
  • Management, Cilt 45, 2441-2452, 2004.
  • Kacira, M., Simsek, M., Babur, Y., Demirkol,
  • S., “Determining optimum tilt angles and
  • orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa,
  • Turkey”, Renewable Energy, Cilt 29, 1265–
  • , 2004.
  • Elminir, H.K., Ghitas, A.E., El-Hussainy, F.,
  • Hamid, R., Beheary, M.M., Abdel-M, K.M.,
  • “Optimum solar flat-plate collector slope: case
  • study for Helwan, Egypt”, Energy
  • Conversation and Management, Cilt 47, 624–
  • , 2006.
  • Shu, N., Kameda, N., Kishida, Y., Sonoda, H.,
  • ,“Experimental and theoretical study on the
  • optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels”,
  • Journal of Asian Architecture and Building
  • Engineering, Cilt 5, 399-405, 2006.
  • Li, D.H.W., Lam, T.N.T., “Determining the
  • optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar
  • energy collection based on measured solar
  • radiance data”, International Journal of
  • Photoenergy, Cilt 85, 402-9, 2007.
  • Gunerhan, H., Hepbasli A.,“Determination of
  • the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for
  • building applications”, Building and
  • Environment, Cilt 42,779–83, 2007.
  • Mondol, J.D., Yohanis, Y.G., Norton, B., “The
  • impact of array inclination and orientation on
  • the performance of a grid-connected
  • photovoltaic system”, Renewable Energy, Cilt
  • , 118-140, 2007.
  • Ertekin, C., Evrendilek, F., Kulcu,
  • R.,“Modeling spatio-temporal dynamics of
  • optimum tilt angles for solar collectors in
  • Turkey”, Sensors, Cilt 8, 2913-2931, 2008.
  • Chang, T.P., “The Sun’s apparent position and
  • the optimal tilt angle of a solar collector in the
  • northern hemisphere”, Solar Energy, Cilt 83,
  • -1284, 2009.
  • Chang, T.P., “Performance evaluation for solar
  • collectors in Taiwan”, Energy, Cilt 34, 32-40,
  • -
  • Skeiker, K.,”Optimum tilt angle and orientation
  • for solar collectors in Syria”, Energy
  • Conversation and Management, Cilt 50,
  • -2448, 2009.
  • Mehleri, E.D., Zervas, P.I., Sarimveis, H.,
  • Palivos, J.A., Markatos, N.C. “Determination
  • of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for
  • solar photovoltaic arrays”, Renewable Energy,
  • Cilt 35, 2468-2475, 2010.
  • Benghanem, M., “Optimization of tilt angle for
  • solar panel, Case study for Madinah, Saudi
  • Arabia”, Applied Energy, Cilt 88, 1427-1433,
  • -
  • Talebizadeh, P., Mehrabian, M.A.,
  • Abdolzadeh, M., “Prediction of optimum slope
  • and surface azimuth angles using the generic
  • algorithm”, Energy and Buildings, Cilt 43, No
  • , 2998-3005, 2011.
  • O. Turgut, “Yatay jaluzili, aktif güneş ısıtıcılı,
  • hava-tutuculu pencerenin ısıl performansının
  • deneysel olarak incelenmesi”, Journal of the
  • Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of
  • Gazi University, Cilt 17, No 4, 71-82, 2002.
  • Liu, B.H., Jordan, R.C., “The interrelationship,
  • characteristics, and distribution of direct,
  • diffuse and total solar radiation”, Solar
  • Energy, Cilt 4, 1-10, 1960.
  • Bulut, H., “Bina enerji analizi ve güneş enerji
  • sistemleri için eğimli yüzeylere gelen toplam
  • güneş ışınım değerlerinin hesaplanması”,
  • Teskon 2009 IX.Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği
  • Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 435-448, Izmir,
  • -
  • Firatoglu, Z., Yesilata B., “ New approaches on
  • the optimization of directly coupled PV
  • pumping systems, Solar Energy, Cilt 77, 81-
  • , 2004.
Yıl 2012, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 0 - , 19.02.2013

Öz

Kaynakça

  • EİE., “Türkiye’nin Güneş Enerjisi Potansiyeli”,
  • http://www.eie.gov.tr., 2007.
  • Ulgen, K., “Optimum tilt angle for solar
  • collectors”, Energy Source Part A, Cilt 28,
  • -1180, 2006.
  • Enerji ve Doğal Kaynaklar Bakanlığı,
  • http://www.energy.gov.tr., 2007.
  • İnan, D., “Time to initiate new steps for
  • conversions of solar energy”, Standard, 36-39,
  • -
  • Heywood, H., “Operational experience with
  • solar water heating”, J. Inst Heat Vent
  • Energy, Cilt 39, 63-69, 1971.
  • Lund, P.J., Solar Thermal Engineering, New
  • York, Wiley, 1980.
  • Garg, H.P., “Treative on Solar Energy,
  • Volume 1: Fundamentals of Solar Energy”.
  • New York, Wiley, 1982.
  • Duffie, J.A., Beckman, W.A., Solar
  • Engineering of Thermal Processes, New
  • York, Wiley, 1991.
  • Kern, J., Harris, L., “On the optimum tilt of a
  • solar collector”, Solar Energy, Cilt 17, No 2,
  • -102, 1975.
  • Iqbal, M., “Optimum collector slope for
  • residential heating in adverse climates” Solar
  • Energy, Cilt 22, No 1, 77-79, 1979.
  • Chiou, J.P., El-Naggar, M.M., “Optimum slope
  • for solar insolation on flat surface tilted toward
  • the equator in heating season”, Solar Energy,
  • Cilt 36, No 5, 471-478, 1986.
  • Elsayed, M.M., “Optimum orientation of
  • absorber plates”, Solar Energy, Cilt 42, 89-
  • , 1989.
  • Tiris, M., Tiris, C., “Optimum collector slope
  • and model evaluation: case study for Gebze,
  • Turkey”, Energy Conversation and
  • Management, Cilt 39, No 3, 167-172,1998.
  • Tiris, M., Tiris, C., “Effect of collector
  • orientation on solar energy availability”,
  • Energy Conversation and Management, Cilt
  • , No 8, 843-852, 1998.
  • Bari, S., “Optimum slope angle and orientation
  • of solar collectors for different periods of
  • possible utilization”, Energy Conversation
  • and Management, Cilt 41, 855-860, 2000.
  • Bari, S., “Optimum orientation of domestic
  • solar water heaters for the low latitude
  • countries”, Energy Conversation and
  • Management, Cilt 42, 1205-1214, 2001.
  • Yakup, M.A., Malik, A.Q.,“Optimum tilt angle
  • and orientation for solar collector in Brunei
  • Darussalam”,Renewable Energy, Cilt 24, No
  • , 223-234, 2001.
  • Lewis, G., “Optimum tilt of solar collectors”,
  • Solar and Wind Technology, Cilt 4, No 3,
  • -410, 1987.
  • Gueymard, C., “An isotropic solar irradiance
  • model for tilted surfaces and its comparison
  • with selected engineering algorithms”, Solar
  • Energy, Cilt 38, 367-86, 1987.
  • El-Kassaby, M.M., “Monthly and daily
  • optimum tilt model, experimental and empirical
  • correlations”, Solar and Wind Technology,
  • Cilt 5, No 6, 589–596, 1988.
  • Nijegorodov, N., Devan, K.R.S., Jain, P.K.,
  • “Atmospheric transmittance models and an
  • analytical method to predict the optimum slope
  • on an absorber plate, variously orientated at
  • any latitude”, Renewable Energy, Cilt 4, No 5,
  • -543, 1994.
  • Al-Dabbas, M.A., “An experimental,
  • mathematical model & computer program
  • developed for isotropic and anisotropic
  • modeling of tilt and azimuth angles of solar
  • radiation in Amman, Jordan”, Australian
  • Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Cilt
  • , No 4, 1186-1203, 2008.
  • Muschavek, J., Spirkl, W., Timinger, A., Benz,
  • N., Dörfler, M., Gut, M., Köse, E., “Optimized
  • reflectors for non-tracking solar collectors with
  • tubular absorbers”, Solar Energy, Cilt 68, No
  • , 151-159, 2000.
  • Hartley, L.E., Martinez-Lozano, J.A., Utrillas,
  • M.P., Tena, F., Pedrós, R., “The optimization
  • of the angle of inclination of a solar collector to
  • maximize the incident solar radiation”,
  • Renewable Energy, Cilt 17, 291-309, 1999.
  • Shariah, A., Al-Akhras, M.A., Al-Omari, I.A.,
  • “Optimizing the tilt angle of solar collectors”,
  • Renewable Energy, Cilt 26, 587-598, 2002.
  • Chow, T.T., Chan, A.S., “Numerical study of
  • desirable solar collector orientations for coastal
  • region of South China”, Applied Energy, Cilt
  • , 249-260, 2004.
  • Hussein, H.M.S., Ahmad, G.E., El-Ghetany,
  • H.H., “Performance evaluation of photovoltaic
  • modules at different tilt angles and
  • orientations”, Energy Conversation and
  • Management, Cilt 45, 2441-2452, 2004.
  • Kacira, M., Simsek, M., Babur, Y., Demirkol,
  • S., “Determining optimum tilt angles and
  • orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa,
  • Turkey”, Renewable Energy, Cilt 29, 1265–
  • , 2004.
  • Elminir, H.K., Ghitas, A.E., El-Hussainy, F.,
  • Hamid, R., Beheary, M.M., Abdel-M, K.M.,
  • “Optimum solar flat-plate collector slope: case
  • study for Helwan, Egypt”, Energy
  • Conversation and Management, Cilt 47, 624–
  • , 2006.
  • Shu, N., Kameda, N., Kishida, Y., Sonoda, H.,
  • ,“Experimental and theoretical study on the
  • optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels”,
  • Journal of Asian Architecture and Building
  • Engineering, Cilt 5, 399-405, 2006.
  • Li, D.H.W., Lam, T.N.T., “Determining the
  • optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar
  • energy collection based on measured solar
  • radiance data”, International Journal of
  • Photoenergy, Cilt 85, 402-9, 2007.
  • Gunerhan, H., Hepbasli A.,“Determination of
  • the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for
  • building applications”, Building and
  • Environment, Cilt 42,779–83, 2007.
  • Mondol, J.D., Yohanis, Y.G., Norton, B., “The
  • impact of array inclination and orientation on
  • the performance of a grid-connected
  • photovoltaic system”, Renewable Energy, Cilt
  • , 118-140, 2007.
  • Ertekin, C., Evrendilek, F., Kulcu,
  • R.,“Modeling spatio-temporal dynamics of
  • optimum tilt angles for solar collectors in
  • Turkey”, Sensors, Cilt 8, 2913-2931, 2008.
  • Chang, T.P., “The Sun’s apparent position and
  • the optimal tilt angle of a solar collector in the
  • northern hemisphere”, Solar Energy, Cilt 83,
  • -1284, 2009.
  • Chang, T.P., “Performance evaluation for solar
  • collectors in Taiwan”, Energy, Cilt 34, 32-40,
  • -
  • Skeiker, K.,”Optimum tilt angle and orientation
  • for solar collectors in Syria”, Energy
  • Conversation and Management, Cilt 50,
  • -2448, 2009.
  • Mehleri, E.D., Zervas, P.I., Sarimveis, H.,
  • Palivos, J.A., Markatos, N.C. “Determination
  • of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for
  • solar photovoltaic arrays”, Renewable Energy,
  • Cilt 35, 2468-2475, 2010.
  • Benghanem, M., “Optimization of tilt angle for
  • solar panel, Case study for Madinah, Saudi
  • Arabia”, Applied Energy, Cilt 88, 1427-1433,
  • -
  • Talebizadeh, P., Mehrabian, M.A.,
  • Abdolzadeh, M., “Prediction of optimum slope
  • and surface azimuth angles using the generic
  • algorithm”, Energy and Buildings, Cilt 43, No
  • , 2998-3005, 2011.
  • O. Turgut, “Yatay jaluzili, aktif güneş ısıtıcılı,
  • hava-tutuculu pencerenin ısıl performansının
  • deneysel olarak incelenmesi”, Journal of the
  • Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of
  • Gazi University, Cilt 17, No 4, 71-82, 2002.
  • Liu, B.H., Jordan, R.C., “The interrelationship,
  • characteristics, and distribution of direct,
  • diffuse and total solar radiation”, Solar
  • Energy, Cilt 4, 1-10, 1960.
  • Bulut, H., “Bina enerji analizi ve güneş enerji
  • sistemleri için eğimli yüzeylere gelen toplam
  • güneş ışınım değerlerinin hesaplanması”,
  • Teskon 2009 IX.Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği
  • Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 435-448, Izmir,
  • -
  • Firatoglu, Z., Yesilata B., “ New approaches on
  • the optimization of directly coupled PV
  • pumping systems, Solar Energy, Cilt 77, 81-
  • , 2004.
Toplam 178 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erkan Kaçan Bu kişi benim

Koray Ülgen

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Şubat 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Şubat 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaçan, E., & Ülgen, K. (2013). GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(4).
AMA Kaçan E, Ülgen K. GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ. GUMMFD. Mart 2013;27(4).
Chicago Kaçan, Erkan, ve Koray Ülgen. “GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 27, sy. 4 (Mart 2013).
EndNote Kaçan E, Ülgen K (01 Mart 2013) GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 27 4
IEEE E. Kaçan ve K. Ülgen, “GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ”, GUMMFD, c. 27, sy. 4, 2013.
ISNAD Kaçan, Erkan - Ülgen, Koray. “GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 27/4 (Mart 2013).
JAMA Kaçan E, Ülgen K. GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ. GUMMFD. 2013;27.
MLA Kaçan, Erkan ve Koray Ülgen. “GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 4, 2013.
Vancouver Kaçan E, Ülgen K. GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ. GUMMFD. 2013;27(4).