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Kanser Tedavisinde Lenfatik Hedeflendirme

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 1, 67 - 90, 01.01.2012

Öz

Kanser; kontrolsüz bölünen ve diğer dokulara yayılabilme özelliği olan anormal hücrelerin oluşturduğu hastalıklar için kullanılan bir terimdir. Kanser tedavisinde radyoterapi, ameliyat ve kemoterapi gibi yöntemler kullanılır. Kemoterapi; kanser hastalarında önemli yan etkilere neden olur. Bu nedenle; tümörlü dokuya özgü ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlere ihtiyaç duyulur. İlacın sağlıklı dokularda daha az birikmesinin ve tümörlü bölgede tercihen yoğunlaşmasının bir sonucu olarak ilaç toksisitesi azalır. Bu sistemlere örnek olarak; lipozomlar, miseller, mikro-nanopartiküler sistemler verilebilir. Kanser hücreleri vücudun diğer organlarına kan ve lenf yoluyla yayılırlar. İlacın lenfatik sisteme hedeflendirilmesinin bir sonucu olarak kanser hücrelerinin çevre dokulara yayılması önlenebilir. Bu derlemede öncelikle; kanser hakkında temel bilgiler verilmekte; daha sonra ise; bu konuda yapılmış güncel çalışmalar ve araştırmalar ışığında kanser tedavisinde ilacın hedeflendirilmesinin önemi ve lenfatik hedeflendirmeden nasıl yararlanılabileceği anlatılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789283204237_tur_p1-104.pdf
  • http://www.kanser.gov.tr/folders/file/8iL-2006-SON.pdf
  • Kutluk T., Kars A. (Editörler) , Kanser Konusunda Genel Bilgiler, Ankara, Türk Kanser Araştırma ve Savaş Kurumu Yayınları, (1994), sayfa 26 .
  • www.cancervic.org.au/downloads/other_languages/turkish/Cancer_WhatIs.pdf
  • http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/cancergenomics/page49
  • Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W.: Cancer genes and the pathways they control, Nat Med, 10, 789 (2004).
  • http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53
  • http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/metastatic
  • Hart, I. R., “Metastasis”, Souhami R. L., Tannock, I., Hohenberger, P., Horiot, J.C. (Eds), Oxford Textbook of Oncology Second Edition, New York, Oxford University Press, (2002), cilt I, sayfa 103.
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  • Leaf, C.: Why we are losing the war on cancer (and how to win it) , Fortune, 149, 84 (2004).
  • Jain, R. K.: Molecular regulation of vessel maturation, Nat Med, 9, 685 (2003).
  • Hashizume, H., Baluk, P., Morikawa, S., McLean, J. W., Thurston, G., Roberge, S., Jain, R. K., McDonald, D. M.: Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness, Am J Pathol , 156, 1363 (2000).
  • Yuan, F., Dellian, M., Fukumura, D., Leunig, M., Berk, D. A., Torchilin, V. P., Jain, R. K.: Vascular permeability in a human tumor xenograft: Molecular size dependence and cutoff size, Cancer Res , 55, 3752 (1995).
  • Wu, J., Akaike, T., Maeda, H.: Modulation of enhanced vascular permeability in tumors by a bradykinin antagonist, a cyclooxygenase ınhibitor, and a nitric oxide scavenger, Cancer Res, 58 (1998).
  • Kopecek, J., Kopeckova, P., Minko, T., Lu, Z.R., Peterson, C.M.: Water soluble polymers in tumor targeted delivery, J Control Release, 74, 147 (2001).
  • Alberto, A., Gabizon, M. D. : Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: Metamorphosis of an old drug into a new form of chemotherapy, Cancer Invest , 19, 424 (2001).
  • Matsumura, Y., Maeda, H.: A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: Mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs, Cancer Res, 46, 6387 (1986).
  • Fukumura, D., Jain, R. K.: Tumor microvasculature and microenvironment: Targets for antiangiogenesis and normalization, Microvasc Res, 74, 72 (2007).
  • Harris, A. L.: Hypoxia - a key regulatory factor in tumour growth, Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 38 (2002).
  • Tatum, J. L. et al.: Hypoxia: Importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy, Int J Radiat Biol, 82, 699 (2006).
  • Lammers, T., Hennink, W.E., Storm, G.: Tumour targeted nanomedicines: Principles and practice, Brit J Cancer, 99, 392 (2008).
  • Kaş, H. S., Eldem, T., “Kontrollü Salım Sistemlerinin Hedeflendirilmesi”, Gürsoy, A. (Editör), Kontrollü Salım Sistemleri, İstanbul, Kontrollü Salım Sistemleri Derneği Yayı- nı, (2002), sayfa 308.
  • Gürsoy, R. N., Siahann, T. J.: Binding and internalization of ICAM – 1 peptide by the surface receptors of T cells, J Pep Res, 53, 414 (1999).
  • Ghose, T., The Current Status of Tumor Targeting: A Rewiev, Page, M. (Editör), Tumor Targeting in Cancer Therapy, New Jersey, Humana Press, (2002), sayfa 5.
  • Malam, Y., Loizido, M., Seifalian, A. M.: Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized ve- hicles for drug delivery in cancer, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 30, 592 (2009).
  • Nielsen, U. B., Marks, J. D.: Internalizing antibodies and targeted cancer therapy: di- rect selection from phage display libraries, Pharm Sci Technol Today, 3, 282 (2000).
  • Bernold, D.M., Sinicrope, F.A.: Kolorektal kanser kemoterapisinde gelişmeler,Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Turkish edition, 1, 126 (2006).
  • Aina, O. H., Sroka, T. C., Chen, M. L., Lam, K. S.: Therapeutic cancer targeting pep- tides, Biopolymers , 66, 184 (2002).
  • Shadidi, M., Sioud, M.: Selective targeting of cancer cells using synthetic peptides, Drug Resist Update, 6, 363 (2003).
  • Enback, J., Laakkonen, P.: Tumour-homing peptides: tools for targeting, imaging and destruction, Biochem Soc T, 35, 780 (2007).
  • Akerman, M. E., Chan, W. C. W., Laakkonen, P., Bhatia, S. N., Ruoslahti, E.: Nanocrys- tal targeting in vivo, P Natl Acad Sci, 99, 12617 (2002).
  • Karmali, P. P., Kotamraju, V. R., Kastantin, M., Black, M., Missirlis, D., Tirrell, M., Ruoslahti, E.: Targeting of albumin-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles to tumors, Nanomedicine: NBM, 5, 73 (2009).
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  • Zelphati, O., Szoka, F.C.: Liposomes as a carrier for intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides: a real or magic bullet?, J Control Release, 41, 99 (1996).
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  • Xiong, X.B., Mahmud, A., Uludag, H., Lavasanifar, A.: Multifunctional polymeric mi- celles for enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin to metastatic cancer cells, Pharm Res, 25, 2555 (2008).
  • Goren, D., A. Horowitz, T., Tzemach, D., Tarshish, M., Zalipsky, S., Gabizon, A.: Nu- clear delivery of doxorubicin via folate-targeted liposomes with bypass of multidrug- resistance efflux pump, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 1949 (2000).
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  • Gradishar, W. J., Tjulandin, S., Davidson, N., Shaw, H., Desai, N., Bhar, P., Hawkins, M., O’shaughnessy, J.: Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel com- pared with polyethylated castor oil– based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer, J Clin Oncol, 23, 7794 2005.
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Lymphatic targeting in Cancer Therapy

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 1, 67 - 90, 01.01.2012

Öz

Cancer is a term used for diseases of uncontrollable self-division of abnormal cells, which are able to invade other tissues. Radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy applications are in cancer treatment. Chemotherapy can cause many side effects in cancer patients. Therefore, tumor tissue-specific drug carrier systems are needed. Drug toxicity is reduced as a consequence of preferential accummulation at target sites and lower concentration in healthy tissues. Examples of these systems are liposomes, micelles, micro-nanoparticulate systems. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems. Spread of cancer cells into surrounding tissues can be prevented by drug targeting to the lymphatic system. In this context, basic information about cancer is given then, in the view of current studies, importance of targeting and advantages of lymphatic targeting in cancer therapy are explained.

Kaynakça

  • http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789283204237_tur_p1-104.pdf
  • http://www.kanser.gov.tr/folders/file/8iL-2006-SON.pdf
  • Kutluk T., Kars A. (Editörler) , Kanser Konusunda Genel Bilgiler, Ankara, Türk Kanser Araştırma ve Savaş Kurumu Yayınları, (1994), sayfa 26 .
  • www.cancervic.org.au/downloads/other_languages/turkish/Cancer_WhatIs.pdf
  • http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/cancergenomics/page49
  • Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W.: Cancer genes and the pathways they control, Nat Med, 10, 789 (2004).
  • http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53
  • http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/metastatic
  • Hart, I. R., “Metastasis”, Souhami R. L., Tannock, I., Hohenberger, P., Horiot, J.C. (Eds), Oxford Textbook of Oncology Second Edition, New York, Oxford University Press, (2002), cilt I, sayfa 103.
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy
  • Greish, K.: Enhanced permeability and retention of macromolecular drugs in solid tumors: A royal gate for targeted anticancer nanomedicines, J Drug Target, 15, 457 (2007).
  • Leaf, C.: Why we are losing the war on cancer (and how to win it) , Fortune, 149, 84 (2004).
  • Jain, R. K.: Molecular regulation of vessel maturation, Nat Med, 9, 685 (2003).
  • Hashizume, H., Baluk, P., Morikawa, S., McLean, J. W., Thurston, G., Roberge, S., Jain, R. K., McDonald, D. M.: Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness, Am J Pathol , 156, 1363 (2000).
  • Yuan, F., Dellian, M., Fukumura, D., Leunig, M., Berk, D. A., Torchilin, V. P., Jain, R. K.: Vascular permeability in a human tumor xenograft: Molecular size dependence and cutoff size, Cancer Res , 55, 3752 (1995).
  • Wu, J., Akaike, T., Maeda, H.: Modulation of enhanced vascular permeability in tumors by a bradykinin antagonist, a cyclooxygenase ınhibitor, and a nitric oxide scavenger, Cancer Res, 58 (1998).
  • Kopecek, J., Kopeckova, P., Minko, T., Lu, Z.R., Peterson, C.M.: Water soluble polymers in tumor targeted delivery, J Control Release, 74, 147 (2001).
  • Alberto, A., Gabizon, M. D. : Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: Metamorphosis of an old drug into a new form of chemotherapy, Cancer Invest , 19, 424 (2001).
  • Matsumura, Y., Maeda, H.: A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: Mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs, Cancer Res, 46, 6387 (1986).
  • Fukumura, D., Jain, R. K.: Tumor microvasculature and microenvironment: Targets for antiangiogenesis and normalization, Microvasc Res, 74, 72 (2007).
  • Harris, A. L.: Hypoxia - a key regulatory factor in tumour growth, Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 38 (2002).
  • Tatum, J. L. et al.: Hypoxia: Importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy, Int J Radiat Biol, 82, 699 (2006).
  • Lammers, T., Hennink, W.E., Storm, G.: Tumour targeted nanomedicines: Principles and practice, Brit J Cancer, 99, 392 (2008).
  • Kaş, H. S., Eldem, T., “Kontrollü Salım Sistemlerinin Hedeflendirilmesi”, Gürsoy, A. (Editör), Kontrollü Salım Sistemleri, İstanbul, Kontrollü Salım Sistemleri Derneği Yayı- nı, (2002), sayfa 308.
  • Gürsoy, R. N., Siahann, T. J.: Binding and internalization of ICAM – 1 peptide by the surface receptors of T cells, J Pep Res, 53, 414 (1999).
  • Ghose, T., The Current Status of Tumor Targeting: A Rewiev, Page, M. (Editör), Tumor Targeting in Cancer Therapy, New Jersey, Humana Press, (2002), sayfa 5.
  • Malam, Y., Loizido, M., Seifalian, A. M.: Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized ve- hicles for drug delivery in cancer, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 30, 592 (2009).
  • Nielsen, U. B., Marks, J. D.: Internalizing antibodies and targeted cancer therapy: di- rect selection from phage display libraries, Pharm Sci Technol Today, 3, 282 (2000).
  • Bernold, D.M., Sinicrope, F.A.: Kolorektal kanser kemoterapisinde gelişmeler,Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Turkish edition, 1, 126 (2006).
  • Aina, O. H., Sroka, T. C., Chen, M. L., Lam, K. S.: Therapeutic cancer targeting pep- tides, Biopolymers , 66, 184 (2002).
  • Shadidi, M., Sioud, M.: Selective targeting of cancer cells using synthetic peptides, Drug Resist Update, 6, 363 (2003).
  • Enback, J., Laakkonen, P.: Tumour-homing peptides: tools for targeting, imaging and destruction, Biochem Soc T, 35, 780 (2007).
  • Akerman, M. E., Chan, W. C. W., Laakkonen, P., Bhatia, S. N., Ruoslahti, E.: Nanocrys- tal targeting in vivo, P Natl Acad Sci, 99, 12617 (2002).
  • Karmali, P. P., Kotamraju, V. R., Kastantin, M., Black, M., Missirlis, D., Tirrell, M., Ruoslahti, E.: Targeting of albumin-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles to tumors, Nanomedicine: NBM, 5, 73 (2009).
  • New R.R.C., (Editör), Liposomes: a practical approach, New York, Oxford University Press, (1990).
  • Zelphati, O., Szoka, F.C.: Liposomes as a carrier for intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides: a real or magic bullet?, J Control Release, 41, 99 (1996).
  • Park, J.W., Kirpotin, D.B., Hong, K., Shalaby, R., Shao, Y., Nielsen, U.B.: Tumor target- ing using anti-her2 immunoliposomes, J Control Release, 74, 95 (2001).
  • Park, J.W., Hong, K., Kirpotin, D.B., Colbern, G., Shalaby, R., Baselga, J., Shao, Y., Nielsen, U.B., Marks, J.D., Moore, D., Papahadjopoulos, D., Benz C.C.: Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes: enhanced efficacy attributable to targeted delivery, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 1172 (2002).
  • Xiong, X.B., Mahmud, A., Uludag, H., Lavasanifar, A.: Multifunctional polymeric mi- celles for enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin to metastatic cancer cells, Pharm Res, 25, 2555 (2008).
  • Goren, D., A. Horowitz, T., Tzemach, D., Tarshish, M., Zalipsky, S., Gabizon, A.: Nu- clear delivery of doxorubicin via folate-targeted liposomes with bypass of multidrug- resistance efflux pump, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 1949 (2000).
  • Weitman, S. D., Weinberg, A. G., Coney, L. R., Zurawski, V. R., Jennings, D. S., Kamen, B. A.: Cellular-localization of the folate receptor potential role in drug toxicity and fo- late homeostasis, Cancer Res, 52, 6708 (1992).
  • Ross, J. F., Chaudhuri, P. K., Ratnam, M.: Differential regulation of folate receptor isoforms in normal and malignant tissues in-vivo and in established cell-lines physi- ological and clinical implications, Cancer, 732432 (1994).
  • Yoo, H. S., Park, T. G.: Folate-receptor-targeted delivery of doxorubicin nano-aggregates stabilized by doxorubicin PEGfolate conjugate, J Control Release, 100, 247 (2004).
  • Haley, B., Frenkel, E.: Nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer treatment, Urol Oncol, 26, 57 (2008).
  • Gradishar, W. J., Tjulandin, S., Davidson, N., Shaw, H., Desai, N., Bhar, P., Hawkins, M., O’shaughnessy, J.: Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel com- pared with polyethylated castor oil– based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer, J Clin Oncol, 23, 7794 2005.
  • Nishioka, Y., Yoshino, H.: Lymphatic targeting with nanoparticulate System, Adv Drug Deliver Rev, 47, 55 (2001).
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Toplam 89 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Özge Çevik Bu kişi benim

Uğur Aydın Bu kişi benim

R. Neslihan Gürsoy

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Çevik Ö, Aydın U, Gürsoy RN. Kanser Tedavisinde Lenfatik Hedeflendirme. HUJPHARM. 2012(1):67-90.