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THE BUDGET OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND GREEN ENERGY: PERCEPTIONS, ACTIONS, AND CHALLENGES

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 171 - 197, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.950563

Öz

The European Green Deal has expanded the climate perspective of the European Union (EU) and put a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy strategy at the centre. For the first time in the history of the EU integration, the EU budget has been designed for prioritizing the climate strategy and conditioned in accordance with the climate targets. Within this context, in this study, the common budget priorities, Green Deal targets and internal/external challenges of the EU are addressed together, aiming to answer the questions to what extent the global climate change is perceived as an emergency by the EU and whether the EU’s green transformation approach is sufficient and applicable. The study is conducted in the light of current literature and data on the EU’s climate approach and financing instruments in order to answer these questions. The study concludes that although the climate model reflected in the EU’s new budget is an important step in combating the climate crisis, difficulties could not be overcome due to the intra-EU dynamics/lack of consensus, and unless a systemic transition in a global sense takes place, the dramatic transformation targeted by the Green Deal would remain discursively assertive, but actionally ambiguous.

Kaynakça

  • Arman, M. Necip; Cengiz, Çağdaş (2020). “Harmonisation of Western Balkan Countries with the European Union Energy Policies: The Berlin Process and Beyond”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 126-137.
  • Brodny, Jaroslaw; Tutak, Magdalena (2020). “Analyzing Similarities between the European Union Countries in terms of the Structure and Volume of Energy Production from Renewable Energy Sources”. Energies 2020, 13(4): 913.
  • Cengiz, Çağdaş; Kurtar, Adem (2019). “Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027: The Reflections of Current Challenges in European Union on Budget Priorities”. Journal of Yaşar University, 14 (Special Issue on Business and Organizational Research), 1-17.
  • Cengiz, Çağdaş; Kutlu, Erdi (2020). “The New Common Budget of the European Union in the Axis of the Perception of Climate Crisis and the Conversion to Renewable Energy”, EFE’2020 Abstract Book, http://2020.efecongress.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/efe2020-book-of-abstracts-12-01-2021.pdf (Accessed: 12.02.2021).
  • Elbassoussy, Ahmed (2019). “European Energy Security Dilemma: Major Challenges and Confrontation Strategies”. Review of Economics and Political Science, 4(4), 321-343.
  • European Commission (2019a). “The European Green Deal”. Communication from the Commission COM(2019) 640 Final, 11.12.2019, Brussels, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1596443911913&uri=CELEX:52019DC0640#document2 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2019b). “The Just Transition Mechanism: Making Sure No One is Left Behind”. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/actions-being-taken-eu/just-transition-mechanism_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020a). “A European Green Deal: Striving to be the First Climate-Neutral Continent”. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020b). “The European Green Deal Investment Plan and Just Transition Mechanism Explained”. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_20_24 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020c). “European Green Deal Investment Plan”. Communication from the Commission, COM(2020) 21 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0021&rid=7 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020d). “The European Green Deal: Investing in a Climate-Neutral and Circular Economy”. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/fs_20_40 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020e). “2021-2027 Long-term EU Budget & Next Generation EU”. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/2021-2027_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020f). “Supporting Climate Action through the EU Budget”. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/budget/mainstreaming_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020). European Commission (2020g). “From Where Do We Import Energy and How Dependent Are We?” (Energy Dependency)”, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2c.html (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Council (2020). “Long-Term EU Budget 2021-2027 and Recovery Package”. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/the-eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget-2021-2027/ (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Parliament (2021). “Just Transition Fund”. ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ Briefing, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/646180/EPRS_BRI(2020)646180_EN.pdf (Accessed: 01.06.2021).
  • Eurostat (2020a). “Energy Statistics. Statistics Explain”. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_statistics_-_an_overview (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Eurostat (2020b). “Russia-EU International Trade in Goods Statistics”. Statistics Explained, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Russia-EU (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Eurostat (2020c). “Energy Production and Imports. Statistics Explained”. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/1216.pdf (Accessed: 01.10.2020). Eurostat (2020d). “Production of Primary Energy, EU-27, 2018”. Statistics Explained, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=File:Production_of_primary_energy,_EU27,_2018_(%25_of_total,_based_on_tonnes_of_oil_equivalent).png&oldid=490390 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Guardian (2019). “Revealed: The 20 Firms Behind a Third of All Carbon Emissions”. October 9th, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/revealed-20-firms-third-carbon-emissions (Accessed: 14.02.2021).
  • Güneş, Mehmet; Arslan, Tayfun (2018). “Triangle of European Union, Russia and Turkey on Energy Dependency and The Region of Eastern Mediterranean”. International Journal of Humanities and Education, 4(4), 32-60.
  • Haas, Tobias; Sander, Hendrik (2020). “Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal”. Sustainability 12(20).
  • Hafner, Manfred; Raimondi, P. Paolo (2020). “Priorities and Challenges of the EU Energy Transition: From the European Green Package to the New Green Deal”. Russian Journal of Economics, 6(4), 374-389.
  • Hainsch, Karlo; et al. (2020). “European Green Deal: Using Ambitious Climate Targets and Renewable Energy to Climb Out of the Economic Crisis”. DIW Weekly Report, 10(28/29), 303-310.
  • London School of Economics and Political Science (2018). “Aligning National and International Climate Targets”. Grantham Institute, http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/ (Accessed: 01.10.2019).
  • Oberthür, Sebastian; Dupont, Claire. (2015). Decarbonization in the European Union: Internal Policies and External Strategies. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Popovic, Nemanja (2020). “The Energy Relationship Between Russia and the European Union”. E-International Relations, https://www.e-ir.info/2020/02/24/the-energy-relationship-between-russia-and-the-european-union/ (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Purkis, Semra (2020). “Crisis Exit Strategy and New Green Deal”. Ecology Union, https://ekolojibirligi.org/krizden-cikis-manifestosu-ve-yesil-yeni-duzen/ (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Sahin, Göktuğ; Taksim, M. Ali; Yitkin, Burak (2021). “Effects of the European Green Deal on Turkey’s Electiricity Market”. The Journal of Business, Economic and Management Research, 4(1), 40-58.
  • Siddi, Marco (2020). The European Green Deal: Assessing its Current State and Future Implementation. FIIA Working Paper 114.
  • Sikora, Alicja (2021). “European Green Deal - Legal and Financial Challenges of the Climate Change”. ERA Forum, 21, 681-697.
  • von der Leyen, Ursula (2020). “Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission 2019-2024”. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/political-guidelines-next-commission_en.pdf (Accessed: 01.10.2020).

AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ BÜTÇESİ VE YEŞİL ENERJİ: ALGI, EYLEM VE ZORLUKLAR

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 171 - 197, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.950563

Öz

Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) iklim perspektifini genişletmiş ve sürdürülebilir, çevre dostu bir enerji stratejisini merkeze koymuştur. AB bütçesi de entegrasyon tarihinde ilk kez iklim stratejisine öncelik verecek şekilde tasarlanmış ve iklim hedeflerine göre koşullandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada, küresel iklim değişikliğinin AB tarafından ne ölçüde “acil bir durum” olarak algılandığı ve AB’nin yeşil dönüşüm stratejisinin yeterli ve uygulanabilir olup olmadığı sorularına yanıt verebilmek amacıyla, AB’nin ortak bütçe öncelikleri, Yeşil Mutabakat hedefleri ve Birlik içi/dışı zorluklar bir arada ele alınacak ve tartışılacaktır. Bu amaçla, AB’nin iklim yaklaşımı ve finansman araçlarına ilişkin mevcut literatür ve verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, AB’nin yeni bütçesine yansıyan iklim modelinin iklim kriziyle mücadelede önemli bir adım olmasına rağmen, Birlik-içi zorluklar aşılamadığı takdirde ve küresel anlamda sistemik bir geçiş olmaksızın, Yeşil Mutabakat’ın hedeflediği dramatik dönüşümün söylemsel olarak iddialı fakat eylemsel olarak belirsiz kalacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Arman, M. Necip; Cengiz, Çağdaş (2020). “Harmonisation of Western Balkan Countries with the European Union Energy Policies: The Berlin Process and Beyond”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 126-137.
  • Brodny, Jaroslaw; Tutak, Magdalena (2020). “Analyzing Similarities between the European Union Countries in terms of the Structure and Volume of Energy Production from Renewable Energy Sources”. Energies 2020, 13(4): 913.
  • Cengiz, Çağdaş; Kurtar, Adem (2019). “Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027: The Reflections of Current Challenges in European Union on Budget Priorities”. Journal of Yaşar University, 14 (Special Issue on Business and Organizational Research), 1-17.
  • Cengiz, Çağdaş; Kutlu, Erdi (2020). “The New Common Budget of the European Union in the Axis of the Perception of Climate Crisis and the Conversion to Renewable Energy”, EFE’2020 Abstract Book, http://2020.efecongress.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/efe2020-book-of-abstracts-12-01-2021.pdf (Accessed: 12.02.2021).
  • Elbassoussy, Ahmed (2019). “European Energy Security Dilemma: Major Challenges and Confrontation Strategies”. Review of Economics and Political Science, 4(4), 321-343.
  • European Commission (2019a). “The European Green Deal”. Communication from the Commission COM(2019) 640 Final, 11.12.2019, Brussels, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1596443911913&uri=CELEX:52019DC0640#document2 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2019b). “The Just Transition Mechanism: Making Sure No One is Left Behind”. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/actions-being-taken-eu/just-transition-mechanism_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020a). “A European Green Deal: Striving to be the First Climate-Neutral Continent”. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020b). “The European Green Deal Investment Plan and Just Transition Mechanism Explained”. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_20_24 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020c). “European Green Deal Investment Plan”. Communication from the Commission, COM(2020) 21 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0021&rid=7 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020d). “The European Green Deal: Investing in a Climate-Neutral and Circular Economy”. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/fs_20_40 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020e). “2021-2027 Long-term EU Budget & Next Generation EU”. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/2021-2027_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Commission (2020f). “Supporting Climate Action through the EU Budget”. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/budget/mainstreaming_en (Accessed: 01.10.2020). European Commission (2020g). “From Where Do We Import Energy and How Dependent Are We?” (Energy Dependency)”, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2c.html (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Council (2020). “Long-Term EU Budget 2021-2027 and Recovery Package”. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/the-eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget-2021-2027/ (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • European Parliament (2021). “Just Transition Fund”. ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ Briefing, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/646180/EPRS_BRI(2020)646180_EN.pdf (Accessed: 01.06.2021).
  • Eurostat (2020a). “Energy Statistics. Statistics Explain”. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_statistics_-_an_overview (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Eurostat (2020b). “Russia-EU International Trade in Goods Statistics”. Statistics Explained, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Russia-EU (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Eurostat (2020c). “Energy Production and Imports. Statistics Explained”. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/1216.pdf (Accessed: 01.10.2020). Eurostat (2020d). “Production of Primary Energy, EU-27, 2018”. Statistics Explained, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=File:Production_of_primary_energy,_EU27,_2018_(%25_of_total,_based_on_tonnes_of_oil_equivalent).png&oldid=490390 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Guardian (2019). “Revealed: The 20 Firms Behind a Third of All Carbon Emissions”. October 9th, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/revealed-20-firms-third-carbon-emissions (Accessed: 14.02.2021).
  • Güneş, Mehmet; Arslan, Tayfun (2018). “Triangle of European Union, Russia and Turkey on Energy Dependency and The Region of Eastern Mediterranean”. International Journal of Humanities and Education, 4(4), 32-60.
  • Haas, Tobias; Sander, Hendrik (2020). “Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal”. Sustainability 12(20).
  • Hafner, Manfred; Raimondi, P. Paolo (2020). “Priorities and Challenges of the EU Energy Transition: From the European Green Package to the New Green Deal”. Russian Journal of Economics, 6(4), 374-389.
  • Hainsch, Karlo; et al. (2020). “European Green Deal: Using Ambitious Climate Targets and Renewable Energy to Climb Out of the Economic Crisis”. DIW Weekly Report, 10(28/29), 303-310.
  • London School of Economics and Political Science (2018). “Aligning National and International Climate Targets”. Grantham Institute, http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/ (Accessed: 01.10.2019).
  • Oberthür, Sebastian; Dupont, Claire. (2015). Decarbonization in the European Union: Internal Policies and External Strategies. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Popovic, Nemanja (2020). “The Energy Relationship Between Russia and the European Union”. E-International Relations, https://www.e-ir.info/2020/02/24/the-energy-relationship-between-russia-and-the-european-union/ (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Purkis, Semra (2020). “Crisis Exit Strategy and New Green Deal”. Ecology Union, https://ekolojibirligi.org/krizden-cikis-manifestosu-ve-yesil-yeni-duzen/ (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  • Sahin, Göktuğ; Taksim, M. Ali; Yitkin, Burak (2021). “Effects of the European Green Deal on Turkey’s Electiricity Market”. The Journal of Business, Economic and Management Research, 4(1), 40-58.
  • Siddi, Marco (2020). The European Green Deal: Assessing its Current State and Future Implementation. FIIA Working Paper 114.
  • Sikora, Alicja (2021). “European Green Deal - Legal and Financial Challenges of the Climate Change”. ERA Forum, 21, 681-697.
  • von der Leyen, Ursula (2020). “Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission 2019-2024”. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/political-guidelines-next-commission_en.pdf (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çağdaş Cengiz 0000-0002-7606-5842

Erdi Kutlu 0000-0003-4340-2969

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Cengiz, Ç., & Kutlu, E. (2021). THE BUDGET OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND GREEN ENERGY: PERCEPTIONS, ACTIONS, AND CHALLENGES. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 14(1), 171-197. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.950563

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