Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 223 - 257, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097

Öz

Kadınların orduya kabulünü etkileyen faktörler sosyal, kültürel, askeri, uluslararası ve siyasi boyutlar altında incelenmektedir. Ancak Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar daha ziyade kurum içi uygulamalara odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca savaşlarda kahramanlık göstermiş kadın figürler üzerinden tarihsel bir anlatı da ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Bu makale kadın askerlerin istihdamında kültürel boyut altında yer alan toplumsal tutumları ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 382 kişiyle yapılan betimsel anketten elde edilen veriler; frekans dağılımları, istatistiksel çıkarsamalar ve ki-kare testi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Türk toplumunda kadınların silahlı kuvvetlere alınması (%79,9) desteklenmektedir. Bu desteğin kadınlar arasında daha yüksek olduğu yine aynı şekilde kendisi veya ailesinde asker olmayanların, kadınların orduya kabulünü askerlik tecrübesi olanlara göre daha yüksek oranda desteklediği görülmektedir. Ayrıca muharip görevler konusunda çelişkili sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak toplumun kadınları muharip sınıflarda da görmek istediği ancak bu konuda genel bir bilgi eksikliği olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, Ç. (2010). Cinsiyet ve militarizm (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Alptekin, H. (1954). Milli savunma hizmetinde kadın. E.U Basımevi. google scholar
  • Altınay, A. G. (2000). Ordu-millet-kadınlar: Dünyanın ilk kadın savaş pilotu Sabiha Gökçen. A. G. Altınay (Ed.), Vatan millet kadınlar içinde (s. 246-279). İletişim Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Ateş, B. (2022). Askerî sosyoloji: Ordu ve toplum araştırmaları. Selenge Yayınları. google scholar
  • Ben-Ari, E., Lerer, Z., Ben-Shalom, U., & Vainer, A. (2010). Rethinking contemporary warfare: A sociological view of the second Al-Aqsa Intifada. State University of New York Press. google scholar
  • Binkin, M., & Bach, S. (1977). Women and the military. The Brookings Institution. google scholar
  • Brock, J., Dickey, J. W., Harker, R. J. W., & Lewis, C. M. (Eds.). (2015). Beyond Rosie: A documentary history of women and World War II. University of Arkansas Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j. ctt1ffjfg8 google scholar
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem. google scholar
  • Campbell, D. A. (1990). Servicewomen of World War II. Armed Forces & Society, 16(2), 251-270. google scholar
  • Carreiras, H. (2004). Gender and the military: A comparative study on the participation of women in the armed forces of Western democracies (Doctoral dissertation, Florence: European Research Institute). google scholar
  • Carreiras, H. (2006). Gender and the military: Women in the armed forces of western democracies. Routledge. google scholar
  • Carreiras, H. (2008). From loyalty to dissent: How military women respond to integration dilemmas. In H. Carreiras & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Women in the military and in armed conflict (pp. 161-181). Springer. google scholar
  • Cohn, C. (1993). Wars, wimps, and women: Talking gender and thinking war. In M. Cooke & A. Woollacott (Eds.), Gendering war talk (pp. 227-246). Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Collins-Dogrul, J., & Ulrich, J. R. (2018). Fighting stereotypes: Public discourse about women in combat. ArmedForces & Society, 44(3), 436-459. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). Pearson. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. (2021). Araştırma tasarımı: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. Nobel google scholar
  • Dalaman, Z. B. (2022). Türkiye’de ulus devlet inşa sürecinde (1923-1950) kadın asker ve asker annesi tartışmaları. Belgi Dergisi, 23, 47-71. google scholar
  • Dandeker, C. (2003). Women soldiers: Problems and perspectives in the integration of women into the British Army. Revue Francaise De Sociologie, 44(4), 735-758. google scholar
  • Durgun, L. (2004). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde kadın subaylar (Yüksek lisans tezi, Kara Harp Okulu, Ankara). google scholar
  • Enloe, C. (1988 [1983]). Does kaki become you? The militarization of women’s lives. Pandora Press. google scholar
  • Erogul, M. S., Zamantılı Nayır, D., Ozeren, E., & Arslan, A. (2023). Female soldiers maneuvering visibility in the Turkish Armed Forces. Culture and Organization, 1-21. https://openaccess. pirireis.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12960/1505 google scholar
  • Eulriet, I. (2012). Women and the military in Europe: Comparing public cultures. Springer. google scholar
  • Fidan, E. (2023). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde kadın istihdamının incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Milli Savunma Üniversitesi, İstanbul). google scholar
  • Gabriel, R. (1980). Women in combat? two views. Army Magazine, 44, 48-50. google scholar
  • Goldman, N. L. (Ed.). (1982). Female soldiers: Combatants or non-combatants? Historical and contemporary perspectives. Greenwood Press. google scholar
  • Goldstein, J. S. (2006). War and gender: How gender shapes the war system and vice versa. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz (5. basım). Seçkin Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Hacker, B. (1981). Women and military institutions in early modern Europe: a reconnaissance. Signs, 6(4), 643-71. google scholar
  • Heinecken, L. (2017). Conceptualizing the tensions evoked by gender integration in the military: South African case. Armed Forces & Society, 43, 202-220. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1957). The soldier and thestate: The theory andpolitics of civil-military relations. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Hürkan, S. (2016). Türkiye’nin ilk kadın subayları. Sinemis Yayın Grup. google scholar
  • Iskra, D., Trainor, S., Leithauser, M., & Segal, W. M. (2002). Women’s participation in armed forces cross-nationally: Expanding Segal’s model. Current Sociology, 50(5), 771-797. google scholar
  • Janowitz, M. (1971). The professional soldier. Free Press. google scholar
  • Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (26. basım). Nobel Yayınevi. google scholar
  • King, A. (2006). The word of command: Communication and cohesion in the military. Armed Forces & Society, 32(4), 493-512. google scholar
  • King, A. (2013). The combat soldier: Infantry tactics and cohesion in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • King, A. C. (2013). The female soldier. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.2892 google scholar
  • Koeszegi, S. T., Zedlacher, E., & Hudribusch, R. (2014). The war against the female soldier? The effects of masculine culture on workplace aggression. ArmedForces & Society, 40(2), 226-251. google scholar
  • Korkmaz, E. (2022). Türk Ordusunda kadının yeri: Tarihi perspektiften bir değerlendirme. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 18(43), 655-682. google scholar
  • Köprülü, O. F. (1991). Bâciyân-ı Rûm. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi içinde (4. Cilt, s. 415). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. google scholar
  • Kuloğlu, C. (2005). The military in Turkey from a gender perspective (Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Kümmel, G. (2002). When boy meets girl: The feminization of the military. Current Sociology, 50(5), 615-639. google scholar
  • Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2006). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice. Jossey-Bass. google scholar
  • Macdonald, S. (1987). Drawing the lines- gender, peace and war: an introduction. In P. Holden, & S. Ardener (Eds.), Images of women in peace and war (pp. 1-26). MacMillan Education Ltd. google scholar
  • Maninger, S. (2008). Women in combat: Reconsidering the case against the deployment of women in combat-support and combat units. In H. Carreiras & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Women in the military and in armed conflict (pp. 9-27). Springer. google scholar
  • McSally, M. (2007). Women in combat: Is the current policy obsolete? Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 1011-1060. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djglp/vol14/iss2/7 google scholar
  • Miller, L. (2001). Feminism and the exclusion of army women from combat. In R. J. Simon (Ed.), Women in the military (pp. 103-133). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351299046 google scholar
  • Mitchell, B. (1989). Weak link: The feminization of the American military. Regnery. google scholar
  • Moore, B. L. (2017). Introduction to armed forces & society: Special issue on women in the military. Armed Forces & Society, 43(2), 191-201. google scholar
  • Moskos, C. (1970). The American enlisted man. Russel-Sage Foundation. google scholar
  • Moskos, C. (1977). From institution to occupation: Trends in military organization. Armed Forces and Society, 4(Fall), 41-50. google scholar
  • NATO. (2020). Summary of national reports 2020. Author. google scholar
  • Nuciari, M. (2018). Participation and change in gendered organisations. Women in the military forces. In G. Caforio (Ed.), Handbook of the sociology of the military (pp. 301-325). Springer. google scholar
  • Pew Research Center. (2013). Broad support for combat roles for women. http://www.people-press. org/2013/01/29/broad-support-for-combat-roles-for-women/ google scholar
  • Rukavishnikov, V. O., & Pugh, M. (2018). Civil-military relations. In G. Caforio (Ed.), Handbook of the sociology of the military (pp. 123-143). Springer. google scholar
  • Sarısaman, S. (1997). Birinci Ordu Birinci Kadın İşçi Taburu. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 8, 695-723. google scholar
  • Segal, M. W. (1995). Women’s military roles cross-nationally: past, present and future. Genders and Society, 9(6), 757-775. google scholar
  • Shils, E. A., & Janowitz, M. (1948). Cohesion and disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II. Public Opinion Quarterly, 12(2), 280-315. google scholar
  • Snyder, R. C. (2003). The citizen-soldier tradition and gender integration of the US military. Armed Forces & Society, 29(2), 185-204. google scholar
  • Soeters, J., Shields, P. M., & Rietjens, S. (Eds.). (2014). Routledge handbook of research methods in military studies. Routledge. google scholar
  • Stiehm, J. H. (1989). Arms and the enlisted woman. Temple University Press. google scholar
  • Stouffer, S. A., Lumsdaine, A. A. Lumsdaine, M. H., Williams, R. M. Jr., Brewster Smith, M., Janis, I. L., Star, S. A., & Cottrell, L. S. Jr. (1949). The American soldier: combat and its aftermath (Vol. II). Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Stouffer, S. A., Suchman, E. A., Devinney, L. C., Star, S. A., & Williams, R. M. (1949). The American soldier: adjustment during army life (Vol. I). Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Strachan, H. (2006). Training, morale and modern war. Journal of Contemporary History, 41(2), 211-227. google scholar
  • SWI. (2022). Drafting women into the army the Norwegian way. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/ politics/drafting-women-into-the-army-the-norwegian-way/47659994 google scholar
  • Şen, S. (1997). Kadının toplumsal konumu ve silahlı kuvvetler. Birikim Yayınları. google scholar
  • Torres-Reyna, O., & Shapiro, R. Y. (2002). Trends: Women and sexual orientation in the military. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(4), 618-632. google scholar
  • van Creveld, M. (2000). Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military. Journal of Strategic Studies, 23(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390008437809 google scholar
  • Van Creveld, M. (2000). Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military. Journal of Strategic Studies 23(4), 1-20. google scholar
  • van Creveld, M. (2001). Men, women and war. Do women belong in the front line? Cassell & Co. google scholar
  • Wilcox, C. (1992). Race, gender, and support for women in the military. Social Science Quarterly, 73, 310-323. google scholar
  • Winslow, D., & Dunn, J. (2002). Women in the Canadian Forces: Between legal and social integration. Current Sociology, 50(5), 641-667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392102050005003 Yayınları. google scholar
  • YLE. (2022). Record number of women volunteer for military service in 2022. https://yle.fi/a/74-20010932 google scholar
  • YouGov. (2013). Time for women on the front lines. https://yougov.co.uk/politics/articles/5899-majority-want-women-frontline-roles google scholar

Social Attitudes towards Women’s Military Service in Turkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 223 - 257, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097

Öz

The factors affecting the acceptance of women in the military have been analyzed under social, cultural, military, international, and political dimensions. However, studies conducted in Türkiye have focused more on internal practices. In addition, a historical narrative has also been emphasized through the female figures who have shown heroism in wars. This article aims to measure social attitudes under the cultural dimension regarding the enlistment of female soldiers. Data obtained from a descriptive survey of 382 respondents were analyzed using frequency distributions, statistical inferences, and the chi-square test. According to the findings, 79.9% of Turkish society supports the recruitment of women into the armed forces. This support is higher among women. Similarly, those with no military experience themselves or in their families support women’s enlistment in the army at a higher rate than those with military experience. In addition, contradictory results were obtained regarding combat missions. In conclusion, Turkish society is considered to want to see women in combat classes, but a general lack of information exists with regard to this issue.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, Ç. (2010). Cinsiyet ve militarizm (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Alptekin, H. (1954). Milli savunma hizmetinde kadın. E.U Basımevi. google scholar
  • Altınay, A. G. (2000). Ordu-millet-kadınlar: Dünyanın ilk kadın savaş pilotu Sabiha Gökçen. A. G. Altınay (Ed.), Vatan millet kadınlar içinde (s. 246-279). İletişim Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Ateş, B. (2022). Askerî sosyoloji: Ordu ve toplum araştırmaları. Selenge Yayınları. google scholar
  • Ben-Ari, E., Lerer, Z., Ben-Shalom, U., & Vainer, A. (2010). Rethinking contemporary warfare: A sociological view of the second Al-Aqsa Intifada. State University of New York Press. google scholar
  • Binkin, M., & Bach, S. (1977). Women and the military. The Brookings Institution. google scholar
  • Brock, J., Dickey, J. W., Harker, R. J. W., & Lewis, C. M. (Eds.). (2015). Beyond Rosie: A documentary history of women and World War II. University of Arkansas Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j. ctt1ffjfg8 google scholar
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem. google scholar
  • Campbell, D. A. (1990). Servicewomen of World War II. Armed Forces & Society, 16(2), 251-270. google scholar
  • Carreiras, H. (2004). Gender and the military: A comparative study on the participation of women in the armed forces of Western democracies (Doctoral dissertation, Florence: European Research Institute). google scholar
  • Carreiras, H. (2006). Gender and the military: Women in the armed forces of western democracies. Routledge. google scholar
  • Carreiras, H. (2008). From loyalty to dissent: How military women respond to integration dilemmas. In H. Carreiras & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Women in the military and in armed conflict (pp. 161-181). Springer. google scholar
  • Cohn, C. (1993). Wars, wimps, and women: Talking gender and thinking war. In M. Cooke & A. Woollacott (Eds.), Gendering war talk (pp. 227-246). Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Collins-Dogrul, J., & Ulrich, J. R. (2018). Fighting stereotypes: Public discourse about women in combat. ArmedForces & Society, 44(3), 436-459. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). Pearson. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. (2021). Araştırma tasarımı: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. Nobel google scholar
  • Dalaman, Z. B. (2022). Türkiye’de ulus devlet inşa sürecinde (1923-1950) kadın asker ve asker annesi tartışmaları. Belgi Dergisi, 23, 47-71. google scholar
  • Dandeker, C. (2003). Women soldiers: Problems and perspectives in the integration of women into the British Army. Revue Francaise De Sociologie, 44(4), 735-758. google scholar
  • Durgun, L. (2004). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde kadın subaylar (Yüksek lisans tezi, Kara Harp Okulu, Ankara). google scholar
  • Enloe, C. (1988 [1983]). Does kaki become you? The militarization of women’s lives. Pandora Press. google scholar
  • Erogul, M. S., Zamantılı Nayır, D., Ozeren, E., & Arslan, A. (2023). Female soldiers maneuvering visibility in the Turkish Armed Forces. Culture and Organization, 1-21. https://openaccess. pirireis.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12960/1505 google scholar
  • Eulriet, I. (2012). Women and the military in Europe: Comparing public cultures. Springer. google scholar
  • Fidan, E. (2023). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde kadın istihdamının incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Milli Savunma Üniversitesi, İstanbul). google scholar
  • Gabriel, R. (1980). Women in combat? two views. Army Magazine, 44, 48-50. google scholar
  • Goldman, N. L. (Ed.). (1982). Female soldiers: Combatants or non-combatants? Historical and contemporary perspectives. Greenwood Press. google scholar
  • Goldstein, J. S. (2006). War and gender: How gender shapes the war system and vice versa. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz (5. basım). Seçkin Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Hacker, B. (1981). Women and military institutions in early modern Europe: a reconnaissance. Signs, 6(4), 643-71. google scholar
  • Heinecken, L. (2017). Conceptualizing the tensions evoked by gender integration in the military: South African case. Armed Forces & Society, 43, 202-220. google scholar
  • Huntington, S. P. (1957). The soldier and thestate: The theory andpolitics of civil-military relations. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Hürkan, S. (2016). Türkiye’nin ilk kadın subayları. Sinemis Yayın Grup. google scholar
  • Iskra, D., Trainor, S., Leithauser, M., & Segal, W. M. (2002). Women’s participation in armed forces cross-nationally: Expanding Segal’s model. Current Sociology, 50(5), 771-797. google scholar
  • Janowitz, M. (1971). The professional soldier. Free Press. google scholar
  • Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (26. basım). Nobel Yayınevi. google scholar
  • King, A. (2006). The word of command: Communication and cohesion in the military. Armed Forces & Society, 32(4), 493-512. google scholar
  • King, A. (2013). The combat soldier: Infantry tactics and cohesion in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • King, A. C. (2013). The female soldier. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.2892 google scholar
  • Koeszegi, S. T., Zedlacher, E., & Hudribusch, R. (2014). The war against the female soldier? The effects of masculine culture on workplace aggression. ArmedForces & Society, 40(2), 226-251. google scholar
  • Korkmaz, E. (2022). Türk Ordusunda kadının yeri: Tarihi perspektiften bir değerlendirme. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 18(43), 655-682. google scholar
  • Köprülü, O. F. (1991). Bâciyân-ı Rûm. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi içinde (4. Cilt, s. 415). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. google scholar
  • Kuloğlu, C. (2005). The military in Turkey from a gender perspective (Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Kümmel, G. (2002). When boy meets girl: The feminization of the military. Current Sociology, 50(5), 615-639. google scholar
  • Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2006). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice. Jossey-Bass. google scholar
  • Macdonald, S. (1987). Drawing the lines- gender, peace and war: an introduction. In P. Holden, & S. Ardener (Eds.), Images of women in peace and war (pp. 1-26). MacMillan Education Ltd. google scholar
  • Maninger, S. (2008). Women in combat: Reconsidering the case against the deployment of women in combat-support and combat units. In H. Carreiras & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Women in the military and in armed conflict (pp. 9-27). Springer. google scholar
  • McSally, M. (2007). Women in combat: Is the current policy obsolete? Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 1011-1060. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djglp/vol14/iss2/7 google scholar
  • Miller, L. (2001). Feminism and the exclusion of army women from combat. In R. J. Simon (Ed.), Women in the military (pp. 103-133). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351299046 google scholar
  • Mitchell, B. (1989). Weak link: The feminization of the American military. Regnery. google scholar
  • Moore, B. L. (2017). Introduction to armed forces & society: Special issue on women in the military. Armed Forces & Society, 43(2), 191-201. google scholar
  • Moskos, C. (1970). The American enlisted man. Russel-Sage Foundation. google scholar
  • Moskos, C. (1977). From institution to occupation: Trends in military organization. Armed Forces and Society, 4(Fall), 41-50. google scholar
  • NATO. (2020). Summary of national reports 2020. Author. google scholar
  • Nuciari, M. (2018). Participation and change in gendered organisations. Women in the military forces. In G. Caforio (Ed.), Handbook of the sociology of the military (pp. 301-325). Springer. google scholar
  • Pew Research Center. (2013). Broad support for combat roles for women. http://www.people-press. org/2013/01/29/broad-support-for-combat-roles-for-women/ google scholar
  • Rukavishnikov, V. O., & Pugh, M. (2018). Civil-military relations. In G. Caforio (Ed.), Handbook of the sociology of the military (pp. 123-143). Springer. google scholar
  • Sarısaman, S. (1997). Birinci Ordu Birinci Kadın İşçi Taburu. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 8, 695-723. google scholar
  • Segal, M. W. (1995). Women’s military roles cross-nationally: past, present and future. Genders and Society, 9(6), 757-775. google scholar
  • Shils, E. A., & Janowitz, M. (1948). Cohesion and disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II. Public Opinion Quarterly, 12(2), 280-315. google scholar
  • Snyder, R. C. (2003). The citizen-soldier tradition and gender integration of the US military. Armed Forces & Society, 29(2), 185-204. google scholar
  • Soeters, J., Shields, P. M., & Rietjens, S. (Eds.). (2014). Routledge handbook of research methods in military studies. Routledge. google scholar
  • Stiehm, J. H. (1989). Arms and the enlisted woman. Temple University Press. google scholar
  • Stouffer, S. A., Lumsdaine, A. A. Lumsdaine, M. H., Williams, R. M. Jr., Brewster Smith, M., Janis, I. L., Star, S. A., & Cottrell, L. S. Jr. (1949). The American soldier: combat and its aftermath (Vol. II). Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Stouffer, S. A., Suchman, E. A., Devinney, L. C., Star, S. A., & Williams, R. M. (1949). The American soldier: adjustment during army life (Vol. I). Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Strachan, H. (2006). Training, morale and modern war. Journal of Contemporary History, 41(2), 211-227. google scholar
  • SWI. (2022). Drafting women into the army the Norwegian way. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/ politics/drafting-women-into-the-army-the-norwegian-way/47659994 google scholar
  • Şen, S. (1997). Kadının toplumsal konumu ve silahlı kuvvetler. Birikim Yayınları. google scholar
  • Torres-Reyna, O., & Shapiro, R. Y. (2002). Trends: Women and sexual orientation in the military. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(4), 618-632. google scholar
  • van Creveld, M. (2000). Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military. Journal of Strategic Studies, 23(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390008437809 google scholar
  • Van Creveld, M. (2000). Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military. Journal of Strategic Studies 23(4), 1-20. google scholar
  • van Creveld, M. (2001). Men, women and war. Do women belong in the front line? Cassell & Co. google scholar
  • Wilcox, C. (1992). Race, gender, and support for women in the military. Social Science Quarterly, 73, 310-323. google scholar
  • Winslow, D., & Dunn, J. (2002). Women in the Canadian Forces: Between legal and social integration. Current Sociology, 50(5), 641-667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392102050005003 Yayınları. google scholar
  • YLE. (2022). Record number of women volunteer for military service in 2022. https://yle.fi/a/74-20010932 google scholar
  • YouGov. (2013). Time for women on the front lines. https://yougov.co.uk/politics/articles/5899-majority-want-women-frontline-roles google scholar
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Mustafa Yücehan Akal 0000-0001-7853-4684

Barış Ateş 0000-0001-8548-6924

Raif Cergibozan 0000-0001-7557-5309

Melek Kırtıl Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7980-0574

Adem Başpınar 0000-0002-2125-1832

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akal, M. Y., Ateş, B., Cergibozan, R., Kırtıl, M., vd. (2023). Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 43(2), 223-257. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097
AMA Akal MY, Ateş B, Cergibozan R, Kırtıl M, Başpınar A. Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. Aralık 2023;43(2):223-257. doi:10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097
Chicago Akal, Mustafa Yücehan, Barış Ateş, Raif Cergibozan, Melek Kırtıl, ve Adem Başpınar. “Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 43, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 223-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097.
EndNote Akal MY, Ateş B, Cergibozan R, Kırtıl M, Başpınar A (01 Aralık 2023) Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 43 2 223–257.
IEEE M. Y. Akal, B. Ateş, R. Cergibozan, M. Kırtıl, ve A. Başpınar, “Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar”, İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, c. 43, sy. 2, ss. 223–257, 2023, doi: 10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097.
ISNAD Akal, Mustafa Yücehan vd. “Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 43/2 (Aralık 2023), 223-257. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097.
JAMA Akal MY, Ateş B, Cergibozan R, Kırtıl M, Başpınar A. Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2023;43:223–257.
MLA Akal, Mustafa Yücehan vd. “Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, c. 43, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 223-57, doi:10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097.
Vancouver Akal MY, Ateş B, Cergibozan R, Kırtıl M, Başpınar A. Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2023;43(2):223-57.