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Ondokuz Mayıs University drinking water treatment plant carbon footprint: emission sources and strategies for sustainability

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 149 - 157, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.15

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to calculate the carbon footprint of the drinking water treatment facility within Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University and to determine the greenhouse gas emission sources within the facility. The total daily CO2 emission of the drinking water treatment plant is calculated as 85.05 kg CO2e/d. The analyses show that off-site CO2 emissions are higher than on-site CO2 emission values. It has been determined that the primary source of off-site emissions arises from the electrical energy consumption used in the units, constituting approximately 86.4% of the total CO2 emissions. The second important contribution parameter arises from the reaction of coagulants in mechanical mixing processes. This study emphasizes the importance of taking measures that support greener and sustainable production to reduce the current greenhouse gas emissions of the facility. In addition, calculating the carbon emissions of the drinking water treatment plant is important in informing the relevant institutions in the European Union’s efforts to achieve the goal of zeroing carbon emissions by 2050.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research has been funded by Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey (Project No. PYO.MUH.1908.22.036)

Proje Numarası

PYO.MUH.1908.1908.22.036

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank the authorities of the rectorate of OMU for their support in data collection.

Kaynakça

  • Bani Shahabadi, M., Yerushalmi, L., & Haghighat, F. (2009). Impact of process design on greenhouse gas (GHG) generation by wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 43(10), 2679–2687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.040
  • Bani Shahabadi, M., Yerushalmi, L., & Haghighat, F. (2010). Estimation of greenhouse gas generation in wastewater treatment plants--model development and application. Chemosphere, 78(9), 1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.044
  • Beeftink, M., Hofs, B., Kramer, O., Odegard, I., & van der Wal, A. (2021). Carbon footprint of drinking water softening as determined by life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123925. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123925
  • Bonton, A., Bouchard, C., Barbeau, B., & Jedrzejak, S. (2012). Comparative life cycle assessment of water treatment plants. Desalination, 284, 42–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.08.035
  • Clabeaux, R., Carbajales-Dale, M., Ladner, D., & Walker, T. (2020). Assessing the carbon footprint of a university campus using a life cycle assessment approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273, 122600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122600
  • Coşkun, S., & Doğan, N. (2021). Tekstil Endüstrisinde Karbon Ayak İzinin Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.670336
  • Ecoinvent. (2019). Ecoinvent v3. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://ecoinvent.org/
  • Güller, S., & Balcı, A. (2018). Carbon Footprint Assessment of Mugla Waste Water Treatment Plant. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 22, 547–555.
  • Hofs, B., van den Broek, W., van Eckeveld, A., & van der Wal, A. (2022). Carbon footprint of drinking water over treatment plant life span (2025–2075) is probably dominated by construction phase. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 5(October 2021), 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100079
  • INCOPA. (2014). Life Cycle Analysis of Leading Coagulants : Executive Summary Format of this document. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://www.incopa.org/news/life-cycle-assessment-lca-report/
  • Karakaş, A. (2021). Effect of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Climate Change: Carbon Footprınt ın Advanced Bıologıcal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Erzurum, Türkiye, 62 pp.
  • Korea Water Resources Corporation. (2017). Technology Inspection Report of Cheong-ju Water Treatment Plant. K-Water. Retrieved in January, 1, 2024 from https://www.kwater.or.kr/web/eng/download/smreport/2017_SMReport.pdf.
  • Kyung, D., Kim, D., Park, N., & Lee, W. (2013). Estimation of CO2 emission from water treatment plant - Model development and application. Journal of Environmental Management, 131, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.019
  • Larsen, T. A. (2015). CO2-neutral wastewater treatment plants or robust, climate-friendly wastewater management? A systems perspective. Water Research, 87, 513–521. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.006
  • Maziotis, A., Sala-Garrido, R., Mocholi-Arce, M., & Molinos-Senante, M. (2023). Carbon efficiency analysis in the provision of drinking water: Estimation of optimal greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 392, 136304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136304
  • Ministry of Environment, Urbanization. and Climate Change (2014). Regulation on the Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=19678&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5.
  • Pellikainen, P., Eikebrokk, B., & Vahala, R. (2023). Importance of process design on carbon footprint from drinking water treatment by enhanced coagulation-filtration. Water Practice and Technology, 18(11), 2653–2663. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.189
  • Rothausen, S. G. S. A., & Conway, D. (2011). Greenhouse-gas emissions from energy use in the water sector. Nature Climate Change, 1(4), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1147
  • T.C. Energy and Natural Resources Ministry. (2023). Turkish National Electricity Grid Emission Factor Information Form. Retrieved in January, 1, 2024 from https://enerji.gov.tr//Media/Dizin/EVCED/tr/ÇevreVeİklim/İklimDeğişikliği/TUESEmisyonFktr/Belgeler/Bform2020.pdf.
  • TEIAS. (2023). Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://www.tedas.gov.tr/#!tedas_tarifeler.
  • Vince, F., Aoustin, E., Bréant, P., & Marechal, F. (2008). LCA tool for the environmental evaluation of potable water production. Desalination, 220(1–3), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.021
  • Yan, X., Li, L., & Liu, J. (2014). Characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in three full-scale wastewater treatment processes. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26(2), 256–263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(13)60429-5
  • Yateh, M., Li, F., Tang, Y., Li, C., & Xu, B. (2024). Energy consumption and carbon emissions management in drinking water treatment plants: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140688
  • Yüksel, Ş. B. (2017). Determining the carbon footprint of Ankara University medical faculty employees. Medical specialty thesis, Ankara, Türkiye, 70 pp.
  • Zamfiroiu, E., & Masu, S. (2007). Aspects Regarding the Efficiency of Coagulation Process for Some. 52(66), 1–2. https://chemicalbulletin.upt.ro/Chemical-Bulletin-Article_HHC.html
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 149 - 157, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.15

Öz

Proje Numarası

PYO.MUH.1908.1908.22.036

Kaynakça

  • Bani Shahabadi, M., Yerushalmi, L., & Haghighat, F. (2009). Impact of process design on greenhouse gas (GHG) generation by wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 43(10), 2679–2687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.040
  • Bani Shahabadi, M., Yerushalmi, L., & Haghighat, F. (2010). Estimation of greenhouse gas generation in wastewater treatment plants--model development and application. Chemosphere, 78(9), 1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.044
  • Beeftink, M., Hofs, B., Kramer, O., Odegard, I., & van der Wal, A. (2021). Carbon footprint of drinking water softening as determined by life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123925. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123925
  • Bonton, A., Bouchard, C., Barbeau, B., & Jedrzejak, S. (2012). Comparative life cycle assessment of water treatment plants. Desalination, 284, 42–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.08.035
  • Clabeaux, R., Carbajales-Dale, M., Ladner, D., & Walker, T. (2020). Assessing the carbon footprint of a university campus using a life cycle assessment approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273, 122600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122600
  • Coşkun, S., & Doğan, N. (2021). Tekstil Endüstrisinde Karbon Ayak İzinin Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.670336
  • Ecoinvent. (2019). Ecoinvent v3. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://ecoinvent.org/
  • Güller, S., & Balcı, A. (2018). Carbon Footprint Assessment of Mugla Waste Water Treatment Plant. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 22, 547–555.
  • Hofs, B., van den Broek, W., van Eckeveld, A., & van der Wal, A. (2022). Carbon footprint of drinking water over treatment plant life span (2025–2075) is probably dominated by construction phase. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 5(October 2021), 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100079
  • INCOPA. (2014). Life Cycle Analysis of Leading Coagulants : Executive Summary Format of this document. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://www.incopa.org/news/life-cycle-assessment-lca-report/
  • Karakaş, A. (2021). Effect of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Climate Change: Carbon Footprınt ın Advanced Bıologıcal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Erzurum, Türkiye, 62 pp.
  • Korea Water Resources Corporation. (2017). Technology Inspection Report of Cheong-ju Water Treatment Plant. K-Water. Retrieved in January, 1, 2024 from https://www.kwater.or.kr/web/eng/download/smreport/2017_SMReport.pdf.
  • Kyung, D., Kim, D., Park, N., & Lee, W. (2013). Estimation of CO2 emission from water treatment plant - Model development and application. Journal of Environmental Management, 131, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.019
  • Larsen, T. A. (2015). CO2-neutral wastewater treatment plants or robust, climate-friendly wastewater management? A systems perspective. Water Research, 87, 513–521. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.006
  • Maziotis, A., Sala-Garrido, R., Mocholi-Arce, M., & Molinos-Senante, M. (2023). Carbon efficiency analysis in the provision of drinking water: Estimation of optimal greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 392, 136304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136304
  • Ministry of Environment, Urbanization. and Climate Change (2014). Regulation on the Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=19678&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5.
  • Pellikainen, P., Eikebrokk, B., & Vahala, R. (2023). Importance of process design on carbon footprint from drinking water treatment by enhanced coagulation-filtration. Water Practice and Technology, 18(11), 2653–2663. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.189
  • Rothausen, S. G. S. A., & Conway, D. (2011). Greenhouse-gas emissions from energy use in the water sector. Nature Climate Change, 1(4), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1147
  • T.C. Energy and Natural Resources Ministry. (2023). Turkish National Electricity Grid Emission Factor Information Form. Retrieved in January, 1, 2024 from https://enerji.gov.tr//Media/Dizin/EVCED/tr/ÇevreVeİklim/İklimDeğişikliği/TUESEmisyonFktr/Belgeler/Bform2020.pdf.
  • TEIAS. (2023). Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation. Retrieved in January,1, 2024 from https://www.tedas.gov.tr/#!tedas_tarifeler.
  • Vince, F., Aoustin, E., Bréant, P., & Marechal, F. (2008). LCA tool for the environmental evaluation of potable water production. Desalination, 220(1–3), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.021
  • Yan, X., Li, L., & Liu, J. (2014). Characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in three full-scale wastewater treatment processes. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26(2), 256–263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(13)60429-5
  • Yateh, M., Li, F., Tang, Y., Li, C., & Xu, B. (2024). Energy consumption and carbon emissions management in drinking water treatment plants: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140688
  • Yüksel, Ş. B. (2017). Determining the carbon footprint of Ankara University medical faculty employees. Medical specialty thesis, Ankara, Türkiye, 70 pp.
  • Zamfiroiu, E., & Masu, S. (2007). Aspects Regarding the Efficiency of Coagulation Process for Some. 52(66), 1–2. https://chemicalbulletin.upt.ro/Chemical-Bulletin-Article_HHC.html
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik, Çevre Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sevde Ustun Odabasi 0000-0003-3533-4089

Proje Numarası PYO.MUH.1908.1908.22.036
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 23 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ustun Odabasi, S. (2024). Ondokuz Mayıs University drinking water treatment plant carbon footprint: emission sources and strategies for sustainability. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 8(1), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.15

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