Design and Fatigue Life Analysis of Air Suspension Z Type Leaf Springs Used in Heavy Commercial Vehicle
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 249 - 255, 27.03.2023
Dilşad Akgümüş Gök
,
Aysun Baltacı
Öz
Leaf springs are used as suspension elements in the front and rear axles of vehicles in the automotive industry, especially in heavy commercial vehicles. Leaf springs working all road conditions and under load, it provides damping of the loads transmitted from the wheel and from the ground to the chassis. In this way, it ensures the safety and working comfort in the vehicle. Mechanical suspension systems have been replaced by air suspension systems in new generation vehicles. In air suspension systems; Z type parabolic leaf springs, especially used in heavy commercial vehicles, is a type of leaf spring that provides spring back with air bellows. In this study; Z type parabolic leaf spring design and finite element model of this leaf spring were prepared and form and stress analyzes were performed on the model. By using finite element analysis, high-tension regions of this leaf spring were determined and the appropriate design was selected. Finally, the fatigue life of this spring was obtained in the N-Code program and physical test.
Destekleyen Kurum
Sanayi Bakanlığı ve Olgun Çelik A.Ş.
Proje Numarası
San-Tez project no: 0388.STZ.2013-2
Teşekkür
The authors would like to thank the “Ministry of Industry and Trade” and the company “Olgun Celik” for their support in this study and the implementation of the project as the “San-Tez project no: 0388.STZ.2013-2”.
Kaynakça
- [1] Al-Qureshi H.A., “Automobile leaf springs from composite materials”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 118: 58–61, (2001).
- [2] Decker M. and Savaidis G., “Measurement and analysis of wheel loads for design and fatigue evaluation of vehicle chassis components”, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 25: 1103–1119, (2002).
- [3] Gandhi S., Chinnasamy V. and Kumaravelan R., et all., “Performance analysis of leaf spring by contact mechanics approach based on the nature of material properties”, Transactions of Famena, 38: 87–96, (2014).
- [4] Hao K.M., Xu W.B. and Li B., “Design of test bench for automotive leaf spring”, Advanced Materials Research, 1718–1722, (2013).
- [5] Kanbolat A., Soner M. and Karaağaç M., “Parabolic leaf spring optimization and fatigue strength evaluation on the base of road load data, endurance rig tests and non-linear finite element analysis”, SAE Technical Paper Series, (2011).
- [6] Jonson O. and Enders E., “Correlation work on shaker rig tests and simulations”, Master’s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Automotive Engineering, (2016).
- [7] Pradeep R., “Experimental evaluation and finite element analysis of composite leaf spring for automotive vehicle”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17: 1760-1763, (2013).
- [8] Srivastava A. and Choudhary S., “Design and structural analysis of Jute/E-glass woven fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composite leaf spring under static loading”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Research, 3: 573-582, (2013).
- [9] Deshmukh B.B. and Jaju S.B., “Design and analysis of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) leaf spring”, In 2011 Fourth International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IEEE, 82–87, (2011).
- [10] Huizinga F.T.M.J.M., Van Ostaijen R.A.A. and Van Oosten Slingeland A., “A practical approach to virtual testing in automotive engineering”, Journal of Engineering Design, 13: 33–47, (2002).
- [11] Kong Y.S., Omar M.Z., Chua L.B. and Abdullah S., “Fatigue life prediction of parabolic leaf spring under various road conditions”, Engineering Failure Analysis, 46: 92–103, (2014).
- [12] Malikoutsakis M., and Savaidis G., “Calculation of mechanical response of leaf springs using nastran and abaqus–a comparative study”, 31st International Symposium on Mechanics of Materials, 151-158, (2010).
- [13] Omar M. A., Shabana A. A. and Mikkola A., “Multibody system modeling of leaf springs, Journal of Vibration and Control”, Journal of Vibration and Control, 10(11): 1601-1638, (2004).
- [14] Wu N., “Finite element analysis of automobile leaf spring bassed on Pro/E”, Advanced Materials Research, 1250–1253, (2013).
Ağır Ticari Araçlarda Kullanılan Hava Süspansiyonlu Z Tipi Yaprak Yayların Tasarımı ve Yorulma Ömrü Analizi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 249 - 255, 27.03.2023
Dilşad Akgümüş Gök
,
Aysun Baltacı
Öz
Otomotiv sektöründe özellikle ağır ticari araçlarda araçların ön ve arka akslarında süspansiyon elemanı olarak yaprak yaylar kullanılmaktadır. Her türlü yol koşulunda ve yük altında çalışan yaprak yaylar, tekerlekten ve yerden şasiye iletilen yüklerin sönümlenmesini sağlar. Bu sayede araçta güvenlik ve çalışma konforu sağlar. Yeni nesil araçlarda mekanik süspansiyon sistemleri yerini havalı süspansiyon sistemlerine bırakmıştır. Havalı süspansiyon sistemlerinde; Özellikle ağır ticari araçlarda kullanılan Z tipi parabolik yaprak yaylar, hava körükleri ile geri esneme sağlayan yaprak yay türüdür. Bu çalışmada, Z tipi parabolik yaprak yay tasarımı ve bu yayın sonlu elemanlar analiz yöntemi ile hazırlanan model üzerinden form ve gerilme analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar analizi kullanılarak bu yaprak yayın yüksek gerilim bölgeleri belirlenmiş ve uygun tasarım seçilmiştir. Son olarak N-Code programında ve fiziksel testler ile bu yaprak yaya ait yorulma ömrü elde edilmiştir.
Proje Numarası
San-Tez project no: 0388.STZ.2013-2
Kaynakça
- [1] Al-Qureshi H.A., “Automobile leaf springs from composite materials”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 118: 58–61, (2001).
- [2] Decker M. and Savaidis G., “Measurement and analysis of wheel loads for design and fatigue evaluation of vehicle chassis components”, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 25: 1103–1119, (2002).
- [3] Gandhi S., Chinnasamy V. and Kumaravelan R., et all., “Performance analysis of leaf spring by contact mechanics approach based on the nature of material properties”, Transactions of Famena, 38: 87–96, (2014).
- [4] Hao K.M., Xu W.B. and Li B., “Design of test bench for automotive leaf spring”, Advanced Materials Research, 1718–1722, (2013).
- [5] Kanbolat A., Soner M. and Karaağaç M., “Parabolic leaf spring optimization and fatigue strength evaluation on the base of road load data, endurance rig tests and non-linear finite element analysis”, SAE Technical Paper Series, (2011).
- [6] Jonson O. and Enders E., “Correlation work on shaker rig tests and simulations”, Master’s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Automotive Engineering, (2016).
- [7] Pradeep R., “Experimental evaluation and finite element analysis of composite leaf spring for automotive vehicle”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17: 1760-1763, (2013).
- [8] Srivastava A. and Choudhary S., “Design and structural analysis of Jute/E-glass woven fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composite leaf spring under static loading”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Research, 3: 573-582, (2013).
- [9] Deshmukh B.B. and Jaju S.B., “Design and analysis of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) leaf spring”, In 2011 Fourth International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IEEE, 82–87, (2011).
- [10] Huizinga F.T.M.J.M., Van Ostaijen R.A.A. and Van Oosten Slingeland A., “A practical approach to virtual testing in automotive engineering”, Journal of Engineering Design, 13: 33–47, (2002).
- [11] Kong Y.S., Omar M.Z., Chua L.B. and Abdullah S., “Fatigue life prediction of parabolic leaf spring under various road conditions”, Engineering Failure Analysis, 46: 92–103, (2014).
- [12] Malikoutsakis M., and Savaidis G., “Calculation of mechanical response of leaf springs using nastran and abaqus–a comparative study”, 31st International Symposium on Mechanics of Materials, 151-158, (2010).
- [13] Omar M. A., Shabana A. A. and Mikkola A., “Multibody system modeling of leaf springs, Journal of Vibration and Control”, Journal of Vibration and Control, 10(11): 1601-1638, (2004).
- [14] Wu N., “Finite element analysis of automobile leaf spring bassed on Pro/E”, Advanced Materials Research, 1250–1253, (2013).