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The Theme of Exile in V. S. Naipaul's Half a Life

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 209 - 229, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1421503

Öz

The concept of exile is extensively addressed in the field of literature as well as in different disciplines of the social sciences. In the field of literature and literary studies, exile is depicted through various genres of fiction and plays an important role in the works of writers from different historical, linguistic, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds. Indian writers who have merged into the mainstream of English literature have also given considerable focus to the theme of exile in their literary works. One of these writers, V. S. Naipaul, as an intellectual who has experienced exile, creatively explores themes of exile, displacement, alienation, identity, homelessness, and rootlessness. Through fictional characters such as Willie Somerset Chandran in Half a Life (2001), the author shows how individuals in the Third World try to survive in a complex, multicultural world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse V. S. Naipaul’s protagonist, Willie Chandran Somerset’s experience of exile in alien lands, taking into account the views and approaches of significant critics and scholars such as Edward Said, Abraham Maslow, Burke, and Stets. The study also aims to show how exile offers the protagonist the opportunity to explore the true state from a wider perspective.

Kaynakça

  • Agamben, Giorgio (2007). Sovereignty and Life. In Calarco, M. and DeCaroli, S. (Ed.). California: Stanford University Press.
  • Antara, Anouar (2016). Edward Said and Exile: A Gaze at Counterpoint. DEBATS · Annual Review, 1, pp. 145-149.
  • Anwar, Nazia, Mangrio Riaz Ahmed and Abbas Ghulam (2020). Dislocation and Exile: A Critical Study of River of Fire by Quart ul ain Haidar. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 4(1), pp. 01-11.
  • Ashok, Tupakula (2016). V.S. Naipaul's Half a Life: The Nascent Mulatto Identity Crisis. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Translation Studie, 3(4), pp. 368-375.
  • Boldor, Alexandru (2005). Exile as Severance. Unpublished Phd Dissertation, Louisiana.
  • Brodsky, Joseph (1994). The Condition We Call Exile. In Robinson, M. (Ed.), Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile (pp. 3-12). USA: Faber&Faber, Inc.
  • Burke, Peter and Stets, Jan (2009). Identity Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
  • Clarke, Simon (2008). Culture and Identity. The SAGE Handbook of Cultural Analysis.
  • Feist, Jess and Feist, Gregory (2006). Theories of Personality. USA: McGraw-Hill.
  • Goldstein, Kurt (1939). The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived From Pathological Data in Man. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston, Atlanta, Dallas, San Francisco: American Book Company.
  • Cortazar, Julio (1994). The Fellowship of Exile. In Robinson, M. (Ed.), Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile (pp. 171-179). USA: Faber&Faber, Inc.
  • Grossberg, Lawrence (1996). Identity and Cultural Studies: Is That All There Is? In S. Hall and Paul du Gay (Ed.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 87-107). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Hagerty, Bonnie, Williams, Reg Arthur and Oe, Hiroaki (2002). Childhood Antecedents of Adult Sense of Belonging. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(7), pp. 793-801.
  • Hall. Stuart (1993). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. In P.Williams and L. Chrisman (Ed.), Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory (pp. 392-403). Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Hall, Stuart (1996). Who Needs Identity? In S. Hall and Paul Du Gay (Ed.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 1-18). London: SAGE Publications.
  • Haldar, Santwana (2002). V.S. Naipul’s Half a Life: The Colonial Context and Some Postcolonial Issues. In Mohit Kumar Ray (Ed.), V.S. Naipaul: Critical Essays. Volume-II. (pp. 226-249). New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.
  • Korostelina, Karina (2007). Meaning of Social Identity. In Social Identity and Conflict: Structures, Dynamics and Implications (pp. 74-77). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kroger, Jane and Marcia, James (2011). The Identity Statuses: Origins, Meanings and Interpretations. In S.J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx and V.L. Vignoles (Ed.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 31-53). Springer Science Business Media, LLC.
  • Lansing, Richard (Ed.). (2000). The Dante Encyclopedia. New York & London: Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Maslow, Abraham (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper.
  • Maslow, Abraham (1971). The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York: The Viking Press.
  • McClennen, Sophia (2004). The Dialects of Exile: Nation, Time, Language and Space in Hispanic Literature. West Lafayette: IN, Purdue University Press.
  • Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad (2001). Half a Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Oğuz, Ayla (2017). The Concept of Self-Actualization in Hanif Kureishi’s Gabriel’s Gift. International Journal of Language Academy, 5(8), pp. 32-42.
  • Oyserman, D. and Leah, J. (2011). Possible Identities. In Seth J. Schwartz, Koen Luyckx and Vivian L. Vignoles (Ed.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. Vol. 1. (Structures and Processes) (pp. 117-145). New York: Springer.
  • Pandey, Neeta (2013). Naipaul’s Discovery of India in an Area of Darkness. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 17(4), pp. 16-18.
  • Said, Edward (1994). Representations of the Intellectual. New York: Vintage Books. Said, Edward (2001). Reflections on Exile and Other Literary and Cultural Essays. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Suertegaray and et al. (1992). Sense of Belonging: A Vital Mental Health Concept. Arch Psychiatr, 6(3), pp. 172-177.
  • Tabori, Paul (1972). The Anatomy of Exile. London: Harrap.
  • Trepte, Sabine (2006). Social Identity Theory. In Jennings Bryant and Peter Vorderer (Ed.), Psychology of Entertainment, (pp. 255-272). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Vryan, Kevin (2007). Identity: Social Psychological Aspects. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (pp. 2216-2220). UK: Blackwell Publishing.

V. S. Naıpaul’ın Half a Life Eserinde Sürgün İzleği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 209 - 229, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1421503

Öz

Sürgün kavramı sosyal bilimlerin farklı disiplinlerinde olduğu gibi edebiyat alanında da yoğun şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Sürgün, edebiyat ve edebi araştırmalar alanında çeşitli kurgu türleri aracılığıyla anlatılır ve farklı tarihsel, dilsel, kültürel ve etnik kökenlerden gelen yazarların yapıtlarında önemli rol oynamaktadır. İngiliz edebiyatının ana akımına karışan Hintli yazarlar da çalışmalarında sürgün izleğine geniş şekilde yer vermektedirler. Bu yazarlardan biri olan V. S. Naipaul daha önce sürgün deneyimini yaşamış entelektüel olarak yapıtlarında sürgün, yerinden edinme, yabancılaşma, kimlik ve köksüzlük gibi temaları yaratıcı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Yazar, Half a Life (2001) eserinde Willie Somerset Chandran gibi kurgusal karakterler aracığıyla Üçüncü Dünya’daki bireylerin karmaşık, çok kültürlü bir dünyada nasıl hayatta kalmaya çalıştıklarını sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı V. S. Naipaul’un kahramanı Willie Chandran Somerset’in yabancı topraklardaki sürgün deneyimi Edward Said, Abraham Maslow, Burke ve Stets gibi önemli eleştirmenlerin görüşleri ve yaklaşımları dikkate alınarak incelemeyi esas almaktadır. Çalışma aynı zamanda sürgünün kahramana kendi gerçek durumunu daha geniş bir perspektiften keşfetme fırsatını nasıl sunduğunu göstermeyi de amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Agamben, Giorgio (2007). Sovereignty and Life. In Calarco, M. and DeCaroli, S. (Ed.). California: Stanford University Press.
  • Antara, Anouar (2016). Edward Said and Exile: A Gaze at Counterpoint. DEBATS · Annual Review, 1, pp. 145-149.
  • Anwar, Nazia, Mangrio Riaz Ahmed and Abbas Ghulam (2020). Dislocation and Exile: A Critical Study of River of Fire by Quart ul ain Haidar. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 4(1), pp. 01-11.
  • Ashok, Tupakula (2016). V.S. Naipaul's Half a Life: The Nascent Mulatto Identity Crisis. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Translation Studie, 3(4), pp. 368-375.
  • Boldor, Alexandru (2005). Exile as Severance. Unpublished Phd Dissertation, Louisiana.
  • Brodsky, Joseph (1994). The Condition We Call Exile. In Robinson, M. (Ed.), Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile (pp. 3-12). USA: Faber&Faber, Inc.
  • Burke, Peter and Stets, Jan (2009). Identity Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
  • Clarke, Simon (2008). Culture and Identity. The SAGE Handbook of Cultural Analysis.
  • Feist, Jess and Feist, Gregory (2006). Theories of Personality. USA: McGraw-Hill.
  • Goldstein, Kurt (1939). The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived From Pathological Data in Man. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston, Atlanta, Dallas, San Francisco: American Book Company.
  • Cortazar, Julio (1994). The Fellowship of Exile. In Robinson, M. (Ed.), Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile (pp. 171-179). USA: Faber&Faber, Inc.
  • Grossberg, Lawrence (1996). Identity and Cultural Studies: Is That All There Is? In S. Hall and Paul du Gay (Ed.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 87-107). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Hagerty, Bonnie, Williams, Reg Arthur and Oe, Hiroaki (2002). Childhood Antecedents of Adult Sense of Belonging. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(7), pp. 793-801.
  • Hall. Stuart (1993). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. In P.Williams and L. Chrisman (Ed.), Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory (pp. 392-403). Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Hall, Stuart (1996). Who Needs Identity? In S. Hall and Paul Du Gay (Ed.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 1-18). London: SAGE Publications.
  • Haldar, Santwana (2002). V.S. Naipul’s Half a Life: The Colonial Context and Some Postcolonial Issues. In Mohit Kumar Ray (Ed.), V.S. Naipaul: Critical Essays. Volume-II. (pp. 226-249). New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.
  • Korostelina, Karina (2007). Meaning of Social Identity. In Social Identity and Conflict: Structures, Dynamics and Implications (pp. 74-77). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kroger, Jane and Marcia, James (2011). The Identity Statuses: Origins, Meanings and Interpretations. In S.J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx and V.L. Vignoles (Ed.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 31-53). Springer Science Business Media, LLC.
  • Lansing, Richard (Ed.). (2000). The Dante Encyclopedia. New York & London: Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Maslow, Abraham (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper.
  • Maslow, Abraham (1971). The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York: The Viking Press.
  • McClennen, Sophia (2004). The Dialects of Exile: Nation, Time, Language and Space in Hispanic Literature. West Lafayette: IN, Purdue University Press.
  • Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad (2001). Half a Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Oğuz, Ayla (2017). The Concept of Self-Actualization in Hanif Kureishi’s Gabriel’s Gift. International Journal of Language Academy, 5(8), pp. 32-42.
  • Oyserman, D. and Leah, J. (2011). Possible Identities. In Seth J. Schwartz, Koen Luyckx and Vivian L. Vignoles (Ed.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. Vol. 1. (Structures and Processes) (pp. 117-145). New York: Springer.
  • Pandey, Neeta (2013). Naipaul’s Discovery of India in an Area of Darkness. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 17(4), pp. 16-18.
  • Said, Edward (1994). Representations of the Intellectual. New York: Vintage Books. Said, Edward (2001). Reflections on Exile and Other Literary and Cultural Essays. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Suertegaray and et al. (1992). Sense of Belonging: A Vital Mental Health Concept. Arch Psychiatr, 6(3), pp. 172-177.
  • Tabori, Paul (1972). The Anatomy of Exile. London: Harrap.
  • Trepte, Sabine (2006). Social Identity Theory. In Jennings Bryant and Peter Vorderer (Ed.), Psychology of Entertainment, (pp. 255-272). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Vryan, Kevin (2007). Identity: Social Psychological Aspects. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (pp. 2216-2220). UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kuzey Amerika Dilleri, Edebiyatları ve Kültürleri
Bölüm EDEBİYAT / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Zamire İzzetgil 0000-0002-6208-513X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA İzzetgil, Z. (2024). The Theme of Exile in V. S. Naipaul’s Half a Life. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 9(1), 209-229. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1421503