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ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 86 - 100, 27.10.2023

Öz

Antropojenik iklim değişikliği, insanlığın da dâhil olduğu canlı doğa için en yakın hayatî tehdit olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Böyleyken iklim değişikliği şüpheciliği ve inkârcılığı ile eko-faşizm, krize yönelik demokratik çözüm arayışlarının ve uyum politikalarının altını oymaktadır. Siyaset bilimi de bu ciddi tehdit unsurlarını tanımlamak, anlamlandırmak ve çeşitli veçheleriyle gözler önüne sermek için yoğun bir çaba göstermeye ve bu konuda geniş bir literatür oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Söz konusu yayınların değerlendirilmesi neticesinde şüphecilik ve inkârcılık ile eko-faşizm kavramlarına dair karşılaştırmalı nitelikte sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır. Şüphecilik ve inkârcılık, özellikle Batılı toplumlarda iklim değişikliğinin varlığını veya antropojenik niteliğini gözden düşürmeye yönelik fikir, eylem ve politikaları ifade etmektedir. Bunlar genellikle ulusal egemenlik fikri ile arasındaki gerilimli ilişkiden dolayı küresel nitelikli uyum politikalarını reddeden, çoğunlukla eril, milliyetçi veya popülist siyasal tutumlardır. Eko-faşizm ise doğayı kurtarmak için insandan vazgeçen veya etnik grup ile çevresi arasında mitsel bir ayrılmazlık fikriyle hareket ederek ikisi arasına giren her türlü farklılığı çevresel tehdit olarak algılayan ve bunları ayıklamak için şiddet kullanmaktan çekinmeyen, çoğunlukla beyaz, eril ve zenofobik tutumları ifade etmiştir. İklim değişimine bakış açıları temelde farklılaşsa da ikisinin ortak noktaları dar yerel çıkarları uzun vadeli küresel çıkarların önüne koymaları, bilimsel verilerden ziyade hakikat-sonrası tasavvurlarla donanmaları, anti-entelektüalizm ile harmanlanmış anti-elitizmleri ve epistemolojik bir tutarlılık beklentisiyle hareket etmemeleridir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu siyasal akımların temel nitelikleri analiz edilmiş ve siyasal karar alıcılar için belirli bir çerçeveye kavuşturulmuştur.

Kaynakça

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  • Cheung, H. (2020, Januarry 23). What does Trump actually believe on climate change? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-51213003. [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Conversi, D. (2020). The Ultimate challenge: Nationalism and climate change. Nationalities Papers, 48(4), 625-636. doi:10.1017/nps.2020.18 Crutzen, P. J. (2002). Geology of mankind. Nature, 415, 23. https://doi.org/10.1038/415023a
  • Dunlap, R. E. & McCright, A. M. (2008). A widening gap: Republican and Democratic views on climate change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 50(5), 26-35. DOI: 10.3200/ENVT.50.5.26-35
  • Dunlap, R. E. (2013). Climate change skepticism and denial: An introduction. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(6): 691–698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213477097.
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2019). Antroposen çağında Marx ve Eko-Marksizm(ler): Toplum-doğa ilişkisinin diyalektiği. Praksis, (50), 179 - 203.
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2021). Antroposen, posthümanizm ve uluslararası ilişkiler kuramının „ekoloji‟ taahhüdünün tarihsel materyalist eleştirisi. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 18(71) , 87-107. DOI: 10.33458/uidergisi.91203
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2023). Antroposen‟i nasıl anlamalıyız? Eleştirel gerçekçilik, diyalektik materyalizm ve özne sorunsalı. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 56(2), 35-62.
  • Fisher, M. & Achenbach, J. (2019). Boundless racism, zero remorse: A manifesto of hate and 49 dead in New Zealand. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/boundless-racism-zero-remorse-a-manifesto-of-hate-and-49-dead-in-new-zealand/2019/03/15/3d407c64-4738-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html. [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Forchtner B. & Lubarda, B. (2023). Scepticisms and beyond? A comprehensive portrait of climate change communication by the far right in the European Parliament. Environmental Politics, 32(1), 43-68. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2022.2048556
  • Forchtner, B. & Kølvraa, C. (2015). The nature of nationalism: populist radical right parties on countryside and climate. Nature and Culture, 10(2), 199–224. doi:10.3167/nc.2015.100204
  • Forchtner, B. (2019). Articulations of climate change by the Austrian far right: A discourse-historical perspective on what is „allegedly manmade‟. In R. Wodak and P. Bevelander (Eds.), Europe at the Crossroad: Confronting Populist, Nationalist and Global Challenges (pp. 159-179). Lund: Nordic Academic Press.
  • Forchtner, B., Kroneder, A. & Wetzel, D. (2018). Being skeptical? Exploring far-right climate change communication in Germany. Environmental Communication, 12(5), 589–604. DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2018.1470546
  • Gemenis, K., Katsanidou, A. & Vasilopoulou, S. (2012). The politics of antienvironmentalism: Positional issue framing by the European radical right. Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Annual Conference 2012 - Chicago, IL, USA, 12–15 April 2012, Chicago. https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/6153509/MPSA.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2023]
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Skepticism, Denialism, and Eco-Fascism: A Comparative Essay on the Nightmare of Climate Change Adaptation Policies

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 86 - 100, 27.10.2023

Öz

Anthropogenic climate change is considered to be the closest vital threat to the bios including human being. Meanwhile, climate change skepticism and denialism, and eco-fascism undermine efforts for democratic solutions and adaptation policies about the crisis. Political science has also begun to make an intense effort to define, interprate, and reveal these serious threats in various aspects, and to create a large literature on this subject. As a result of the evaluation of the publications, comparative results are made out regarding the concepts of skepticism and denialism and eco-fascism. Skepticism and denialism express ideas, actions and policies aimed at discrediting the existence of climate change or its anthropogenic nature, especially in Western societies. These are mostly masculine, nationalist or populist political attitudes that reject global adaptation policies due to its controversial relations with the idea of national sovereignty. Eco-fascism, on the other hand, expresses mostly white, masculine and xenophobic attitudes that give up on people in order to save nature, or act with the idea of a mythical inseparability between the ethnic group and its environment, perceiving all kinds of differences as an environmental threat and do not hesitate to use violence to eliminate them. Although their perspectives on climate change differ fundamentally, the common points of the both are that they put narrow local interests before long-term global interests, they are equipped with post-truth visions rather than scientific data, they champion anti-elitism blended with anti-intellectualism, and they do not act with the expectation of epistemological consistency. In this study, the basic characteristics of these political movements have been analyzed and a certain framework has been provided for political decision makers.

Kaynakça

  • Achenbach, J. (2019, August 18). Two mass killings a world apart share a common theme: „ecofascism‟. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/two-mass-murders-a-world-apart-share-a-common-theme-ecofascism/2019/08/18/0079a676-bec4-11e9-b873-63ace636af08_story.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.08.2023).
  • Armiero, M. & von Hardenberg, W. G. (2013). Green rhetoric in blackshirts: Italian fascism and the environment. Environment and History, 19(3), 283–311. https://doi.org/10.3197/096734013X13690716950064
  • Biehl, J. & Staudenmaier, P. (2011). Ecofascism revisited: Lessons from the German experience. Porsgrunn: New Compass Press. Bookchin, M. (1987). Social ecology versus Deep Ecology: a challenge for the ecology movement. Green Perspectives: Newsletter of the Green Program Project, 4–5. Available at: http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murraybookchin-social-ecology-versus-deep-ecology-a-challenge-for-the-ecologymovement [Erişim tarihi: 27.08.2023].
  • Capstick, S. B. & Pidgeon, N. F. (2014). What is climate change scepticism? Examination of the concept using a mixed methods study of the UK public. Global Environmental Change, 24, 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.012.
  • Cheung, H. (2020, Januarry 23). What does Trump actually believe on climate change? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-51213003. [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Conversi, D. (2020). The Ultimate challenge: Nationalism and climate change. Nationalities Papers, 48(4), 625-636. doi:10.1017/nps.2020.18 Crutzen, P. J. (2002). Geology of mankind. Nature, 415, 23. https://doi.org/10.1038/415023a
  • Dunlap, R. E. & McCright, A. M. (2008). A widening gap: Republican and Democratic views on climate change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 50(5), 26-35. DOI: 10.3200/ENVT.50.5.26-35
  • Dunlap, R. E. (2013). Climate change skepticism and denial: An introduction. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(6): 691–698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213477097.
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2019). Antroposen çağında Marx ve Eko-Marksizm(ler): Toplum-doğa ilişkisinin diyalektiği. Praksis, (50), 179 - 203.
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2021). Antroposen, posthümanizm ve uluslararası ilişkiler kuramının „ekoloji‟ taahhüdünün tarihsel materyalist eleştirisi. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 18(71) , 87-107. DOI: 10.33458/uidergisi.91203
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2023). Antroposen‟i nasıl anlamalıyız? Eleştirel gerçekçilik, diyalektik materyalizm ve özne sorunsalı. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 56(2), 35-62.
  • Fisher, M. & Achenbach, J. (2019). Boundless racism, zero remorse: A manifesto of hate and 49 dead in New Zealand. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/boundless-racism-zero-remorse-a-manifesto-of-hate-and-49-dead-in-new-zealand/2019/03/15/3d407c64-4738-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html. [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Forchtner B. & Lubarda, B. (2023). Scepticisms and beyond? A comprehensive portrait of climate change communication by the far right in the European Parliament. Environmental Politics, 32(1), 43-68. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2022.2048556
  • Forchtner, B. & Kølvraa, C. (2015). The nature of nationalism: populist radical right parties on countryside and climate. Nature and Culture, 10(2), 199–224. doi:10.3167/nc.2015.100204
  • Forchtner, B. (2019). Articulations of climate change by the Austrian far right: A discourse-historical perspective on what is „allegedly manmade‟. In R. Wodak and P. Bevelander (Eds.), Europe at the Crossroad: Confronting Populist, Nationalist and Global Challenges (pp. 159-179). Lund: Nordic Academic Press.
  • Forchtner, B., Kroneder, A. & Wetzel, D. (2018). Being skeptical? Exploring far-right climate change communication in Germany. Environmental Communication, 12(5), 589–604. DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2018.1470546
  • Gemenis, K., Katsanidou, A. & Vasilopoulou, S. (2012). The politics of antienvironmentalism: Positional issue framing by the European radical right. Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Annual Conference 2012 - Chicago, IL, USA, 12–15 April 2012, Chicago. https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/6153509/MPSA.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2023]
  • Ginn, F. (2008). Extension, subversion, containment: Eco-nationalism and (post)colonial nature in Aotearoa New Zealand. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 33(3), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2008.00307.x
  • Graßl, H. (2009). Scenarios of climate change. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 176, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-01144-1
  • Guardian News. (2020). Trump denies climate change link to wildfires: 'I don't think science knows' [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-DZRO687l0. [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Hultman, M., Björk, A. & Viinikka, T. (2019). Denouncing environmental challenges via anti-establishment rhetoric, marketing of doubts, industrial/breadwinner masculinities enactments and ethno-nationalism. In Bernhard Forchtner (Ed.), The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication (pp. 121-135) London: Routledge.
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  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014a). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L.White (eds.)]. Cambridge, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014b). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L.White (eds.)]. Cambridge, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jaspal, R., Nerlich, B. & Lemańcyzk, S. (2014). Fracking in the Polish press: Geopolitics and national identity. Energy Policy, 74, 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.09.007.
  • Jylhä, K.M. & Hellmer, K. (2020). Right-wing populism and climate change denial: The roles of exclusionary and anti-egalitarian preferences, conservative ideology, and antiestablishment attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 20(1), 315–335. doi:10.1111/asap.12203
  • Kropotkin, P. (2014 [1899]). Tarlalar, Fabrikalar ve Atölyeler – Yarın. (Çev. S. Sevinç). Çanakkale: Kaos. Kulin, J.,
  • Sevä I. J. & Dunlap, R. E. (2021). Nationalist ideology, rightwing populism, and public views about climate change in Europe. Environmental Politics, 30(7), 1111-1134. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2021.1898879
  • Lockwood, M. (2018). Right-Wing populism and the climate change agenda: exploring the linkages. Environmental Politics, 27(4), 712–732. doi:10.1080/09644016.2018.1458411
  • Lorenzoni, I., Nicholson-Cole, S., Whitmarsh, L. (2007). Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications. Global Environmental Change, 17, 445–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.01.004
  • Macklin, G. (2022). The extreme right, climate change and terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 34(5), 979-996. DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2022.2069928
  • Mann, M. E. (2012). The hockey stick and the climate wars. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Marcinkiewicz, K. & Tosun, J. (2015). Contesting climate change: mapping the political debate in Poland. East European Politics, 31(2), 187-207. DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2015.1022648
  • Margulies, M. (2021). Eco-Nationalism: A historical evaluation of nationalist praxes in environmentalist and ecologist movements. Consilience, 23, 22-29. https://doi.org/10.7916/consilience.vi23.6226
  • Marquardt, J. M., Oliveira, C. & Lederer, M. (2022). Same, same but different? How democratically elected right-wing populists shape climate change policymaking. Environmental Politics, 31(5), 777-800. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2022.2053423
  • McCright, A. M. & Dunlap, R. E. (2000). Challenging global warming as a social problem: An analysis of the conservative movement‟s counter-claims. Social Problems, 47(4), 499–522. https://doi.org/10.2307/3097132
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J. & Wehrens W. W. III. (1978). Ekonomik büyümenin sınırları. (Çev. K. Tosun). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Moore, J. W. (2015). Hayatın dokusundaki kapitalizm: Sermaye birikimi ve ekoloji. (Çev. A. Munzur). Ankara: Epos. Moore, J. W. (Ed.). (2016). Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, history and the crisis of capitalism. Oakland, CA: PM Press.
  • Olwig, K. R. (2003). Natives and aliens in the national landscape. Landscape Research, 28(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426390306525
  • Oreskes, N. & Conway. E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Pielke, R., Prins, G., Rayner, S. & Sarewitz D. (2007). Lifting the taboo on adaptation. Nature, 445, 597–598. https://doi.org/10.1038/445597a
  • Plass, G. N. (1956). The carbon dioxide theory of climatic change. Tellus, 8(2), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1956.tb01206.x
  • Pompeo, M. R. (2019). On the U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. U.S. Department of State. https://2017-2021.state.gov/on-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement/ [Erişim tarihi: 29.08.2023].
  • Poortinga, W., Spence, A., Whitmarsh, L., Capstick, S., Pidgeon, N.F. (2011). Uncertain climate: An investigation of public scepticism about anthropogenic climate change. Global Environmental Change, 21(3), 1015–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.03.001
  • Rahmstorf, S. (2004). The climate sceptics. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. https://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/Publications/Other/rahmstorf_climate_sceptics_2004.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 21.08.2023]
  • Rees W. E. & Wackernagel, M. (2023). Ecological footprint accounting: Thirty tears and still gathering steam. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 65(5), 5-18. DOI: 10.1080/00139157.2023.2225405
  • Richards, I., Jones, C. & Brinn, G. (2022). Eco-fascism online: Conceptualizing far-right actors‟ response to climate change on Stormfront. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2022.2156036
  • Ronfeldt, D. & Arquilla, J. (2020). Whose story wins: Rise of the noosphere, noopolitik, and ınformation-age statecraft. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA237-1.html. [Erişim tarihi: 16.09.2022].
  • Roussopoulos, D. (2017). Politik ekoloji: İklim krizi ve yeni toplumsal gündem. (Çev. F. D. Elhüseyni). İstanbul: Sümer. Smith, A. D. (1994a). Millî kimlik. (Çev. B. S. Şener). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Smith, A. D. (1994b). Ethno-symbolism and Nationalism: A cultural approach. London: Routledge.
  • Steffen, W., Crutzen, P. J. & McNeill J. R. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 36(8), 614-621. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (t.y.). Kyoto Protokolü. https://iklim.gov.tr/kyoto-protokolu-i-35. [Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2023].
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (t.y.). Montreal Protokolü. https://iklim.gov.tr/montreal-protokolu-i-38. [Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2023].
  • T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (t.y.). Paris Anlaşması. https://iklim.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi-i-34. [Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2023].
  • The Washington Post. (2019, December 3). Trump: „Climate change is very important to me [Video]. https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/politics/trump-climate-change-is-very-important-to-me/2019/12/03/fd19a429-9b72-4a9e-a673-4cc22662abae_video.html [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Trump on climate change report: 'I don't believe it'. (2018). BBC News, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46351940. [Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2023].
  • Trump, D. J. [@realDonaldTrump]. (6 November 2012). The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive [Tweet]. Twitter, X. https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385
  • UNFCCC (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf, [Erişim tarihi: 27.01.2023].
  • UNFCCC (2009). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/11a01.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 27.01.2023].
  • Vowles, K. & Hultman, M. (2021). Dead white men vs. Greta Thunberg: Nationalism, misogyny, and climate change denial in Swedish far-right digital media. Australian Feminist Studies, 36(110), 414-431. DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2062669
  • Weart, S. (2011). Global warming: How skepticism became denial. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 67(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340210392966
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Politik Ekoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Halil Kanadıkırık 0000-0002-7215-1073

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kanadıkırık, H. (2023). ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 86-100.
AMA Kanadıkırık H. ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ. TAÜUBF. Ekim 2023;3(2):86-100.
Chicago Kanadıkırık, Halil. “ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ”. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Ekim 2023): 86-100.
EndNote Kanadıkırık H (01 Ekim 2023) ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 3 2 86–100.
IEEE H. Kanadıkırık, “ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ”, TAÜUBF, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 86–100, 2023.
ISNAD Kanadıkırık, Halil. “ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ”. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 3/2 (Ekim 2023), 86-100.
JAMA Kanadıkırık H. ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ. TAÜUBF. 2023;3:86–100.
MLA Kanadıkırık, Halil. “ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ”. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 86-100.
Vancouver Kanadıkırık H. ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ. TAÜUBF. 2023;3(2):86-100.