ŞÜPHECİLİK, İNKÂRCILIK VE EKO-FAŞİZM: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM POLİTİKALARININ KÂBUSU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 86 - 100, 27.10.2023

Halil Kanadıkırık

Öz

Antropojenik iklim değişikliği, insanlığın da dâhil olduğu canlı doğa için en yakın hayatî tehdit olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Böyleyken iklim değişikliği şüpheciliği ve inkârcılığı ile eko-faşizm, krize yönelik demokratik çözüm arayışlarının ve uyum politikalarının altını oymaktadır. Siyaset bilimi de bu ciddi tehdit unsurlarını tanımlamak, anlamlandırmak ve çeşitli veçheleriyle gözler önüne sermek için yoğun bir çaba göstermeye ve bu konuda geniş bir literatür oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Söz konusu yayınların değerlendirilmesi neticesinde şüphecilik ve inkârcılık ile eko-faşizm kavramlarına dair karşılaştırmalı nitelikte sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır. Şüphecilik ve inkârcılık, özellikle Batılı toplumlarda iklim değişikliğinin varlığını veya antropojenik niteliğini gözden düşürmeye yönelik fikir, eylem ve politikaları ifade etmektedir. Bunlar genellikle ulusal egemenlik fikri ile arasındaki gerilimli ilişkiden dolayı küresel nitelikli uyum politikalarını reddeden, çoğunlukla eril, milliyetçi veya popülist siyasal tutumlardır. Eko-faşizm ise doğayı kurtarmak için insandan vazgeçen veya etnik grup ile çevresi arasında mitsel bir ayrılmazlık fikriyle hareket ederek ikisi arasına giren her türlü farklılığı çevresel tehdit olarak algılayan ve bunları ayıklamak için şiddet kullanmaktan çekinmeyen, çoğunlukla beyaz, eril ve zenofobik tutumları ifade etmiştir. İklim değişimine bakış açıları temelde farklılaşsa da ikisinin ortak noktaları dar yerel çıkarları uzun vadeli küresel çıkarların önüne koymaları, bilimsel verilerden ziyade hakikat-sonrası tasavvurlarla donanmaları, anti-entelektüalizm ile harmanlanmış anti-elitizmleri ve epistemolojik bir tutarlılık beklentisiyle hareket etmemeleridir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu siyasal akımların temel nitelikleri analiz edilmiş ve siyasal karar alıcılar için belirli bir çerçeveye kavuşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eko-Faşizm, Ekoloji, İklim Değişikliği, İnkârcılık, Şüphecilik

Skepticism, Denialism, and Eco-Fascism: A Comparative Essay on the Nightmare of Climate Change Adaptation Policies

Öz

Anthropogenic climate change is considered to be the closest vital threat to the bios including human being. Meanwhile, climate change skepticism and denialism, and eco-fascism undermine efforts for democratic solutions and adaptation policies about the crisis. Political science has also begun to make an intense effort to define, interprate, and reveal these serious threats in various aspects, and to create a large literature on this subject. As a result of the evaluation of the publications, comparative results are made out regarding the concepts of skepticism and denialism and eco-fascism. Skepticism and denialism express ideas, actions and policies aimed at discrediting the existence of climate change or its anthropogenic nature, especially in Western societies. These are mostly masculine, nationalist or populist political attitudes that reject global adaptation policies due to its controversial relations with the idea of national sovereignty. Eco-fascism, on the other hand, expresses mostly white, masculine and xenophobic attitudes that give up on people in order to save nature, or act with the idea of a mythical inseparability between the ethnic group and its environment, perceiving all kinds of differences as an environmental threat and do not hesitate to use violence to eliminate them. Although their perspectives on climate change differ fundamentally, the common points of the both are that they put narrow local interests before long-term global interests, they are equipped with post-truth visions rather than scientific data, they champion anti-elitism blended with anti-intellectualism, and they do not act with the expectation of epistemological consistency. In this study, the basic characteristics of these political movements have been analyzed and a certain framework has been provided for political decision makers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Change, Denialism, Eco-Fascism, Ecology, Skepticism

Kaynakça

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